A 49-year old man was admitted to the Korea university hospital, department of surgery, for evaluation of anterior neck mass which was slowly growing for five years. His past history was unremarkable except for known hypertension for several years. Physical examination revealed high blood pressure, measuring 180 mmHg in systolic phase and 120 mmHg in diastolic phase. A soft nontender mass was palpated at anterior neck just above the sternal notch with smooth surface and its size was about 4 x 5 cm in cross. On laboratory examination, diabetic evidence such as high blood sugar (FBS 170 mg/dl, PP2hr. 234 mg/dl) and glucosuria. The CBC finding suggested polycythemia with high hemoglobin (18.0 g/dl) and hematocrit (54%) levels. The differential count and platelet count were within normal limits.
Male ; Humans

The purpose of the study was to develop and test the model for the quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literature. The conceptual framework was built around ten constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were mother's health, father's health, marital intimacy, mother's attitude on children, economic state, side effect of steroid, severity of illness and social support. Endogenous variables were mother's burden and quality of life. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model were collected by using a self-report questionnaire from 152 mothers of children with nephrotic syndrom at the outpatient clinics and in the hospital. The data was collected from May, 1999 to August, 1999. Reliability of the seven instruments was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from 0.71 - 0.92. For the data analysis, SPSS 8.0 WIN program and LISREL 8.20 WIN program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structural analysis were as follow : 1.The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data.[x2 = .56, df = 3, p = .90(p > .05 ), GFI = .99, AGFI = .99, RMSR = .005.] 2. For the parsimony of model, a modified model was constructed by deleting 1 variable and excluding 2 paths according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3.The modified model also showed a good fit with the data[x2 = 2.83, df = 7, p = .90( p > .05 ), GFI = 1.00, AGFI = .97, RMSR = .011]. The result of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1.Mother's health( gamma 21 = .26, t = 4.16), father's health( gamma 22 = .19, t = 2.92), marital intimacy( gamma 23 = .26, t = 4.13) and social support( gamma 28 = .12, t = 2.03) had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. 2. Mother's burden( beta 21 = -.20, t = -3.10) had a significant negative direct effect on the quality of life. 3. Mother's attitude on children( gamma 14 = -.34, t = .-4.57), mother's health( gamma 11 = -.22, t = -2.96) and side effect of steroid ( gamma 16 = -.23, t = .-2.69) had a significant direct negative effect on the burden. The result of this study showed that mother's health, marital intimacy, mother's burden, father's health, and social support had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. Mother's attitude on children, mother's health, and side effect of steroid had a significant direct effect on mother's burden. These six variables, mother's health, marital intimacy, father's health, social support, mother's attitude on children and side effect of steroid were identified as relatively important variables. The results of this study suggest, it needed to determine the nursing intervention will alleviate mother's burden and promote a greater quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrom.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health

Purpose: : The purpose of this study was to not only examine the importance and performance status of patient safety nursing activities in the intensive care unit but also to understand nurses’ educational needs in this respect. Methods: : In this descriptive study, 196 nurses working in the intensive care units of university hospitals located at B City and G Province were enrolled. They completed the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) questionnaire, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: : Mean±standard deviation item scores of importance and performance of patient safety nursing activities were 4.75±0.33 and 4.48±0.38, respectively. In the IPA results, a total of 10 items were included in the second quadrant, including 1 item related to ‘transfer,’ 1 to ‘infection,’ and 1 to ‘firefighting surveillance.’ As the second quadrant contains the high-importance, low-performance items, these 10 items resemble the nurses’ educational needs that should be prioritized. Conclusion : The results of this study can be used as a basis for the development of nursing educational programs for patient safety in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare prospectively two different anesthetic techniques with isoflurane or propofol for postoperative nausea, vomiting and recovery after tonsillectomy in children. METHODS: Sixty children, ASA physical status I, were assigned randomly to one of two groups. In group I, anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane 1~1.5 vol%. In group P, anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 1 mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and maintained with propofol infusion 5~10 mg/kg/hr. Both group received vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg for tracheal intubation and were ventilated with 33% O2 in N2O. The time to extubation, time to eye opening, PACU time, incidence and numbers of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and degree of sedation were recorded as well as perioperative complications. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the duration of anesthesia and PACU time between two groups. The time to extubation and eye opening of group P were significantly shorter than group I (p<0.05). The degree of sedation and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting of group P were significantly lower than group I (p<0.05). But the frequency of intraoperative bradycardia was significantly higher in group P than group I (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol-fentanyl anesthesia results in less nausea and vomiting during postoperative period and more rapid recovery compared to isoflurane anesthesia and may be recommended in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Adenoidectomy ; Anesthesia* ; Bradycardia ; Child* ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Isoflurane* ; Nausea ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Postoperative Period ; Propofol* ; Prospective Studies ; Thiopental ; Tonsillectomy* ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify gender role identity and stereotypes and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and stereotype among college students. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 245 college students in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII of Lee, Kim, Koh(2002) and Sex Stereotype scales modified by Kim, Dongil(1999). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, x2-test, Sheffe test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. RESULT: 1. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent but for female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common. 2. Female students were inclined to oppose traditional sex-role rather than male students. And the over 23 years old group tended to resist traditional sex-roles rather than other aged group. 3. The Androginy typed group had more progressive sex-role compared with undifferentiated typed group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gender role identity and sex stereotype were difference in sex and age. And the androgyny typed group had more progressive sex-role compared with other gender role identity typed group.
Daegu ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Male ; Masculinity ; Weights and Measures ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the structure and characteristics among college students' gender-role identity. METHOD: The study used a Q-method to measure college students' gender-role identity types. Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory(KGRII) formed the Q sample. The P sample consisted of a convenience sample of 44 college students. Q statements were written on separate cards and were given to the subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with the Quanl PC program. RESULT: From data, three types were extracted. Three types showed a low correlation with each other, and accounted for 41 percent of the variance of the participants. The first type, a 'sex-role transcendence', expresses warm, humane, and kind. The second type, a 'masculinity intention type', has leadership, activity, power, and initiative. And the third type, a 'femininity intention type' pursues emotional, expressive, delicate and tactful. CONCLUSION: This paper classifies and subdivides three types of gender-role identity in college students. It helps understanding of gender-role identity, and further developing a sense of value and attitude related to gender identity in college students.
Gender Identity ; Humans ; Intention ; Leadership ; Q-Sort

This study was done to compare the difference of obesity index(waist-hip ratio, body fat, body mass index, relative body weight), blood pressure and serum lipids in abdominal obesity and non abdominal in both men and women. Abdominal and non abdominal obesity was divided into waist-hip ratio above 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The subjects were 412 adults (age range 40-59), who had regular health examinations between 1996 to 1997 at the S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA (for adjusted for age) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. 39.9% of men and 42.5% of women had abdominal obesity. The average age group of abdominal obesity was 50.8 which is older than the non abdominal obesity group(48.0). 2. After they were adjusted for age, the group of men who have abdominal obesity had higher levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity group. The group of women with abdominal obesity had higer levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight , blood pressure and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity. 3. In the group of non abdominal obesity, the waist-hip ratio was significantly correlated to body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure and serum lipids the group of abdominal obesity in men and women.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Seoul ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among variables of body image, self-esteem and depression in college female students according to the normal and overweight. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 245 college female students. The data was collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from May to June of 2001. The data was analyzed by the SPSS computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, x2-test, t-test and the pearson correlation coefficient. RESULT: Demographics provided a significant difference in grade, household income, weight control experience. There was a perceived health status difference, according to the normal and overweight subjects. There was a significant difference in body image, self-esteem and depression between the two groups. There was a significant positive correlation between body image and self-esteem, and negative correlation between body image and depression, and self-esteem and depression in college female students. CONCLUSION: The Findings of this study give useful information to construct further studies in intervention program relating overweight control for college female students.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM) is a rare disease of women of child-bearing age in which there is progressive hyperplasia of atypical smooth mucle along lymphatics in the lung, and/or axial lymphatics in the thorax and abdomen, resulting in honeycombing of lung. Interestingly there has been a speculation that it represents a forme furste or incomplete expression of tuberous sclerosis complex. This is based on the observation that patients with tuberous sclerosis can manifest pulmonary lesions indistinguishable from LAM. We report a case of LAM occuring in a 39-year-old female, who complained of recurrent pneumothorax, chest pain and shortness of breath. Three years ago, the patient had right nephrectomy under the diagnosis of ruptured angiomyolipoma. A X-ray film of the chest showed honeycombing with a diffusely reticulonodular pattern and cyst-like spaces. She had a characteristic facial appearance of adenoma sebaceum, which her father and uncle had. Microscopically, the lung showed a marked smooth muscle proliferation around the slit-like lymphatic spaces and also some respiratory bronchioles.
Female ; Humans ; Adenoma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender role identity and health behavior and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and health behavior among university student. METHOD: Participants were 245 university students who lived in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII (Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory), and Healthy Life Style: A self-test provided by ODDHP National Health Information Center. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, chi2-test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. RESULT: 1. As a result of health behavior level, male students had more health risk behavior problems than female students in smoking(p=.00) and drinking (p=.03). Female students had more health risk behavior problems than male students in exercise and physical activity(p=.00). 2. For female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common, subjects of undifferentiated type was 26.4%. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent, and androgenic type was 31.4%. 3. Androginy typed group had more healthy behavior compared with other gender role identity typed group. In contrast, undifferentiated typed group had more high risk behavior compared with other typed group for all of health behavior. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gender role identity is a stronger predictor of heath related variable than is sex of subject. Therefore effect methods to develop health promotion program should consider not only sex difference but gender role identity.
Daegu ; Drinking ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Life Style ; Male ; Masculinity ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Characteristics