The authors studied ED50 of bethanechol on the contractilities of the smooth muscles isolated from various organs of rat under the presence of atropine (a classical competitive blocker of cholinergic muscarinic receptor) or minaprine (a newly developed antidepressant drug) to investigate the peripheral anticholinergic effect of minaprine. The results were as follow: 1) There was no significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine 10⁻⁸M and 10⁻⁷M in the smooth muscles isolated from the duodenum. 2) There was no significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine 10⁻⁸M and 10⁻⁷M in the smooth muscles isolated from the ascending colon. 3) There was significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine 10⁻⁸M and 10⁻⁷M in the smooth muscles isolated from the urinary bladder (P<0.01) 4) There was significant difference between ED50 of the atropine 10⁻⁸ and minaprine (10⁻⁸M) in the smooth muscles isolated from the urinary bladder (P<0.05).
Animals ; Atropine ; Bethanechol ; Colon, Ascending ; Duodenum ; Muscle, Smooth ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the elderly's health statuses, health behavior, and social relations on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to their family types. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 1000 elderly persons (298 living alone, 420 living with their spouses, and 282 living with their family)living in C city in Gangwon Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from July 20 to September 30, 2015. The SPSS/WIN program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The HRQoL of the elderly living alone was much lower than the other groups. The most influential factors on the HRQoL include self-rated health and depressive symptoms in all three groups. Social activities and skipping meals were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living alone and living with their spouses, while marital status, number of chronic disease, and instrumental activities of daily living were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living with their family. CONCLUSION: Nurses should take into account family types when designing interventions for improving the HRQoL of the elderly.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Gangwon-do ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Meals ; Quality of Life ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

We studied the angiographic findings in 65 patients wtih congenital pulmonary atresia, ages 4 days to 14 years(mean 3.3 yrs), form 1981 to 1986 at Severance Hospital Yonsei University. 1. 6 had pulmonary atresia with anintact interventricular septum, 38 had it with cardiac anomaly Renodynamically simulating TOF, and 21 associatedwith more complicated cardiac anomalies. 2. In the group with an intact ventricular septum, 5 showed confluentintrapericardial pulmonary artery, all segmental pulmonary arteries connceted to intrapericardial pulmoanryartery. 3. In the group simulating TOF, aorta arose from RV with or without overriding in 35. In 27 patients withconfluent intrapericardial pulmonary artery, 23 had more than 10 segmental pulmoanry arteries connceted tointrapericardial artery and 5 had severely hypoplastic hilar pulmonary arteries. In 11 with nonconfluentintrapericardial pulmonary artery, 4 had more than 10 segmental pulmonary arteries connected to central pulmonaryartery and 9 had severely hypoplastic hilar pulmonary arteries. 4. In the group associated with more complicatedcardiac anomaly, included 8 patients with atrioventricular discordance, 7 with univentricular heart and 6 withtricuspid atresia. In 17 patients with confluent intrapericardial artery, 16 had more than 10 segmental pulmoanryarteries conncected to intrapeircardial artery, one showed severe hypoplasia of hilar pulmonary arteries. Inanother 4 with nonconfluence, no one showed more than 10 segmental arteries conncted to intraperdicardial or hilarpulmonary artery.
Aorta ; Arteries ; Heart ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Atresia ; Ventricular Septum

PURPOSE: To access the effect of phacoemulsification, using Neosonix(R) (Alcon Laboratories, TX, USA), on the cornea and lens opacity. METHODS: This study involved 42 eyes of 37 patients who underwent phacoemulsification using the Neosonix from December 2005 through March 2006. We measured the density and the thickness of lenses using a Scheimpflug camera and evaluated the correlation between the density and the phaco time. To evaluate the effects of Neosonix(R) on the corneal endothelium, we measured various corneal endothelial cell parameters, including corneal endothelial cell density, corneal thickness, and morphologic changes up to two months postoperatively. RESULTS: The preoperative mean values of lens density for the anterior cortex, nucleus, and posterior cortex were 105.86+/-34.99 CCT, 82.17+/-35.14 CCT, and 77.88+/-52.98 CCT, respectively. The mean phacoemulsification time was 48.67+/-29.79 seconds and increased significantly, according to the increase of the densities of the lens nucleus and cortex (p<0.01). Postoperative mean corneal endothelial cell density was 2741+/-474 cell/mm2 at one day, 2757+/-447 cell/mm2 at one month, and 2765+/-422 cell/mm2 at two months. Corneal endothelial cell loss was 4.39%, 3.83%, and 3.56% at one day, one month, and two months postoperatively, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values of corneal endothelial cell density (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The phacoemulsification time using oscillation device significantly increased as the density of the lens cortex and nucleus increased, and there was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values of corneal endothelial cell density.
Cataract ; Cornea* ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification*

To elucidate whether dismembered pyeloplasty improves renal function, the authors studied 37 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Changes in various renal parameters pre-and postoperatively by 99mTc-DTPA diuretic renal scintigraphy(DTPA scan) and intravenous urography were evaluated. Subjects included 24 pediatric(mean age 9.7 years) and 13 adult(mean age 33 years) patients. Postoperative split renal function was improved in 79 % (l9/24) of pediatric patients and in 69%(9/13) of adult ones. While, the excretory slope was improved in 71%(17/24) of pediatric patients and in 77%( 10/13) of adult ones. Hydronephrosis on intravenous urogram was improved in 58% (14/24) and 54% (7/13), respectively between pediatric and adult patients. There was no statistically significant differences of improvement in split renal function and renographic washout curve between pediatric and adult patients. In summary, renal function was improved by dismembered pyeloplasty in both pediatric and adult patients.
Adult ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Urography

Some researchers tried to use Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy for evaluating breast cancer patients Early reports revealed that Tc-99m MIBI breast scintigraphy is useful in distinguishing malignancies from benign masses in patients who have difficulty in mammographic evaluation. Further studies suggested that the functional imaging with Tc-99m MIBI in breast cancer seems to be correlated with levels of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression and angiogenesis in cancer tissues. So we evaluated whether there is an actually significant relationship between the pattern of Tc-99m MIBI uptake in tumor tissue and tumoric factors including Pgp expression and angiogenesis. Thirty one untreated breast cancer patients (pathologically proved to invasive ductal carcinoma later) were prospectively studied by both Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy and immunohistochemical analysis of angiogenesis and Pgp expression on sugically removed tumor tissues. Both lateral and anterior planar images were obtained at 10 minutes and 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq Tc-99m MIBI. Tumor-to-normal breast ratio(T/N) and washout index (WI, early T/N minus late T/N divided by early T/N) were calcuated. The results were follows; A significant correlation was found between T/N at early and late images(r=0.54, p=0.002 on early images, r=0.47, p=0.008 on late images). T/N of early images were not different among different groups of Pgp expression(p=0.3696), while those of late images were significantly different among groups(p=0.0276). Even more significant difference of WI among the groups were noted (p=0.0015). A significant negative correlation was noted between T/N of late images and Pgp expression (p=0.00276). A even stronger correlation was found between WI and Pgp expression (r=0.68, p=0.001). In conclusion, the tumoral uptake and washout of Tc-99m MIBI can be used as a simple functional test for angiogenesis and P-glycoprotein expression in untreated breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; P-Glycoprotein ; Population Characteristics* ; Prospective Studies ; Radionuclide Imaging*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at acupoints suggested by oriental medicine to be related to the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rest/acupuncture-stimulation Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT using a same-dose subtraction method was performed on 54 normal volunteers (34 males, 20 females, age range from 18 to 62 years) using six paradigms: acupuncture at acupoints GV. 20, GV. 26, LI. 4, ST. 36 and SP. 6. In the control study, needle location was chosen on a non-meridian focus 1 cm posterior to the right fibular head. All images were spatially normalized, and the differences between rest and acupuncture stimulation were statistically analyzed using SPM for Windows . RESULTS: Acupuncture applied at acupoint GV. 20 increased rCBF in both the anterior frontal lobes, the right frontotemporal lobes, and the left anterior temporal lobe and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Acupuncture at GV. 26 increased rCBF in the left prefrontal cortex. Acupuncture at LI. 4 increased rCBF in the left prefrontal and both the inferior frontal lobes, and the left anterior temporal lobe and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Acupuncture at ST. 36 increased rCBF in the left anterior temporal lobe, the right inferior frontal lobes, and the left cerebellum. Acupuncture at SP. 6 increased rCBF in the left inferior frontal and anterior temporal lobes. In the control stimulation, no significant rCBF increase was observed. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a correlation between stimulation at each acupoint with increase in rCBF to the corresponding brain areas.
Acupuncture Points* ; Acupuncture* ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Head ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Needles ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the arthro-sonographic appearance of the chronic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury. Twenty-nine patient, who were identified to have partial or complete ATFL tears by conventional ultrasonography were included. Intraarticular injection of 5 mL of fluid (2.5 cc lidocaine+2.5 saline) was performed under ultrasound-guidance, which was followed by arthrosonography. Among 23 patients with partial tear which was detected by the conventional ultrasonography, 11 patients were identified to have complete tear by the arthrosonography. Among 6 patients with complete tear was detected by conventional ultrasonography, all of them identified to have complete tear by the arthrosonography. Arthrosonography is helpful in evaluation the configuration of ATFL complete tear and detecting complete tear by making them appear larger and apparent after instillation of fluid.
Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Ligaments

A retroperitoneal lymphangioma is a rare tumor, most commonly affecting the neck or axillary area. We report a case of a 60-year-old man, with left flank pain, who had a retroperitoneal cavernous lymphangioma, with hemorrhagic complication. The diagnosis was made after complete excision of the tumor, followed by pathologic documentation.
Diagnosis ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Lymphangioma* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Retroperitoneal Space*

No abstract available.
Erythema Nodosum* ; Erythema* ; Hypertrichosis* ; Skin*