No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mitogens*

Since Oct. 1, 1983 until April 15, 1986, authors analyzed variable combined imaging diagnosis andhistopathologic correlation for confirmed 100 breast carcinoma among 2773 patients whom authors took care of them.1. Incidence of female breast carcinoma was 3.6% among 2773 patients who visited Yong Dong Severance Hospital, andoverall breast carcinoma occupied 29.7% among 337 confirmed breast diseases. 2. Prevalent cancer age for Koreanwomen breast carcinoma was ages between 40-49 years old(42%) however authors experienced 5% breast carcinoma amongtwentieth, and 22% breast carcioma among thirtieth. 3. Most common histopathologic type for breast carcinoma wasinfiltrating ductal carcinoma, scirrhous type(65). And most common breast parenchymal pattern related to breastcarcinoma was DY pattern(42%) followed by N1 pattern(25%). 4. Common film mammographic findings of breastcarcinoma were: ill defined bordered mass(68.4%), spiculation of mass(82.9%), vessel dilatation (59.8%) and thencalcification (44.4%). 5. Frequently visible ultramammographic findings were; irregular mass contour(79.6%),nonuniform internal echoes(87.0%), and posterior wall shadowing (86.0%). 6. Trials of above combined imagingmodalities for breast carcinoma resulted in his sensitivity of diagnosis(93.3%).
Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Shadowing (Histology)

The purpose of this study is to seek the nursing intervention for the elderly people's positive lives by investigating the causes for their loss and its meanings. The method of this research derives from a phenomenological tool as a qualitative research design. The data collection had been performed from February, 2001 until August, 2001 through systematic interviews and participatory observations of six elderly people (4 elderly women and 2 elderly men) residing in downtown Seoul. It took one and a half hour for each interview arranged five times. The analysis of this research is based upon Giorgi method and the research results on the causes for elderly people's sense of loss and its meaning are as follows. 1) bitter disappointment of family members : unfaithful children, husband's infidelity, conflict with daughter-inlaw, economic hardships. 2) bereavement : loss of spouse or children, a sense of one's own mortality. 3) regret for the past : sorrowful things, unfair treatment, a sense of resentment, a sense of futility, a feeling of helplessness, despair, resignation. 4) unpleasant memories of others : hurt of self-esteem, hostile feelings aroused by betrayal or distrust. 5) grief of lost youth : loss of health, hard married life, unlucky fate. 6) sense of another superable life : regret, awareness, maturity through suffering. As a person ages, the number of deaths of close friends and family members usually increases. The occurrence of such multiple losses can cause the elderly to become overwhelmed by the events. Care givers need to be sensitive to these losses and need to be aware that the elderly can experience an overload of grief. Counselling can often be useful in helping them to come to terms with such multiple losses.
Adolescent ; Aged* ; Bereavement ; Caregivers ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Friends ; Grief ; Humans ; Medical Futility ; Mortality ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: This study sought to find a nursing intervention tool for enhancing elderly women's lives by investigating the causes and the meaning of their grief. METHOD: This research was derived from a phenomenological tool such as qualitative research design. The data collection took place from December of 2000 until April of 2001 Through systematic interviews and participatory observations of five elderly women attending C welfare center located in downtown Seoul the data was collected. Each interview lasted an hour and a half and was arranged five times. The analysis of this research was conducted using the Giorgi method. RESULTS: (1) There was obvious physical and physiological decline caused by aging old; as well as there being spouse health problems, additional physical suffering, signs of senility, adn insomnia, (2) Further grief was imposed by unpleasant memories of the spouse; infidelity, incapability, and even disregard of her own well-being, (3) Then there was pity for children; unfaithful children, uncertain futures of the children, and early death of a child, (4) Also, regrettable fate, painful daily acttrities, unreliable factors, bad circumstances, and feelings emptiness were reported, (5) Finally, anxiety for the future; ac sense of despair, loneliness, economic hardship, and the fear of imminent death increased grief levels. CONCLUSION: A variety of programs and social meetings for the elderly to overcome their physiological or psychological crisis should be substantially developed and supported by the government. In order to implement the social welfare for the elderly women, special consideration whether on the governmental level or the personal level, should be devoted to the elderly who live without any financial support or social concern.
Aged* ; Aging ; Anxiety ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Financial Support ; Grief* ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Seoul ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Social Welfare ; Spouses

Poor R-Wave Progression(PRWP) of precordial leads is frequently encountered electrocardiographic findings of uncertain significance and has simply been deemed as suggestion of anterior myocardial infarction without concrete ground. 217 cases with poor R-Wave Progression have been analyzed on clinical records and results are as follows. 1) PRWP was most frequently found in fifties and sixities, comprising 63.9% of the subjects. 2) Co-existent disease entities with PRWP were classified into three categories, cardiovascular diseases, chronic lung diseases and normal variants. 3) The cardiovascular diseases related with PRWP were mainly hypertensive diseases, comprising 59.8% of cardiovascular diseases, followed by ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. 4) PRWP may be an early sign of acute myocardial infarction in a certain part of cases, which was endorsed by typical clinical symptoms and enzyme studies. 5) As the criterion of PRWP, V3R equal to or less than 3 mm was thought more adequate for higher specificity rather than 4 mm.
Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Lung Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Membrane Disease* ; Infant, Newborn ; Pneumothorax* ; Respiration, Artificial*

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus* ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans*