No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health education needs of mothers who are nurturing children with disabilities. METHOD: A descriptive study was done and the participants were 108 mothers of children with disabilities such being mentally challenged, developmentally delayed or having a disability involving brain damage. The questionnaire was a health education need assessment with 11 categories(58 items) developed by Han et al. The data were analyzed using SPSS program. RESULTS: The mean score for health education needs of the mothers of children with disabilities was 3.83 (SD=0.58) out of a maximum 5. The health education need for acquisition of knowledge and information had the highest score (4.40+/-0.54) followed by health education needs for cognitive development and learning (4.31+/-0.64), interpersonal relationships (4.04+/-0.65) and behavior and emotion (4.04+/-0.79). There were significant differences between the children's sex (t=2.08, p=.04), birth order (t=2.17, p=.03), grade of disability (F=3.32, p=.02) and sex education suitable to the child's in age. CONCLUSION: The health education needs of mothers of children who are disabled were very high and varied. Therefore, it was important to develop comprehensive education programs which include this content and provide opportunities for mothers of children with disabilities to receive this education.
Birth Order ; Brain ; Child* ; Disabled Children* ; Education ; Health Education* ; Humans ; Learning ; Mothers* ; Sex Education ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify the higher-grade primary school children's needs for sexual education. We got the data with open question from 481 children from March to July 1999. We analyzed them according to the framework suggested by the Sex Information and Education Council of USA. The framework involves the six domains such as human development, relationship, personal skills, sexual behavior, sexual health, and society & culture. In the analysis of need for sexual education according to domain, need for human development was highest (79.2 %), after that followed society & culture (8.3 %), sexual health (5.8%), sexual behavior (3.6%), and relationships (3.1%). There was no need for personal skills. By topics, there were needs for puberty (38.0%), reproduction (32.5%), gender roles (6.0%), body image (4.9%), sexual abuse (2.4%) and reproductive health (2.4%). Girls and boys all mostly wanted to know human development 41.0 % and 38.2 % each. Society & culture (3.4 %), sexual behaviour (2.7%), sexual health (2.6%), relationship (2.4%) were domains selected by boys. Girls wanted to know society & culture (4.9%) and 'sexual health (3.2%). Comparing by grade, fourth, fifth and sixth grade children are commonly interested in development, society & culture. Fourth grade children scarcely show attention on the relationship, sexual behaviour and sexual health; meanwhile sixth grade children would like to know sexual behaviour and sexual health. When their grade became higher, they would like to know more precise, concrete and deep information. We suggest that the textbook/guidebook for sexual health for the higher-grade primary school children should be developed considering the sex and grade.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Child* ; Education* ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Human Development ; Humans ; Puberty ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the level of job stress and health status and find out factors affecting the health status among circulation enterprise workers. METHOD: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The subjects were 128 workers whose mean age was 33.2 years. Korean occupational stress questionnaire Short Form was used to measure job stress. Todai Heath Index that was made by Aoki in 1977 and translated by Kim(1997) was used to measure the health status. RESULTS: The total job stress scores of men and woman fell in the lower 50% of Korean workers. Job autonomy and interpersonal conflicts as a subcategories fell in upper level 50% in both men and women and job insecurity fell in the upper level 50% in women. The mean score of health status was 51.47, indicating slightly higher frequency of complains of health symptoms. There was no significant correlation between total job stress and total health status. Finally, factors influencing the health status were organizational system and age. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop comprehensive stress management programs including interventions of personal and organizational levels for promoting workers' health.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the association of family support, self-efficacy, health literacy and perceived health status with health-promoting behavior (HPB) in married immigrant women. METHODS: A cross-sectional based survey was conducted to collect data from married immigrant women living in Gyeongsang province. Questionnaires included Health promoting lifestyle profile II, General self-efficacy scale, Korean Health literacy assessment and perceived health status. RESULTS: 157 subjects participated in the study (mean age, 30.47±6.83). Their duration of living in Korea was 63.05±50.11 months. Of the participants, 59.2% were Vietnamese. The level of HPB, perceived health status, health literacy, support of family and self-efficacy were 2.58±0.42, 3.39±0.86, 25.12± 20.99, 3.83±0.70 and 3.61±0.53 respectively. Factors affecting the HPB of the participants were support from family (β =.45, p<.001) and self-efficacy (β=.16, p<.05). The explanatory power of these two variables was 34.2%. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the factors influencing the HPB of married immigrant women include support from family and self-efficacy. A variety of programs should be provided for families so that they can support those women to help them increase their HPB. It is recommended that more various programs be provided to increase their self-efficacy.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Female ; Health Literacy* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: This study investigated elderly women's health care at doctorless farm villages based on information-about the perception and management of their health. METHOD: Grounded theory method as mapped out by Strauss and Corbin-was used to record and transcribe open-ended interviews. The data from these interviews were analyzed. RESULT: We found 18 categories and 28 sub-categories. In data analysis, the core phenomenon was named "movement in pain". Causal condition as essential prerequisites were aging symptoms, bad state of health, comfortable life to live alone, longevity, deficiency of health care resources, and sub-categories of the phenomena revealed acceptance of discomfort, enduring pain, continuity of movability. Elderly women's health-related activities included enduring as it is, movement consciously, applying resources, difficult in using health medical institutions. Family support, economic level, disease condition, support system of community were influenced to their health-related activities. Consequently, the results indicated that they wanted to accept given life, expected easy death, held out remaining life. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the most important factor of elderly women's health care was "movement in pain". On the basis of this study, we needed to develop diverse nursing implementation plans for maintaining and improving' movability without pain'.
