Radiographic increase in the size of tibial and femoral tunnels has been observed following the reconstruction of the ACL with a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. The purpose of this study is to determine if any differences exist in the amount of enlargement of the bone tunnel with the clinical results and to know the factors which affected to the enlargement of the bone tunnels. Total 27 patients were retrospectively reviewed for tunnel enlargement radiographically at one year after operation. Anteroposterior and lateral x-ray were obtained and the tunnel were measured by two independent observers. The measurements were made at the widest part of the tunnel. The distance between tibial interference screw and knee joint line also measured. Correction for magnification was performed by comparing the measured width of the interference screw used for fixation of the graft with its actual width. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon rank sum test. The radiographic tunnel enlargement was an average of 1.7+/-1.3mm for the femur and 1.9+/-0.8mm for the tibia. The proximal migration of the tibial interference screw was an average of 2.3++/-1.1 mm. There was no statistically significant correlation between the changes in tunnel diameter and either the modified Hughston knee score, Lysholm knee score, or the joint laxity measured by a KT-2000 arthrometer, Lachman test. There were no correlations between the mild proximal migration of the tibial interference screw and the clinical results. Conclusively, the tunnel enlargement and mild proximal migration of the interference screw did not appear to affect the functional outcome adversely. It needs longer follow up for the evaluation of etiology and natural history of this tunnel enlargement.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Autografts ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Natural History ; Patellar Ligament* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Reye Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical outcomes of silicone tube intubation according to the site of resistance to lacrimal duct probing in complete or partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients. METHODS: This study included 102 eyes of 72 patients who were diagnosed with complete or partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction and who underwent silicone tube intubation. According to the site of resistant to nasolacrimal duct probing, eyes were divided into proximal resistance (Group I), distal resistance (Group II) and both side resistance (Group III). The success rate was estimated based on functional (symptom relief) and anatomical (normalization of tear meniscus) success. RESULTS: The success rates in Group I, Group II, and Group III were 53.1%, 78.8%, and 27.0%, respectively, showing that Group II attained the highest success rate (Pearson chi-square test, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In cases of only distal resistance to lacrimal probing without dacryocystography, silicone tube intubation should be performed with expectation of good clinical outcomes, even if complete nasolacrimal obstruction was suspected on syringing.
Humans ; Intubation* ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Silicones*

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical outcomes of silicone tube intubation according to the site of resistance to lacrimal duct probing in complete or partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients. METHODS: This study included 102 eyes of 72 patients who were diagnosed with complete or partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction and who underwent silicone tube intubation. According to the site of resistant to nasolacrimal duct probing, eyes were divided into proximal resistance (Group I), distal resistance (Group II) and both side resistance (Group III). The success rate was estimated based on functional (symptom relief) and anatomical (normalization of tear meniscus) success. RESULTS: The success rates in Group I, Group II, and Group III were 53.1%, 78.8%, and 27.0%, respectively, showing that Group II attained the highest success rate (Pearson chi-square test, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In cases of only distal resistance to lacrimal probing without dacryocystography, silicone tube intubation should be performed with expectation of good clinical outcomes, even if complete nasolacrimal obstruction was suspected on syringing.
Humans ; Intubation* ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Silicones*

Laryngeal diseases have a significant impact on quality of life and often require timely and accurate diagnosis for effective management. Conventional methods of diagnosis, such as manual inspection of laryngoscopic images, have limitations in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques in laryngoscopic image analysis has emerged as a promising approach to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline workflow, and improve patient outcomes. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the recent advancements in AI-driven laryngoscopic image analysis for the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases, also covering methodologies, challenges, and future prospects.

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of CsA in Korean patients with severe AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 16 patients with recalcitrant AD took CsA for at least 6 weeks. Among them, 11 patients were followed up for more than 16 weeks. Initial dose was 5mg/kg/day (maximum 300 mg/day) and the dose was reduced according to their therapeutic responses. SCORAD (Scoring AD) was used to evaluate clinical efficacy of CsA. During the 1st month of therapy, the therapeutic efficacy and side-effects were evaluated every 2weeks and after 1 month, every month. We checked blood pressure and laboratory abnormalities including liver function test, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and urinalysis at each visit in addition to observing clinical adverse effects. RESULTS: Significant reduction of SCORAD was noted in 15 patients after 6 weeks of CsA therapy. Only one patient stopped CsA therapy because of the elevation of blood pressure. Three patients showed albuminuria, which disappeared after CsA dose reduction. CONCLUSION: CsA can be used effectively and safely in severe Korean AD patients. Albuminuria seems to be a peculiar side-effect in Korean patients.
Albuminuria ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Urinalysis

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare tumor of the skin. A case report of an eccrine porocarcinoma metastasizing to epidural space of spinal cord and inguinal area with a nine year follow up is described. The patient had a nodular growth of the abdomen with both inguinal lymphadenopathy three years before its first excision. After a follow up of nine years, he complained a weakness of lower extremities and back pain. Extradural mass of 10th thoracic vertebra and left inguinal mass were found. Subsequently, the masses histologically identical to the skin tumor were found.
Abdomen* ; Back Pain ; Eccrine Porocarcinoma* ; Epidural Space ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Skin ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

The authors report a case of hepatic anthracosis, which was found incidentally during cholecystectomy in a 73 year-old woman with acute cholecystitis. Hepatic anthracosis is a very rare condition among pigmentary lesions of the liver. Light microscopic examination revealed black granular pigments within Kupffer cells, particularly adjacent to the terminal hepatic venules, and macrophages at the portal tracts. The pigments did not show birefringence under the polarizing microscope and did fade out following pretreatment with alcoholic picric acid, confirming themselves anthracotic pigments.
Female ; Humans

Primary pulmonary hemangiopericytoma is a rare, potentially malignant tumor and assumes more malignant course than that originated in the soft tissue. It can be asymtomatic until attaining a large size within the lung. We report a case of malignant hemangiopericytoma of the lung in a 29 year old man. It represented as a sharply demarcated, huge homogeneous opaque mass in the right upper lobe. The cytologic and histologic features were that of malignant hemangiopericytoma.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that regular exercise may increase bone mineral density. However, the effects on bone mineral density are different depending on the types of exercises and recent studies on the effects of different exercises on bone mineral density are insufficient. This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2 different exercises(Judo, Taekwondo) and physical fitness(back muscle strength, grip strength, broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, sit ups) on regional BMD. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers aged 19 to 22 years and consisted of eight Judo athletes, twelve Taekwondo athletes, and eight nonathletic controls. We measured their bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, Wards triangle, femoral shaft and distal radius using dual energy X ray absorptiometry and assessed their physical fitness. We investigated the mean differences of regional bone mineral density between the groups and the relationships between physical fitness and regional bone mineral density. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that there were significant differences in the regional bone mineral density between the groups. The Judo athletes group had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft, distal radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine than the control group and had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft and distal radius.than the Taekwondo atheletes group. There were no significant differences of bone density in all the regions between the Taekwondo atheletes and the control groups. Partial correlation coefficients between the back muscle strength and the bone density of Wards triangle, greater trochanter, distal radius, femoral neck, femoral shaft, and lumbar were 0.581, 0.570, 0.526, 0.502, 0.424, and 0.418, Respectively (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between the broad jump and the bone density of femoral neck, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft were 0.577, 0.539, and 0.457, respectively(P<0.05). Correlations of the grip strength, flexibility, sit ups and vertical jump with bone density of all regions were not high(r< or=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different types of exercises showed different effects of bone density. The back muscle strength among the physical fitness factors was considered to be the most important predictor of bone density. In the future, further studies are necessary for the effects of other exercises on bone density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Athletes* ; Back Muscles ; Bone Density* ; Exercise* ; Female* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness ; Pliability ; Radius ; Spine ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*