BACKGROUND: Determination of left ventricular(LV) myocardial mass with echocardioraphy is feasible and validated. American society of echocardiography(ASE) issued recommendations for the quantitation of the left ventricle by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography in 1978 and 1989, respectively. Although some controversies exist regarding the relative accuracy of M-mode and 2-dimensional techniques, many workers now agree that 2-dimensional methods are more accurate and can be applied to a higher percentage of patients. But sometimes the validated methods are not optimal when parasternal short axis view is difficult to obtain, when the ventricle is distorted, or when scar tissue constitutes a portion of the myocardial volume. METHODS: We measured left ventricular mass in 72 normal subjects using three different methods-ASE cube method with correction in M-mode(method A), area-length method from parasternal short axis view and apical four chamber view(method B), and the method using Simpson's rule from apical four chamber view(method C). RESULTS: 1) LV mass(index) was 161.8+/-30.3g(98.7+/-15.6g/m2) by method A, 166.2+/-32.8g(101.2+/-16.5g/m2) by method B, and 161.2+/-31.8g(98.2+/-15.5g/m2) by method C. 2) LV mass or index by method B was significantly different from that by method A(p<0.001) and from that by method C(p<0.001). However there was no significant difference in LV mass or index between by method A and C(p>0.05). 3) There was a strong correlation between LV mass or index by the method A and B(r=0.873, p<0.001), by the method B and C(r=0.923, p<0.001), and by the A and C(r=0.945, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the method using Simpson's rule can reliably assess LV mass, although it results in smaller value that that by area-length method.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cicatrix ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans

This is a case report of a cystic hygroma with polycystic kidney in a fetus which was suspected by ultrasonography and was confirmed by autopsy. Recently, we have experienced this case in 25-year old woman repeatedly and we report that with a brief review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Ultrasonography

The p53 gene, one of the tumor suppressor genes, is believed to play an important role through mutation and overexpression in the progression of various human malignant tumors. To compare the p53 mutation status between the primary and metastatic lesions of breast cancers and to investigate the mutational pattern of p53, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) were performed in 25 cases of breast cancers with paraffin embedded tissue. Mutant protein products or point mutation were detected through IHC or PCR-SSCP method. And flow cytometrical (FCM) analysis were performed in the same paraffin blocks to correlate the DNA ploidy and p53 mutation. The following results are summarized. 1. The detection of the p53 gene mutation and overexpression of the p53 protein were measured in 40% and 48%, respectively, in 25 primary tumors, either or both methods was detected in 64%. 2. A concordance rate of the p53 protein expression between the primary and metastatic lesions of 25 breast cancers was 100%, but the concordance rate of the p53 gene mutation was 72%. 3. The correlation between the p53 mutation and the DNA aneuploidy was not statistically significant (p=0.38) 4. A p53 mutation by IHC or PCR-SSCP was more frequently detected in grade III breast cancers than in grade I or II. 5. Among 5 to 9 exons of the p53 gene, exon 7 was the most frequent mutation spot in this study. 6. Additional mutation of the p53 gene was developed in the three metastatic lesions. With the above results it is suggested that the p53 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry is not correlated with the p53 mutation by PCR-SSCP. The p53 mutation pattern between the primary and metastatic lesions are not idenitical and an additional point mutation can occur in the metastatic lesion. The DNA aneuploidy is more frequently detected in the cases with the p53 protein overexpression than in the p53 protein negative, but it is not statistically significant.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA* ; Exons ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutant Proteins ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

The p53 gene, one of the tumor suppressor genes, is believed to play an important role through mutation and overexpression in the progression of various human malignant tumors. To compare the p53 mutation status between the primary and metastatic lesions of breast cancers and to investigate the mutational pattern of p53, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) were performed in 25 cases of breast cancers with paraffin embedded tissue. Mutant protein products or point mutation were detected through IHC or PCR-SSCP method. And flow cytometrical (FCM) analysis were performed in the same paraffin blocks to correlate the DNA ploidy and p53 mutation. The following results are summarized. 1. The detection of the p53 gene mutation and overexpression of the p53 protein were measured in 40% and 48%, respectively, in 25 primary tumors, either or both methods was detected in 64%. 2. A concordance rate of the p53 protein expression between the primary and metastatic lesions of 25 breast cancers was 100%, but the concordance rate of the p53 gene mutation was 72%. 3. The correlation between the p53 mutation and the DNA aneuploidy was not statistically significant (p=0.38) 4. A p53 mutation by IHC or PCR-SSCP was more frequently detected in grade III breast cancers than in grade I or II. 5. Among 5 to 9 exons of the p53 gene, exon 7 was the most frequent mutation spot in this study. 6. Additional mutation of the p53 gene was developed in the three metastatic lesions. With the above results it is suggested that the p53 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry is not correlated with the p53 mutation by PCR-SSCP. The p53 mutation pattern between the primary and metastatic lesions are not idenitical and an additional point mutation can occur in the metastatic lesion. The DNA aneuploidy is more frequently detected in the cases with the p53 protein overexpression than in the p53 protein negative, but it is not statistically significant.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA* ; Exons ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mutant Proteins ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

This report describes the pathologic features of 17 cases of Castleman's disease, examined at the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital during a period from 1973 to 1989. The lesions in 12 cases were hyaline-vascular type and the remainders plasma cell type. The pathologic features favoring the plasma cell type over the hyaline vascular type included a sufficient number to large-sized follicles. However, a histologic overlapping between two types was present. In the hyaline vascular type the age of the patients ranged from 7 to 76 years and they appeared to be no particular sex predominence. The majority of the lesions occurred in the neck and within the chest. Almost all cases presented with a solitary mass except three cases. Neither conventional symptoms nor systemic manifestations were associated. The plasma cell type was characterized by presentation of constitutional symptoms, involvement of intra abdominal and inguinal lymphnodes, in association with unusual clinicopathologic features including IgA nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, systemic progressive sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, and anemia. Immunohistochemical study was performed in three cases of the plasma cell type. Two cases revealed poly-clonal plasma cell infiltration. In a patient with IgA nephropathy, however, serum IgA was increase and a strong immunoreactivity to IgA heavy chain was found. Another case, associated with systemic progressive sclerosis and neuropathy, revealed monoclonal plasma cell infiltration (IgG and lambda light chain). The above results support a possibility that in some of the plasma cell type an altered immune mechanism is involved in its pathogenesis.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Seoul virus* ; Seoul*

In order to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in terminally failing hearts, we screened the explanted hearts of transplantation recipients for the presence of HBV DNA and HCV RNA. DNA and RNA extractions were taken from explanted failing hearts (N=7) and normal hearts (N=). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ PCR of HBV or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ RT-PCR of HCV were performed. The positivity of HBV in failing hearts was 63% (17/27) and it was 50% (3/6) in normal hearts in PCR. There was no significant difference in the positivity of HBV DNA between failing and normal hearts. The positivity of HCV in failing hearts was 18.5% (5/27) and it was 16.7% (1/6) in normal hearts in nested RT-PCR. There was no significant difference in the positivity of HCV RNA between failing and normal hearts. HCV was very rarely observed in explanted terminally failing hearts and HBV was frequently found in both explanted failing hearts and normal hearts. We concluded that these viruses have little direct causal relationship with the development of heart failure.
DNA ; Heart Failure ; Heart* ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Mass Screening* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; RNA