Aged* ; Aging ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Longevity ; Nursing ; Statistics as Topic ; Women's Health*

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to find out factors influencing the health promotion behavior of low-income vulnerable 4th, 5th and 6th-grade elementary school students. The specific goals were: first, to find out difference in health knowledge, self-esteem and health promotion behavior according to general characteristics; second, to investigate the correlations among health knowledge, self-esteem and health promotion; and, third, to analyze factors influencing health promotion behavior. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 137 low-income vulnerable 4th, 5th and 6th-grade elementary school children who were participating after-school programs in Seoul. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in health knowledge, self-esteem and health promotion behavior between girls and boys. In the sub categories, differences were observed in personal hygiene and health responsibility, stress management and personal relationship. The correlation of health promotion behavior with self-esteem and health knowledge was statistically significant. Regression analysis revealed that the influencing factor is self-esteem with the other variables under control. CONCLUSION: Health promotion education requires low-income vulnerable elementary children to increase their self-esteem. We recommend that it should be one of the most effective ways to split boys and girls to educate them in disparate classrooms.
Child ; Education ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Seoul ; Vulnerable Populations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore how older adults kept their health good at a doctorless farm village. METHOD: Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 32 participants who were over 65 years old and analyzed in terms of Strauss and Corbin`s (1990) grounded theory methodology. RESULT: The Core Category of health care of older adults was identified as "enduring physical changes by themselves". The process of this could be divided into 4 stages : the stage of bearing, the stage of managing daily living activities, the stage of passively collecting information and the stage of minimally utilizing health care services. Older adults accepted the aging process positively but health sources limitation passively, so they managed daily living activities and used natural food for health. In addition, they collected information related to health care and used health care services minimally. CONCLUSION: We found that participants managed their health passively because of negative attitudes toward active health behaviors of older adults by themselves and the difficulty of access to health care services. Therefore, various community health services for older adults need to be developed to empower older adults in the community.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; *Health Services for the Aged ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medically Underserved Area ; *Rural Health Services ; Rural Population ; *Self Care

No abstract available.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor* ; Humans* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to provide the fundamental information to prepare better strategies based on the experiences of occupational health care providers who are involved in the Government-funded subsidized occupational health programs for small scale industries. METHODS:The focus group methodology was used in this study.The data was collected using focus group interviews and analyzed in the framework of the Grounded theory method as mapped by Strauss and Corbin(1990). The subjects enrolled in this study included 20 occupational health care providers in the Government-funded subsidized occupational health program for the SSI;6 doctors and 14 nurses. RESULTS: We identified 69 concepts,28 sub-categories and 5 categories(Table 2).The categories were the Program's Goals, Various Services,Difficulties in Implement Services, Program Evaluation,and Suggestions for Alternative Plans. CONCLUSIONS: This program showed that autonomous health management ability has not changed although the possibility for small scale industries to start the health management arose by acknowledging the importance of the health management in the work-place. A successful program should provided a practical service that is planned by the characteristics and the requirements of the workers,a better service than the standard, more visiting times,and a trusting relationship among workers. The occupational health agency's quality and the health manager's specialty needs to be improved and the health manager's authority should be consolidated. An actively cooperative triangular relation among the Labor Department/KOSHA, service organizations, and the workplace is required.In addition,alternative plans were suggested.These included various programs for planning an autonomous service suitable for the quality of the workplaces,a model set-up suitable for the quality of the workplaces,and a role model set-up for the health manager.
Focus Groups* ; Occupational Health* ; Program Evaluation