To assess the effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with endorectal surface coil in the ataging of carcinoma of the uterine cervix with emphasis on parametrial involvement. Thirty women with clinically and radiographically proven carcinoma of the uterine cervix were initially included for this study, but thirteen patients were excluded since the stages of tumors wore beyond stage IIa. CT and MR findings of the remaining seventeen patients were performed at Cheil General Hospital and compared a1ong with clinical findings with the special emphasis on the parametrial involvement by the tumor. Staging was assessed by CT and MRI, and the results were compared with the pathologic staging. Radiea1 abdominal hysterectomy with the pelvic and paraaortic lymphnode dissection was done to all sewenteen patients. The staging made primarily by CT and MRI was either stsge 1 or Ila, but MR images with endorectal surface coil was superior to CT in the visualization of depth of tumor infiltration, especially parametrial involvement. The determination of the depth of the tumor made by MR images showed statistically significant correlation with histologic evaluation(R =0.768, p<0.01). The accuracy rate for the evaluation of the parametrial invo1vement was 82.3% far CT and 94.1% for MRI with endorectal surface coil. The overall accuracy rate for tumor staging was 70.5% for clinical, 58.8% for CT and 82.3% for MR evaluation. The accurecy rate in evaluation of the pelvic and paraaortic lymphnode was 88.2% for CT, but the evaluation done by MRl was not adequate due to small FOV(field of view). In assessment of The steging of careinoma of the uterine cervlx, MR images with endorectal surface coil was superior to CT, especially in the evaluation of the parametrial involvement.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Staging

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the low-field (0.2T) magnetic resonance (MR) system in the detection of the superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder over a 7-month period. Forty-six patients underwent arthroscopic surgery, and the surgical results were correlated with the findings of the MR imaging. Arthroscopic procedures were performed within a mean of 8 days after MR imaging. MR imaging of the shoulder was conducted as follows: shoulder coil; T1-weighted spin echo, coronal-oblique images; T2-weighted gradient echo, coronal-oblique and axial images; and T2-weighted spin echo, coronal-oblique and sagittal-oblique images. Prospectively, one radiologist interpreted the MR images. RESULTS: The results of surgery were as follows: SLAP II in 26 shoulders, SLAP III in 1 shoulder, SLAP IV in 1 shoulder, normal labrum in 6 shoulders. For SLAP lesions with a higher grade than type 2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the low-field MRI were 85.7%, 55.5%, 75%, 71%, and 74%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was relatively good agreement for the comparison of the MR results obtained using a low-field MR system with the surgical findings for identifying SLAP lesions.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder

Cholangiocarcinoma is a form of adenocarcinoma arising from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary epithelium. Apparent predisposing factors include some chronic hepatobiliary parasitic infsttations, congenital anomalies with ectatic ducts, sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis and occupational exposure to possible biliary tract carcinogens. Patients with cholangiocarcinoma usually present with biliary obstruction, painless jaundice, pruritus, weight loss and acholic stools. Because the obstructing process is gradua1, the cholangiocarcinoma is often far advanced by the time it presents clinically. The diagnosis is most frequently made by cholangiography following ultrasound demonstration of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. We report a case of common bile duct cancer spreading to gallbladder and common hepatic duct along the biliary mucosal epitherium and submucosal tissue in 68-year-old female patient along with a review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Carcinogens ; Causality ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Hepatic Duct, Common* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Occupational Exposure ; Pruritus ; Ultrasonography ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Trisomy*