Spinal stenosis is a localized narrowing of spinal canal due to strurctural abnormalities. Its symptoms are obscure, and characterized by chronic, poorly localized, bilateral nerve root compression signs. Computerized tomography(CT) has been accepted as almost an absolute diagnostic method for spinal stenosis after its application in the orthopedic field. During the period of 2 years, from March 1982 to March 1984, 26 cases of spinal stenosis were treated surgically after botlt CT scanning and myelography. We obtained following results about advantage of CT scanning in spinal stenosis. 1. Myelography showed following findings: Hourglass defect 9, Complete block 8, Unilateral focal defect 4, Uniform narrowing 1, Mixed 2, Negative finding 2. Myelographic finding was not specific for spinal stenosis and diagnostic accuracy was inferior to CT. 2. The type of spinal stenosis was identified by CT scan finding. Of 26 cases, 21 cases were degenerative spinal stenosis, of which central stenosis was present in 7 cases, and lateral stenosis was present in all cases. The remaining 5 cases were combined type, and both central and lateral stenosis were present in all cases. 3. The diagnostic accuracy,in localizing the level of stenosis was 61.5% by myelography, and 96.2% by CT scan. CT was especially superior to myelography in the localization of the multi-segmental stenosis. 4. CT gives valuable information about extent and degree of stenosis, especially lateral recess stenosis, thus helping the surgeon to decide on the extent of decompressive lamininectomy preoperatively.
Clothing ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Methods ; Myelography ; Orthopedics ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The treatment of acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament(A.C.L) remains a controversial subject. The purpose of this paper is to show the arthroscopic technique of A.C.L. primary repair with or without augmentation with semitendinosus tendon. Twenty-one patients with acute A.C.L. tear were treated with repair or augmented repair under arthroscopic control from April 1989 to August 1993. Five A.C.L. torn at femoral attachment with intact distal stump were treated with arthoscopic repair alone & 16 A.C.L. torn at substance near the femoral attachment with arthroscopic repair & augmentation with semitendinosus tendon. The patient population included of 16 males and 5 females with an average age 28.3 years. Fifteen patients injuried during sports activity. Postoperative results were evaluated by Lysholm knee score & Hospital for Special Surgery knee scale in average 26 months (range from 12 months to 64 months). All patients were rated as good or excellent result except one patient who had fair result. At follow-up study, testing with KT1000 arthrometer revealed 17 patients had less than 3mm of side to side difference. Second look arthroscopy was performed in 15 patients from 4 to 29 months after repair or augmented repair. Eleven out of these 15 A.C.L. were well healed with good tension 8r. revascularization of graft. Remaining 4 A.C.L. were healed with scar tissue. On the based of this study, arthroscopic repair or augmented repair is very effective treatment for acutely torn A.C.L. near the femoral attachment.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Lysholm Knee Score ; Male ; Sports ; Tears ; Tendons ; Transplants

We reviewed 24 patients who had performed arthroscopic meniscal repair for the treatment off discoid lateral meniscal tear between january 1989 and December 1992. The follow up ranged from 1 year 6 month to 4 year 6 month(average 32month). The mean age was 17.9(range,8-50)years, the patients under 20 years old were 17(cases,71%).Common preoperative clinical symptom was pain on the knee joint(21 cases,87.5%) and click(19 cases,79%).Positive McMurry test was the most common physical examination finding(19 cases, 79%). All the lateral discoid meniscal tears were confirmed by arthroscopy. The mean interval between symptom onset and operation was 18.7 months(range 1 month to 10 year). The types of tear were peripheral (14cases, 58%), complex tear(4cases), longitudinal tear(2cases), transverse tear(2cases), horizontal tear(2cases)and the most common location of tear was posterior horn(1 1cases, 45%). The mean number of suture was four. In operative method, Scases(33%) were performed only meniscorrhaphy and meniscorrhaphy combined with partial meniscectomy was done in 16 cases(67%). According to Ikeuchi's grading system, the result was satisfactory in 21cases, fair in three cases. Second look arthroscopy was done in eleven cases(46%) between post operative 4 months to 2 years(mean, 8.3 months). The arthroscopic examination revealed complete healing of repaired meniscus in eight cases(73%). The remained three cases which were not completely healed was fair result.
Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Physical Examination ; Sutures ; Tears