PURPOSE: This study is to identify the factors that affect middle-aged workers' health promoting behaviors. METHODS: 214 middle-aged workers participated in surveys, and the data were collected from August to September 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with PASW 18.0 program. RESULTS: It was found that among the factors, the degree of job stress (t=7.69, p<.001) and depression (t=6.23, p<.001) were significantly high for type D individuals, while non type D showed meaningful degree of self-related health status (t=-3.66, p<.001) and health promoting behaviors (t=-4.71, p<.001). The notable variable that affected the health promoting behaviors of the middle-aged workers was depression for both type D (beta=-.357, p= .029) and non type D (beta=-.325, p<.001) individuals, and this variable accounted for 24.1% and 18.2% respectively. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the middle-aged workers showed high degree of job stress and depression that influenced on their health promoting behaviors. Thus, they are recommended to receive health management programs that offer treatment through consulting considering their individual personalities.
Depression ; Health Behavior

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the characteristic findings of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis on HRCT and to evaluate the usefulness of HRCT by compareson with chest radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: High resolution CT, chest radiographs and medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 10 patients with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis. We analysed the size, distribution and margin of nodules, reticular or ground-glass density, parenchymal lesion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion on HRCT which were compared with chest radiographic findings. RESULTS: On HRCT, characteristic 1--2mm sized sharp or ill-defined nodular densities were randomly distributed throughout both lungs in all cases. In seven cases, the nodules were evenly scattered, but slightly more in upper lung zone in two cases, and in lower in one case. Only three cases revealed somewhat large and abundant nodules in posterior lung zone. There were findings of ill-defined margin of nodules in three cases, reticular densities in three cases and ground-glass opacity in two cases, all of which were observed within 4 weeks after onset of symptom. In one case, HRCT scan revealed a micronodular pattern in the lung parenchyma, even though chest radiographs of 2 days before were not obviously abnormal. HRCT was better to evaluate the margin of nodule and distribution than chest radiographs in four cases. Focal parenchymal lesion (n=5), pleural effusion(n=4), mediastinal lymphadenopathy(n=6) and ARDS(n=I) were also associated. CONCLUSION: HRCT could suggest a more specific diagnosis of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis with the above characteristic findings in appropriate clinical setting and normal or interstitial pattern of chest radiographs.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Medical Records ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

PURPOSE: Several studies have described age-associated brow drooping in Westerners. However, there are few studies that address brow drooping in the Asian population, and especially in the Korean population. Therefore, we studied brow position changes with age in Korean individuals. METHODS: A total of 300 adults older than 18 years were enrolled. The ImageJ program was used to analyze digital photos of the patients by measuring the following parameters: marginal reflex distance-1, brow-to-pupil distance, nasal ala-lateral brow distance, lateral brow plumb line, and the angle formed by the line from the mid pupil to the midline of the brow and a line from the midline of the brow to the lateral brow. We divided the patients into three groups (18 to 40, 41 to 60, older than 61) and compared them using the ANOVA test. RESULTS: Group A included 100 patients between 18 and 40 years of age. Group B included 100 patients between 41 and 60 years of age. Group C included 100 patients older than 61 years. There were significant differences between groups A and C and between groups B and C with regard to marginal reflex distance-1, brow-to-pupil distance and the angle. Lateral brow plumb line showed significant difference only between groups A and B. Nasal ala-lateral brow distance was not significantly different across the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: We sought to describe the physiologic facial changes that occur in Korean individuals. We also hoped to establish guidelines for ptosis corrective surgery. We used various parameters to characterize the aging process in Asians. Our data demonstrated that, like Westerners, Koreans experience lateral brow drooping with age; however, this change was only significant in the group aged >61 years.
Adult ; Aging ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Hope ; Humans ; Pupil ; Reflex