PURPOSE: We wished to compare the ability of ultrasonography and radiography performed on the same day to detect rib fractures in minor chest injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifteen patients with minor chest injuries were selected. Radiography and ultrasonography were performed on the same day with these patients. Chest wall pain was the only presenting symptom. Two radiologists performed ultrasonography. Fractures were identified by a disruption of the anterior margin of the rib and costal cartilage. The incidence and location of fractures and complications revealed by radiography and ultrasonography were compared. RESULTS: Radiographs revealed the presence of 70 rib fractures in 50 (23%) of 215 patients and ultrasonography revealed the presence of 203 rib fractures in 133 (62%) of 215 patients. Ultrasonography uniquely identified 133 rib fractures in 83 patients. Ultrasonography identified a 2.9 fold increase in the number of fractures in a 2.6 fold number of subjects as compared to radiography. Of the 203 sonographically detected fractures, 201 were located in the rib, one was located at the costochondral junction, and one in the costal cartilage. There were no complications seen by either radiography or ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography reveals more fractures than those that may be overlooked on radiography for minor chest injuries.
Cartilage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Radiography* ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs* ; Thoracic Injuries* ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Popular use of fetal ultrasonography has increased to detect congenital hydronephrosis(CH) which is the most common anomaly prenatally detected. We'd like to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of prenatally diagnosed CH and outcome of ureteropelvic junction stenosis(UPJS). METHODS: The records of births between January 1994 and June 2003 in Chonnam National University Hospital(CNUH), and the records of children who were diagnosed with CH in the Department of Pediatrics of CNUH during the above period, were retrospectively analyzed. In the patients with UPJS, the initial anterior posterior diameters of renal pelvis(APD) were compared between the spontaneous regression (SR) and operation group(OP). In the SR group, sequential regression rates of APD were estimated. RESULTS: Among a total 9,076 births, 231(2.54 percent) patients with 293 renal units were diagnosed as CH and 19(6.78 percent) renal units spontaneously regressed 3 days after birth. In 228 children(56 bilateral; 172 unilateral; total 284 renal units) diagnosed with CH in the department of pediatrics of CNUH, male(71.9 percent) and left kidney(69.2 percent) predilection were found and 78.1 percent of CH were caused by UPJS. The initial APD of the SR group(121 units) in UPJS was 7.8+/-6.28 mm, which was significantly smaller than the APD(26.8+/-12.14 mm) of the OP group(25 unit)(P<0.05). In the SR group, 81 percent spontaneously regressed within one year. CONCLUSIONS: In CH, male and left kidney predilection were found. UPJS was the most common cause of CH and initial APD in UPJS at 3 days of age was a good prognostic indicator. Close monitoring should be done for at least one year because most SR in UPJS regressed spontaneously within one year.
Child ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Male ; Parturition ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

The immune correlate of host resistance induced by reinfection of Trichinella spiralis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated immune correlates between the resistance and serum IgG antibody level, CD23⁺ IgM⁺ B cells, and eosinophil responses induced by T. spiralis reinfection. Mice were primarily infected with 10 or 100 T. spiralis larvae (10 TS, 100 TS), respectively, and after 4 weeks, they were challenge infected with 100 T. spiralis larvae (10–100 TS, 100-100 TS). Upon challenge infections, 10–100 TS mice induced significantly higher levels of T. spiralis-specific total IgG antibody responses in sera and antibody secreting cell responses in spleens compared to 100-100 TS mice, resulting in significantly reduced worm burdens in 10–100 TS mice (60% and 70% reductions for adult and larvae, respectively). Higher levels of eosinophils were found in mice primarily infected with 10 TS compared to those of 100 TS at week 8 upon challenge. CD23+ IgM+ B cells were found to be increased significantly in mice primarily infected with 10 TS. These results indicate that primary infection of 10 larvae of T. spiralis, rather than 100 larvae, induces significant resistance against reinfection which closely correlated with T. spiralis-specific IgG, eosinophil, and CD23+ IgM+ B cell responses.
Adult ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; B-Lymphocytes ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Larva ; Mice* ; Spleen ; Trichinella spiralis* ; Trichinella*

