No abstract available.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Plasma* ; Reye Syndrome*

PURPOSE: Neonatal surgical conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract are varied, can affect any part of the intestinal tract, and frequently require urgent surgical intervention. Unfortunately, nonspecific and overlapping symptomatology exists among the conditions affecting the intra-aMominal intestinal tract and requires of the evaluating physician a thorough understanding of their pathophysiology. So we studied signs and symptoms, frequency and incidence, ages at diagnosis, and diagnostic method of the neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions. METHOD: We reviewed retrospectively the charts of patients, who had been diagnosed as gastrointestinal obstruction during the neonatal period, and had been admitted to Gyeongsang National University Hospital from Feb. 1988 to Feb. 1997. RESULT: Total 77 cases were enrolled in this study. There were 59 rnales (76.796) and female 18 cases (23.4%). The male to female ratio was 3.28: 1. Twenty-two cases of imperforate anus (28.6%), 18 cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (23.4%), 15 cases of congenital megacolon (19.5%) were observed. Other diseases causing the neonatal gastrointastinal obstruction were annulus pancreas (7.8%), jejunal atresia (6.5%), duodenal atresia (1.3%), duodenal web (2.6%), ileal atresia (2.6%), midgut volvulus (2.6%), intussusception (1.3%), and trachoesophageal fistula (2.6%). The rnost common symptom was vomiting with 32 cases (41.6%), followed by abdominal distension with 31 cases (40.3%), absence of anus with 17 cases (22.1%), and delayed meconium passage with 9 cases (11.7%). Associated other anomalies were observed in 18 cases (23%). Imperforate anus was seen with the highest rate of associated anomalies. The most common associated anomaly was the cardiac anomaly. Colon study (26%), physical examination (24.7%), abdominal sonography (15.6%), upper GI series (11.7%), and simple abdomen (9.1%) were diagnostic in the neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions. Seventeen cases (22%) were died before or after the surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions were associated with the high mortality rate. Abdominal distension and vomiting were the specific symptoms of neonatal gastrointe- stinal obstructions. Extensive search for the associated anomalies are reqiured because of its high frequency in the patients of the neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions. Thorough physical examination, colon study, abdominal sonography, upper GI series, and simple abdomen were essential in the diagnosis of the neonatal intestinal obstructions.
Abdomen ; Anal Canal ; Anus, Imperforate ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fistula ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Atresia ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Intussusception ; Male ; Meconium ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Physical Examination ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis*

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Tetralogy of Fallot*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

The age-specific anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence rates in South Korea have changed markedly since the last 2030 years with an improvement in the socio-economic, housing, and environmental-sanitation conditions. These changes are characterized by very low anti-HAV seropositive rates among individuals less than 30 years of age; however, nowadays, most adolescents and young adults at an increased risk of developing symptomatic HAV infections. The Korea Center for Disease Control Sentinel Surveillance System has recently revealed an increase in the incidence of hepatitis A infection since 2001 and has revealed a potential endemic nature of the hepatitis A infection. Hepatitis A vaccines that were introduced in 1997 in Korea have made the current anti-HAV IgG positive rates in children (less than 10 years of age) approximately 50% of the rates observed in Seoul in 2006. However, in the same year, a few children were diagnosed as having anti-HAV IgG antibodies in Busan. This suggests the presence of some difference in the vaccination policy among doctors practicing in Seoul and Busan. Thus, the current recommendation of vaccinating 12-year-old child with HAV vaccination should be emphasized and a new strategy should be developed for the vaccination program to cater to the adolescents and young adults who are not immune, as well as for persons who are at a high risk for hepatitis A viral infection such as military personnel and hospital and day care center employees. Further, urgent hepatitis A vaccinations are also needed in patients with chronic liver diseases.
Adolescent ; Antibodies ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Day Care, Medical ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis A virus ; Housing ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Military Personnel ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; Republic of Korea ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Vaccination ; Viruses ; Young Adult

Nowadays, the nutritional deficits are rarely seen in Korea. However, an increased availability of the highly palatable energy dense, nutrient-poor foods increases the risks of obesity and deficits of vitamins and minerals in the general population. Also, optimum intake of vitamins and minerals, which varies with age and genetic back ground, might not suffice the poor, young, obese, and elderly people. Young girls and individuals participating in weight reductions and aesthetic components are prone to micronutrient deficiencies because they restrict food intake and specific micronutrient rich foods. An inadequate intake of vitamins or minerals is associated with reduced physical performance and exercise capacity, increased obesity, decreased cognitive function, increased DNA damages such as single- and double-stranded breaks or oxidative DNA lesions, and accelerated aging process and increased neuronal damages with mitochondrial oxidative decay. Most of these deleterious effects of the deficit could be prevented by a one tablet of multivitamins with a good balanced diet. High dose B vitamins are frequently administered to overcome the metabolic inadequacy to the people with the less functional enzymes with increased Km values for their coenzymes due to the single gene mutation or due to the single nucleotide polymorphisms. And some certain antioxidant vitamins are also used in large quantities to overcome the oxidative stress and to repair the damages. In this review, new nutritional concepts of some vitamins and minerals, which are widely used and useful for the children, will be discussed.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery*

The causes of hypocalcemia in patients suffering from severe infection including sepsis are largely uncertain. So we measured serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol, PTH, and calcitonin of the infection-associated hypocalcemic children and compared with those of normocalcemic children suffering from tsutsugamushi disease. All had normal renal functions and had been admitted to the department of pediatrics of Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Hypocalcemic patients were hypoalbuminemic. Serum total calcium was inappropriately more decreased compared to the decreased amount of serum albumin in the hypocalcemic group. We also observed more frequent incidence of hypocholesterolemia (<100mg/dL) in this group. And serum PTH was appropriately elevated in the hypocalcemic patients. Serum calcitonin was elevated in both groups, but 6 times higher in the hypocalcemic group than in the normocalcemic one. Serum total calcium was positively correlated with serum albumin and negatively correlated with serum PTH and calcitonin.
Calcitonin ; Calcium ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypocalcemia* ; Incidence ; Pediatrics ; Scrub Typhus ; Sepsis ; Serum Albumin