PURPOSE: There are many prognostic factors in the recurrence and the progression of T1 superficial bladder cancer. Among these factors, microstaging evaluation in T1 bladder cancer may be of important value in patients with T1 superficial bladder cancer. To evaluate the usefulness of microstaging evaluation, we analyzed the microstage in T1 superficial bladder cancer and analyzed the recurrence rate and the progression rate of each microstage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done on 87 patients with T1 primary superficial bladder cancer managed in our hospital between January 1992 and April 1998. Microstages were assigned according to the following system: pT1a, invasion of lamina propria: pT1b, invasion to the level of the muscularis mucosa; pT1c, invasion through the muscularis mucosa but superficial to the muscularis propria. We analyzed the relationship between the microstage and the grade, the relationship between the recurrence or the progression of diseases and the grade of the tumor, the relationship between the grade or the microstage and the recurrence of diseases. All specimens were obtained from transurethral resection. RESULTS: The recurrence rates of pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 9.1%(3/33), 40%(8/33) and 64.7%(22/33) respectively(p<0.001). The progression rates of pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 0%(0/33), 10%(2/20) and 20.6%(7/34) respectively(p=0.005). The recurrence rates of grade I, grade II and grade III were 23.1%(3/13), 26.7%(12/45) and 62.1%(18/29) respectively(p=0.002). The progression rates of grade I, grade II and grade III were 7.7%(1/13), 4.4%(2/45) and 20.7%(6/29) respectively(p=0.062). pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 21.2%(7/33), 20%(4/40) and 5.9%(2/34) in the patients of the grade I. pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 69.7%(23/33), 50%(10/20) and 35.3%(12/34) in the grade II. pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 9.1%(3/33), 30%(6/20) and 58.8%(20/34) in the grade III. Thus the relationship between the grade and the microstage was statistically significant(p=0.001). The recurrece rates of pT1a in the grade I, pT1b in the grade I and pT1c in the grade I were 14.3%(1/7), 0%(0/4) and 100%(2/2). The recurrence rates of pT1a in the grade II , pT1b in the grade II and pT1c in the grade II were 8.7%(2/23), 40%(4/10) and 50%(6/12). The recurrence rates of pT1a in the grade III, pT1b in the grade III and pT1c in the grade III were 0%(0/3), 66.7%(4/6) and 77.8%(14/20)(p=0.176). The progression rates of pT1a in the grade I, pT1b in the grade I and pT1c in the grade I were 0%(0/7), 0%(0/4) and 50%(1/2). The progression rates of pT1a in the grade II, pT1b in the grade II and pT1c in the grade II were 0%(0/23), 10%(1/10) and 8.3%(1/12). The progression rates of pT1a in the grade III, pT1b in the grade III and pT1c in the grade III were 0%(0/3), 16.7%(1/6) and 25%(5/20)(p=0.526). CONCLUSIONS: Microstaging in T1 superficial bladder cancer appears to be a significant prognostic factor in the recurrence and the progression of the diseases.
Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Ovarian Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Ovarian Neoplasms

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare the magnitude and phase between the RR interval and QT interval variability in the frequency domain. METHODS: Twenty four, 12-13 year old healthy males were randomly selected. At resting state and for 5 minutes, ECGs were obtained, and they were digitized to 1000Hz. After measurement of RR interval, QT interval variability was measured using template matching strategy. After normalization of the RR and QT interval time series, power spectral and cross spectral analysis were performed. From each of the time series, low- (0.04-0.15 hertz) and high- (0.15-0.4 hertz) frequency power were measured. From the phase spectrum, the phases and time lags between the two time series at each of the two frequency range were calculated. RESULTS: The average of RR interval and QT interval was 616.0+/-71.0, 364.0+/-47.0 msec, respectively. Their normalized low- and high- frequency power was 4.4+/-7.9 NU(normalized unit), 0.1+/-0.1 NU(p<0.005), and 11.0+/-30.0 NU, 0.3+/-0.3(NU, p<0.005), respectively. The phase differences and resulting time lags between the two interval were -0.5+/-0.4 pi radian(-0.9 seconds) and -0.2+/-0.3 pi radian(-0.4 seconds) in the low- and high-frequency range, respectively. CONCLUSION: During resting state, when compared to RR interval, QT interval oscillates in significantly lower amplitude in both low- and high- frequency ranges. However, the oscillations precede those of the RR interval 0.9 seconds and 0.4 seconds, respectively.
Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Bupivacaine* ; Morphine* ; Prospective Studies*

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been increasing for many years and ectopic pregnancy is still a leading cause of maternal death although its mortality is reduced significantly with improved early diagnosis and treatment. Intraligamentous pregnancy, a subset of ectopic pregnancy, is one of the most unusual accident so that the diagnosis of intraligamentous pregnancy is hardly ever made prior to laparotomy. We experienced intraligamentous pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. So we presented a case with brief review of literature.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemorrhage* ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Maternal Death ; Mortality ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been increasing for many years and ectopic pregnancy is still a leading cause of maternal death although its mortality is reduced significantly with improved early diagnosis and treatment. Intraligamentous pregnancy, a subset of ectopic pregnancy, is one of the most unusual accident so that the diagnosis of intraligamentous pregnancy is hardly ever made prior to laparotomy. We experienced intraligamentous pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. So we presented a case with brief review of literature.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemorrhage* ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Maternal Death ; Mortality ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic