Because sex hormones influence the lower urinary tract, menopause can cause several urinary diseases including overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infection. However, the results of many clinical studies have indicated that menopausal hormone replacement therapy is not effective for the treatment of previous diseases, especially via the oral route. Although estrogen vaginal cream or pessary is an effective treatment for overactive bladders and can prevent recurrent urinary tract infection, its beneficial effects only last for the duration of the treatment. If patients with previous mentioned urologic disease have other local symptoms and conditions, such as atrophic vaginitis and dyspareunia, local estrogen replacement therapy will be helpful in relieving the local symptoms. However, the potential for breast cancer or return of withdrawal of bleeding, patient's age, adverse effect of systemic administration, estrogen-progesterone combination therapy, and effectiveness among other treatment modalities must be considered before a treatment decision can be made. In this article, we will review the current issues on the relationship among urinary tract and sex hormone and menopause, and the effectiveness of menopausal hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of overactive bladders, stress urinary tract incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infection.
Atrophic Vaginitis ; Breast Neoplasms ; Dyspareunia ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Hemorrhage ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menopause ; Pessaries ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urologic Diseases ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies

PURPOSE: To analyse the risk factors for recurrence of hemangiomas in extremities after surgical treatment and to compare with those of trunk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 cases of hemangioma with surgical treatments from June 1998 to September 2009 were analysed. 53 cases with surgical treatment on trunk in the same period were set to be the control group. We analyze several factors: age, location, site, size, histologic types and correlation between recurrence and each risk factor using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Recurrence rate was 11.7% in extremities and 9.4% in trunk. There were no correlation between recurrence and age, site, size, histologic type. But, there was stastically significant correlation between recurrence rate and location, especially hand, forearm, feet in extremities and head and neck in trunk. CONCLUSION: Recurrence after surgical treatment of hemangioma is highly prevalent in anatomical location such as, hand, foot and forearm those are difficult to achieve complete resection because of close to neurovascular structures. Careful observation should be needed owing to incomplete resection can occurs recurrence.
Extremities ; Foot ; Forearm ; Hand ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Logistic Models ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

Adhesions represent a significant cause of morbidity for post-operative patients. Most gynecologic surgical procedures are associated with pelvic adhesions that may cause small bowel obstruction, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and difficulties in post-operative treatment. Gynecologic surgical procedures in elderly women are more risky because of post-operative morbidity and mortality due to pre-existing diseases. Menopause marks the onset of the senile stage. After menopause, hormonal changes occur. This article will review the current issues about adjunctive methods to prevent post-operative adhesion formation and the correlation between hormone changes and adhesion formation.
Aged ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Infertility ; Menopause ; Pelvic Pain

Since human listeriosis was firstly described by Nyfeldt in 1929, Listeria monocytogenes as a cause of septic abortion has been well known. It primarily affects pregnant woman and neonates, the elderly, and persons with immune-system dysfunction due to immunosuppressive drugs, malignant tumors or AIDS. Although several large epidemic listeriosis have been reported in the English literatures, it is still an underdiagnosed and underreported cause of congenital sepsis and septic abortion, because it is not always easy to isolate the organism in culture. There are 17 cases reports of Listeria monocytogenes infection in Korea, however, most of which were described about the bascteriologically proven cases. We describe placental findings of a septic abortion caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 15 weeks gestation in a 23-year-old primigravida woman. Placental examination showed characteristic and relatively specific patterns of granulomatous microabscesses composed of necrotic nuclear debris in the center and surrounding epithelioid histocytes enmeshed in fibrin between the acutely inflamed villi. There were numerous gram positive bacilli on Brown-Brenn stain.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Lipodystrophy*

Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) of infancy and early childhood. We analyzed clinical and radiological features of 76 patients with lower respiratory infections by respiratory syncytial virus, which were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescent test or culture of nasal aspirate in Hep-2 cell monolayer, during the period of January-December, 1991. There were peaks of incidences in March-May and November-December, accounting for 87% of eases. Sixty-two cases (82%) were under 1 year of age. Fifty cases(66%) had underlying diseases. Major radiographical findings were overaeration (83%), parahilar peribronchial infiltrates(67%), segmental or subsegmental atelectasis(32%), and segmental or lobar consolidation(16%). In 15 cases(20%), overaeration was the only radiological findings. There was no evidence of pleural effusion or hilar lymph node enlargement in all cases. By considerig clinical features(symptoms, age. Underlying diseases, epidemic seasons) in addition to the radiological findings, radiologists would be familiar with lower respiratory infection by respiratory syncytial virus. Air space consolidation, which is generally though to represent bacterial pneumonia, is also observed not infrequently in respiratory syncytial virus infections.
Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Respiratory Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Bronchiectasis* ; Humans ; Infant*

Conjoined twins occur when there is imcomplete fission of the inner cell mass later at approximately 13 to 15 days after fertilization. The earlist case in the literat.ure appears to be that of the Biddenden Maids who were born in England in 1100. since then over two hundred cases of successful separation were reported on literature. And also successful separation cases were reported by Seung et al.(1991) in Korea. Conjoined twins occur between one in 50,000 to 100,000 births but real incidence is one in 200,000 because two thirds are stillbirth or died immediately after birth. The conjoined twins are not associated with maternal age, race or family history and 70 % of them are females. We experienced a case of conjoined twins with omphalopagus and performed surgical separation. A brief review of related literatures was done.
Animals ; Continental Population Groups ; England ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Parturition ; Stillbirth ; Twins, Conjoined*

No abstract available.
Nocardia Infections*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the construct equivalence of the general five factors of health behavior and to compare the latent means between adolescents with a health problem and those without in Korea. METHODS: The 2009 KYRBS (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey) data were used for the analysis. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale had configural, metric, and scalar invariances across the existence of health problems in adolescents. RESULTS: Configural, metric, and factor invariances were satisfied for the latent mean analysis (LMA) between adolescents with health problem and those without. Adolescents with health problem and those without were not different in the LMA of all factors. CONCLUSION: Health providers should give more interest to the group of adolescents with health problems and consider prudential school life to the same group.
Adolescent* ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Risk-Taking