A Cerebrovascular accident(CVA), or Stroke is a medical emergency that occurred when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or blocked. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder. Also the stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness, sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between perceived social support and hope of stroke survivors. The subjects for this study were 100 out-patients with stroke in one general hospital and oriental medicine hospital located in Mokpo. The data were analysed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Data were collected from July 11 to September 9, 2000, using a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study: The social support scale developed by Park, Ji-won(1985) and the hope scale developed by Miller(1988). The results were as follows. 1. It was found that the higher the degree of perceived social support, the higher the degree of hope(r= .726, p= .000). Therefore hypothesis was supported. 2. The mean score of perceived social support was n.8(SD=21.0) with a score range from 27.0 to 104.0. 3. The mean score of perceived hope was 117.0(SD=25.7) with a score range from 57.0 to 160.0. 4. The level of social support depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=3.131. p= .010), degree of income satisfaction(F= 16.027, p= ,000). 5. The level of hope depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=2.681. p= .040), current job(t=-2.055, p= .043) degree of income, satisfaction(F=11.363, p= .000). For these subjects, there was a significant relationship between social support and hope. The stroke survivors need social support to inspire their hope. Nurses should plan interventions to enhance social support for patients with stroke. The above results may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and rehabilitation for the patients with stroke.
Brain ; Emergencies ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Hope* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke* ; Survivors*

The study was undertaken to evaluate the alteration of thermal enhancement ratio as a function of timeintervals between two split dose hyperthermias followed by irradiation. For the experiments, 330 mice were dividedinto 3 groups; the first, 72 mice were used to evaluate the heat reaction by single dose hyperthermia and heatresistance by split dose hyperthermia, the second, 36 mice were used to evaluate the radiation reaction byirradiation only, and the third, 222 mice were used for TER observation by comibination of single dosehyperthermia and irradiation , and TER alteration by combination of split dose hyperthermia and irradiation. Foreach group the skin reaction score of mouse tail was used for observation and evaluation of the results of heatand irradiation. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The heating time resulting 50% necrosis(ND 50)was 101 minutes in 43degrees centigrade and 24 minutes in 45degrees centigrade hyperthermia, which indicated thatthere is reciprocal proportion between temperature and heating time. 2. Development of heat resistance wasobserved by split dose hyperthermia. 3. The degree of skin reaction by irradiation only was increasedporportionally as a function of radiation dose, and calculated radiation dose corresponding to skin score 1.5(D1.5) was 4,137 rads. 4. Obtained thermal enhancement ratio by combination of single dose hyperthermia andirradiation was increased proportionally as a function of heating time. 5. Thermal enhancement ratio was decreasedby combination of split dose hyperthermia and irradiation , which was less intense and lasted longer thandevelopment of heat resistance. In summary, these studies indicate that the alteration of thermal enhancementratio has influence on heat resistance by split dose hyperthermia and irradiation.
Animals ; Fever ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Mice ; Skin ; Tail

Chest CT scans of 70 patents with malignant lymphoma were reviewed to evaluate the thoacic manifestation of malignant lymphoma. Sixteen patients had Hodgkin's disease and 54 patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The thoracic involvement of malignant lymphoma was observed i 47 patients (67.1%) and 11 of these patients had Hodgkin's disease, and 36 had non-Hodgkin's lympoma. The most common finding was mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the most frequently involved sites were anterior mediastinal and paratracheal lymph nodes. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement was seen in 11 patients (15.7%), and CT scan showed thickening of bronchovascular bundle, parenchymal consolidation and nodules. Pleural effusion was seen in 18 patients (25.7%), however, without any evidence of parietal pleural thickening in all cases. Involvement of chest wall and breast was seen in two patient(2.9%). The data obtained through the current study showed no differences from those of previous reports, except the fact that there was no CT evidence of pleural thickening in patients who had pleural effusion.
Breast ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Pleural Effusion ; Rabeprazole ; Thoracic Wall ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Asthma*

Demand for high quality medical care has recently been increasing in step with high level of income and education. Patients prefer the use of large general hospitals to small community hospitals. Large hospitals, usually located at urban area, expand their capacities to cope with the increasing demand, therefore, they easily secure revenue necessary for growth and development of hospitals. However, small community hospitals are facing with serious financial difficulties caused from the reduction of patients in one hand and the inflation of cost in another. If small rural hospitals were closed, the closure would have negative impacts on local economies in addition to the decrease in access to medical care. Community leaders should have an insight on the contribution of community hospitals to local economies. They could make a rational decision on the hospital closure only with the understanding of hospital's contribution to the community. This study is designed to develop an economic model to estimate the contribution of rural hospital to local economies, and also to apply this model with a specific hospital. The contribution of a hospital to local economies consists of two elements, direct effect and multiplier effects. The direct impacts include hospital's local purchasing power, employee's local purchasing power, and the consumption of patients coming from outside the community. The direct impact induces multiplication effect in the local economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the region. This study estimated the direct effect with the data of expenditure of the case hospital. The total effect was calculated by multiplied the direct effect with a multiplier. The multiplier was drown from the ratio of marginal propensity of income and expenditure. Beside the estimation of the total impacts, the economic effect from the external resources was also analyzed by the use of the ratio of patients coming outside the region. The results are as follows. 1. The direct economic contribution of the hospital to the local economy is 1,104 million won. 2. The value of multiplier in the region is 2.976. 3. The total economic effect is 3,286 million won, and the multiplication effect is 2,182 million won. 4. The economic contribution from the external resources is 245 million won which is 7.5% of the total economic effect.
Education ; Growth and Development ; Hand ; Health Expenditures ; Health Facility Closure ; Hospitals, Community ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, Rural* ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Models, Economic

Infantile form of histiocytosis X is commonly presented as multiorgan desseminated form such as Letterer-Siwe disease. Lymph node involvement of histiocytosis X is usually accompanied by adjacent bone or skin lesion. Solitary nodal eosinophilic granuloma without evidence of other organ involvement is very rare. A case herein report is a 11 month-old female infant presented with fever and palpable both inguinal lymph nodes. There was neither skin lesion nor hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory evaluation was within normal range except increased alkaline phosphatase and many neutrophils in urine. Radiologic examination revealed no remarkable bone lesions. And she showed good clinical outcome without evidence of other organ involvements. On microscopic examination of inguinal lymph node it was replaced by infiltration of histiocytes mainly along the sinusoid. Some of histiocytes showed morphologic features of "histiocytosis X cell" having nuclear grooves or multilobulation. Multinulceated giant cells were frequently see. Numerous eosinphils were also infiltrated and showed multifocal microabscess formation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that majority of histiocytes were postitive for S-100 protein but multinucleated histriocytes, phagocytic histiocytes and those around the abscess were positive for macrophage marker, suck as CD68 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Interestingly some histiocytes showed positivity for both S-100 protein and macrophage marker. These results suggest that histiocytosis X is proliferative disorder of phenotypically heterogenous population of histiocytes in contrast to the theory that it is a proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Clinical survey was performed on 413 cases of twin pregnancies and their 816 twin babies who were born at IlSin Christian Hospital during 5years from January 1987 to December 1991. The result of study was as follows: 1) there was 413 twin pregnancies among 40,711 deliveries, so the incidence of twins was 1:98.6. Average male-female sex ratio of twins was 1.3:1, same sex pairs rate was 86% and different sex ratio was 14%. 2) The incidence of relation with maternal age was highest between 25 years old and 29 years old but the ratio of twin delivery to total delivery was 0.9% so, was not higher than other age group. 3) The incidence of relation with maternal parity was highest at first pregnancy but the ratio of twin delivery to total delivery was highest at second pregnancies. 4) Normal birth weight infants were 45.7%, low birth weight infants were 54.3% and very low birth weight infants was 9.3%. Fullt-erm infants were 63.7% and prematurity were 35.4%. 5) The incidence of feto-fetal transfusion was 7.3%. 6) Perinatal death rate was 76.3 and was more higher in second babies. The most common cause of perinatal death was prematurity, followed by respiratory complication, congenital anomaly, infection and asphyxia. Still-births were 8 cases.
Adult ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Maternal Age ; Mortality ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Sex Ratio ; Twins*

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify that Rooming-in of new mothers have an influence on continuous breast feeding. METHOD: This is a comparative survey study which was done by self reported questionnaire and telephone contacts. The subjects are collected from two groups which consist of 29 in Rooming-in group and 24 in Non-Rooming-in group respectively. The data were collected method of this study was lists of given to mothers while they were in the hospital and interviews by telephone were done at their home 3 months and 6 months after delivery. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The rates of breast feeding were 79.3% in the Rooming-in group and 41.7% in the non-Rooming-in group after 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(chi2=10.217, p=.009). 2. The rates of breast feeding were 69.0% in the Rooming-in group and 29.2% in the Non-Rooming-in group at 6 months. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(chi-square=10.310, p=.012). CONCLUSION: Rooming-in system provoke an increase of the breast feeding rate in new mothers and encourage them to keep breast feeding. In addition, it would be desirable that hospitals apply Rooming-in system actively and encourage new mothers to breast feed for 24 hours a day. It could be make breast feeding successful.
Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Humans ; Mothers ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Telephone

To evaluate the clinical and histopathological significance of electron dense deposits on capillary in IgA nephropathy, we reviewed and compared the clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of the patients with IgA nephropathy without loop extension of electron dense deposits(Group I, 91 cases) and IgA nephropathy with loop extension(Group II, 17cases) by ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscope. IgA nephropathy associated with liver disease, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus and the other IgA nephropathies associated with systemic diseases were excluded. The results were as follows; 1) There was no significant difference in age distribution. 2) Generalized edema was more common in group II. 3) Nephrotic ranged proteinuria(>3 g/24hr urine) was more prominent in Group II(52.9%) than Group I(8.8%). 4) Among the groups, segmental or mild deposits on the loops were noted in 13 cases, and severe and generalized deposits in 4 cases. Subendothelial deposits were noted in 6 cases, subepithelial deposits in 3 cases, subendothelial with intramembranous deposits in 1 case, subendothelial with subepithelial deposits in 1 case, intramembranous with subepithelial deposits in 2 cases, and subendothelial, subepithelial and intramembranous deposits in 4 cases. 5) The other associated ultrastructural changes of group II were diffuse effacement of foot processes with microvillous transformation, swelling or vacuolar degeneration of podocytes and glomerular endothelium. 6) According to the WHO morphologic criteria, the grade of Group II was significantly higher than Group I. From the above results, it can be concluded that the extension of electron dense deposits along the capillary loops in the cases of IgA nephropathy is highly correlated with proteinuria in the nephrotic ranged. It seems to be a poor prognostic indicator in view of the facts that it correlats with high histopathologic grading.