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of Mn-DPDP for the detection of focal hepatic tumors on MR images and to determine the optimal pulse sequence to maximize its effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with 32 focal hepatic tumors were examined by means of 1.5-T MRI. Before and after the intravenous administration of Mn-DPDP, five pulse sequences were used to obtain T1-weighted images: two-dimensional fast low-angle shot (2D FLASH) with/without fat saturation (FS), spinecho (SE), and three-dimensional fast low angle shot reconstruction (3D FLASH) with/without FS. Quantitative assessment involved determination of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver and the tumor, the percentage signal enhancement ratio (PSER) of the liver, and tumor-to-liver contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Pulse sequences were also evaluated subjectively for tumor conspicuity, delineation, and image artifact. In addition, two experienced radiologists compared tumor detection rates between precontrast and postcontrast images. RESULTS: Mn-DPDP had a marked effect on liver SNR and absolute CNR at all pulse sequences (p<0.05). On postcontrast images, PSER and absolute CNR of the liver were highest at 3D FLASH and 2D FLASH FS, respectively, and significantly higher at GRE than at SE (p<0.05). On postcontrast images, the CNR of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma was positive, while that of hemangioma, metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma was negative. The postcontrast CNR of all tumors except hepatocellular carcinoma increased more than 100%. Qualitative studies showed that tumor conspicuity increased significantly at all sequences except SE, and delineation increased significantly except at SE and postcontrast 2D GRE FS. After Mn-DPDP, GRE more effectively demonstrated tumor conspicuity and image artifact than did SE, and GRE other than 2D FLASH FS was also better than SE for tumor dilineation (p<0.05). The sensitivity of all postcontrast images increased and the tumor detection rate at GRE was significantly higher than at SE. CONCLUSION: Mn-DPDP favorably affects tumor-to-liver contrast, and may be useful in the imaging of focal hepatic tumors, more so with 2D or 3D FLASH pulse sequences than with SE.
Administration, Intravenous ; Artifacts ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Dyphylline ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Manganese ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Noise ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

PURPOSE: Although the screening with a mammography has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality, it has limitations relating to its sensitivity and efficacy. Interval cancers are those that become symptomatic, and are detected between screening examinations. The success of a screening program in reducing the rate of mortality due to breast cancer relies on keeping the number of interval cancers at a minimum. This study was performed to review the mammographic features of interval cancers, and to compare their clinicopathological factors with those cancers detected by screening. METHODS: Of the 881 women who had operations for breast cancer performed between 1995 and 1999, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records and mammograms of 57 who received at least a mammogram before the diagnosis of their breast cancer. These patients were divided into an interval cancer group, who had symptoms, and a screen detected cancer group, who had not. The factors compared included the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. RESULTS: Interval cancers were more likely to have masses, than microcalcifications, in their mammographic features, and were more likely to be invasive and at a higher stage according to their histopathological features. The false negative rate was 48% for the screen detected cancers, and 35% for the interval cancers (P=0.414). HRT users had the higher false negative rate of 51.6% than the 26.9% for the nonuser (P=0.103). CONCLUSION: The interval cancers were found to be different from the screen detected cancers in terms of their radiological and pathological features. The standardization of screen interval, and additional magnification mammography, or ultrasonography may contribute to reduce false negative rates of mammography.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Morinda ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: It has been studied prognostic factors about secondary displacement after conservative treatment of the distal radius fracture, but each study showed different results. Authors retrospectively evaluated factors known to be involved secondary displacement of the distal radius fracture to determine its significance. METHODS: One hundred eighteen cases of the radiographically unstable distal radius fractures that closed reduction was adequately performed were retrospectively studied and the radiographic images were taken at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks after closed reduction. During follow-up, dorsal tilt more than 15°, volar tilt more than 20°, ulnar positive variance more than 4 mm, radial length less than 6 mm, radial inclination less than 10° were thought of the loss of reduction. RESULTS: In 41 cases (34.7%), the loss of reduction occurred. Sex, intra-articular fracture, dorsal and volar comminution, concomitant ulnar fracture and involvement of the distal radio-ulnar joint were statistically not significant. Analysis results of the binomial logistic regression model were as follows: age (p=0.003), radial shortening (p=0.010) and ulnar positive variance (p=0.010) were statistically significant as the predictive prognostic factors. Analysis results of the multinomial logistic regression model showed age (p=0.006) as an only statistically significant factor. CONCLUSION: As the predictive prognostic factors for development of secondary displacement after conservative treatment of the unstable distal radius fracture, age was determined as most significant factor. Also radial shortening and ulnar positive variance were thought of the predictive factors for secondary displacement.
Colles' Fracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Logistic Models ; Radius Fractures* ; Radius* ; Retrospective Studies