Background: Maximizing peak bone mass is advocated as a way to prevent osteoporosis. As a prerequisite to the elaboration of any preventive program aimed at rnaximizing peak bone mass, it is important to determine how the rate of skeletal growth at elinically relevant sites, such as lumbar spine(LS), femoral neck(FN), proceeds in relation to age and pubertal stages in both sexes. The present study was performed to measure bone mineral density(BMD) of Korean children and adolescents and to assess the influence of age, sex, puberty and body size on bone mineral density (BMD) during the period of bone growth. Method: Lumbar spine(LS), femoral neck(FN) BMD were measured in 199 healthy males and fernales 7~23 years of age using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), Tanner staging(TS) was used to assess stage of puberty. Results: Anthropometric measurements generally increased with tanner stage in both sexes. Sex differences were observed. In males, compared to females there were significantly higher in height(TS1, TS3, TS4, TS5), weight(TS1, TS3, TS5), dorsal hand skinfold thickness(TS1, TS5), and lean body mass(TS1, TS3, TS4, TS5): while in females, compared to males there were significantly higher in BMI(TS4), skinfold thickness except dorsal hand and fat %(TS3-TS5), and total fat mass(TS3, TS4)(p Adolescent ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Bone Development ; Child ; Female ; Hand ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Miners ; Osteoporosis ; Puberty ; Sex Characteristics ; Skinfold Thickness

Pneumocephalus is a rare complication of anesthetic procedures involving the epidural space. With the loss of resistance technique using air, air may be injected in through the dural puncture site. Epidural blood patch was performed for the treatment of post-lumbar puncture headache, and 10 minutes after the treatment, 8 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride was injected through epidural catheter. Loss of consciousness and apnea were developed about 8 minutes after injection of local anesthetics. Computerized tomographic brain scan revealed the presence of air within intracranial cavity. Pneumocephalus may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. It generally responds well to conservative management. The patient did not complain of a headache. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the seventh day postpartum with no neurologic sequelae.
Anesthetics, Local ; Apnea ; Blood Patch, Epidural ; Brain ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Epidural Space ; Headache ; Humans ; Pneumocephalus* ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache ; Postpartum Period ; Punctures* ; Unconsciousness

No abstract available.
Evidence-Based Medicine* ; Korea*

The followings are the results of the study on industrial accidents occurred at 12 factories manufacturing metal products during the period of 2 years from January 1980 to December 1981 in the area of Yong-Dung-Po in Seoul. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The incidence rate of industrial injuries was 45.7 per 1, 000 workers, of the sample group and the rate of male (54.0) was three times higher than that of female ('17.5). 2. In age groups, the highest rate was observed in the group of under 19 years old with 83.5, awhile the lowest in the group of 40s. 3. It was found that those who had short term of work experience produced a higher rate of injuries, particularly, the group of workers with less than 1 year of experience showed the highest rate of it as 48.1%. 4. In working time, the highest incidence rate occurred 3 and 7 hours after the beginning of their working showing the rate of 6. 0 and 6. 1 per 1, 000 workers, respectively. 5. The highest incidence rate was observed on Monday as 8.4 per 1, 000 workers, and it was 18.3% in aspect of the days of a week. 6. in aspect of the months of a year, the highest incidence was observed on July as 5.4 per 1, 000 workers and the next was on March as 4. 8. These figures account for 11.8% and 10.5 of total occurrence in respective month. 7. In causes of injuries, the accident caused by power driver: machinery showed the highest rate with 37.5%, the second was due to handling without machinery with 17.2%, and the third was due to falling objects with 14.2%, and striking against objects with 10.2%, and so on. 8. By parts of the body affected, the mist injuries 84.3% of them occurred on both upper and lower extremities with the rate of 58.8% for the former and 25.5% for the latter. Fingers were most frequently injured with a rate of 40.3%. Comparing the sites of extremities affected, rate of injuries on the right side was 55.0% and 45.0% on the left sloe. 9. In the nature of injury, laceration and open wound were the highest w th 34.0%, the next was fracture and dislocation with 31.90, and sprain was the third with 8, 10. On the duration of treatment, it lasted less than one month in 68. 9~, of the injured cases, of which 14.5% of~the cases were recovered within 2 weeks, and 54.4% of them were treated more than 2 weeks. And the duration of the treatment tended to be prolot~ ged in larger industries. 11. The ratio of insured accidents to uninsured accidents was 1 to 4.7.
Accidents, Occupational ; Dislocations ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Extremities ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Medically Uninsured ; Seoul* ; Sprains and Strains ; Strikes, Employee ; Wounds and Injuries ; Young Adult

The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of cephalosporin derivatives, (cephaloridine, cefazolin sodium, cephradine, cephapirin aodium, cephacetrile sodium, and cephalexin from various Korean drug companies) for Staphykcoccus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was measured by the tube dilution method, using Mueller-Hinton broth. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The MIC of each individual cephalosporin derivative, although produced by different manufacturers, was similiar or equal. 2) Against Staphyloeoccus aureus, cephaloridine and cephapirin had the lowest MIC while cephradine and, cephalexin the highest. Against E. coli, cephaloridine and cefazolin had the lowest MIC while cephradine and cephalexin the highest. 3) The MIC against Staphylococcus aureus was l5.6 to 250 times lower than that against E. coli in all cephalosporin derivatives. 4) The MIC against Staphylococcus aureus ranges from 0.0125 to l.0ug/ml and against E. coli from 1. 56 to 25ug/ml in all cephalasporin derivatives.
Cefazolin ; Cephacetrile ; Cephalexin ; Cephaloridine ; Cephapirin ; Cephradine ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.
Stents* ; Sutures* ; Vasovasostomy*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Education* ; Health Behavior*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male* ; Sterilization ; Sterilization, Reproductive*

This study tried to find the prevalence and distribution of temporo-mandibulr disorders(TMD) for workers (employee) in Seoul area to investigate the correlation between TMD and possible etiological factors such as general muscle and joint symptoms, headache, unilateral chewing and parafunction. This study was an epidemiological investigation of answers obtained from 282 persons by questionaire from Aug. 1995 to Nov. 1995. The major findings from the questionaire were as follows. (1) 43.26% of the subjects(282 persons) has TMD. (41.88% of man and 43.26% of women) (2) The more often people have general muscle and joint symptoms and -headache, the more susceptible they are to TMD. Their correlation was very significant(p<0.001). (3) The more people have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit, the more likely they have TMD. The more sensitive people are to stress, the more frequently they have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit. (4) Unilateral chewing has higher TMD index than bilateral chewing. There is no relationship between ache areas and TMD index.
Bruxism ; Epidemiology* ; Headache ; Humans ; Joints ; Mastication ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Vasectomy as a male sterilization has become increasingly popular as one of methods of planned parenthood in many countries including Korea. In this presentation the subject of an overview of male sterilization consists of mainly technical aspects of the ordinary vasectomy and vasovasostomy. the principle of vasectomy is same but some many different technics have been reported and utilized. specific differences are found in technics for immobilizing the vas for making the scrotal incision. for treating the cut ends of vasa, and for removing segments of vas Therefore the author discusses some important factors so as to provide complete protection against the passage of sperm without any failure and to improve the chances of later reversibility according to his experiences of over 7000 vasectomies and 200 vasovasostomis. In the part of ordinary vasectomy procedure, various items such as ideal operative level local anesthesia immobilization of the vas skin incision isolation for the vas treatments of the cut ends of vas prevention of hematoma formation disappearance rate of residual sperm immediate sterility technic complication psychological effects and antibodies following vasectomy are reviewed. In the part of vasovasostomy numerous factors such as operative technics splint various factors for the successful operation overall success rates and low pregnancy rates are discussed and compared with the author's series.
Anesthesia, Local ; Antibodies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Infertility ; Korea ; Male* ; Pregnancy Rate ; Skin ; Spermatozoa ; Splints ; Sterilization ; Sterilization, Reproductive* ; Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy