No abstract available.
Apgar Score ; Humans* ; Umbilical Cord*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of the abutment and supporting tissues according tot he slopes and types of the guiding plane of distal extension removable partial dentures. The 3-dimensional finite element method was used and the finite element models were prepared as follows. Model I : Kratochvil type guiding plane with 90degree to residual ridge Model II : Kratochvil type guiding plane with 95degree to residual ridge Model III : Kratochvil type guiding plane with 100degree to residual ridge Model IV : Krol type guiding plane with 90degree to residual ridge Distal extension partial denture which right mandibular first and second molar were lost was used and the second premolar was prepared as primary abutment with RPI type retainer. Then 150N of compressive force was applied to central fossae of the first and second molars and von Mises stress and displacement were measured. The results were as follows : 1. Model I and Model IV showed a similar stress distribution pattern and the stress was concentrated on the apex of the root of the abutment. 2. The stress was increased and concentrated on mesial side of the root of the abutment in Model II. The stress was concentrated on buccal and mesiobuccal side of the root of the abutment in Model III. 3. In Model I, the root of the abutment displaced and twisted a little in clockwise. In Model IV, the root of the abutment displaced to distolingually at apical region of the root and mesiobucally at cervical region of the root. 4. In Model II, the root of the abutment displaced to mesiolingually at apical region of the root and more displaced and twisted in counterclockwise at cervical region of the root. In Model III, the root of the abutment displaced to mesiobucally at apical region of the root and more displaced and twisted in clockwise at cervical region of the root.
Bicuspid ; Denture, Partial ; Denture, Partial, Removable* ; Molar

Pretwisting the patellar tendon graft has been advocated hy many authors. Lambert has described a 90 degrees pretwist to benifit the fat pad vascular supply as well as to "" simulate the helicoid course of the ACL "". This technique has also been recommended to fascilitate fixation. Jackson has recommended a 90 pretwist to decrease the possibility of abrasive wear on the tunnel edge, and also to fascilitate fixation as much as a 180 degrees pretwist has heen recommended. However, in spite of all these recommendations, little work has been done on the effect of such pretwisting on the biomechanical behavior of patellar tendon grafts. The purpose of this study is to discover, by experiment, the effects of a 360 degrees external rotation pretwist on the following tensile mechanical properties of canine central 1/3 patellapatellar tendon-tibia complex : (a) ultimate stress, (b) ultimate strain, (c) average elastic modulus, and (d) strain energy density. Five groups of each S specimens were divided as group 1 (0 degrees external rotation), group 2 (90 degrees external rotation). group 3 (180 degrees external rotation), group 4 (270 degreesexternal rotation), and group 5 (360 degrees external rotation). The direction of pretwist meant the twist of tibia around patella. The effects of pretwist were analyzed using parameter one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)(P1) and nonparameter Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)(P2) with repeated measures followed by Scheff multiple comparison test. A p values of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among each groups ultimate stress (P1=0.059, P2=0.095), ultimate strain(P1=0.154, P2=0. l65), and average elastic modulus(P1=0.814, P2=0.818) were not statistically significant. Only strain energy density was the statistically significant difference between group 2 and group 5(P1=0.008, P2=0.022). As a result, there were observed that the ultimate stress and strain energy density were decreased and ultimate strain was decreased but there were not statistically significant differences hetween groups because of the small number of samples, and there will be advantages for graft to avoid ahrasive wear on the tunnel edge and lateral femoral condyle. But, more studies are needed for human being in the future.
Adipose Tissue ; Elastic Modulus ; Humans ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament* ; Tibia ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Cisterna Magna*

Bladder stone formation may be associated with the intravesical foreign body. Frequency of bladder foreign body in female is less than male. We present a case of bladder stone formation for nylon suture materials in a 47-year-old female patient who has been treated by bladder neck suspension for stress incontinence. Patient was successfully treated by surgical removal of suture materials without recurrence of stress incontinence.
Female ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck* ; Nylons ; Recurrence ; Sutures ; Urinary Bladder Calculi* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.

To identify clinical significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in orchiectomized patients with metastatic prostate cancer, we longitudinally investigated significant factors in the progression of the advanced prostate cancer in 28 patients who were comparatively well followed after subcapsular orchiectomy. Following results were obtained. 1) The mean followup interval was 25.9 months (1 to 68 months). Mean patient age was 67.6 years (50 to 82 years). 2) Eleven of 28 patients were expired during follow-up. Death rate was 39.3 percent. 3) Patients whose post-treatment nadir PSA level decreased below 2.8 ng/ml had a significantly longer remission duration rate than those whose nadir PSA remained elevated (mean survival times 53.9 versus 25.4 months, survival rate 85.0 versus 0%, p <0.01). 4) Patients whose interval to nadir PSA was less than 6 months had a significantly longer remission and a larger survival rate than those whose interval to nadir PSA was more than 6 months (mean survival times 58.3 versus 36.4 months, survival rate 93.3 versus 33.3%, p <0.05). 5) After orchiectomy, patients whose duration from nadir PSA level decreased below 2.8 ng/ml to the above 2.8 ng/ml was more than 9 months had a significantly longer remission duration and a larger survival rate than those whose duration was less than 9 months (mean survival times 62.7 versus 24.9 months, survival rate 88.9 versus 27.3%, p <0.001). 6) Patients whose serum PSA was changed earlier than bone scan had a significantly shorter survival duration and a smaller survival rate than those whose bone scan was changed earlier than PSA (mean survival times 24.4 versus 50.3 months, survival rate 30.0 versus 75.0%, p <0.05). 7) Patients whose Gleason grade was below 3 had a better prognosis than those whose Gleason grade was above 4 (mean survival times 50.4 versus 29.9 months, survival rate 78.6 versus 42.9%, p<0.05). 8) Patients` age over 70 years at the time of diagnosis was a Significantly better prognostic factor (p<0.05). pre-treatment PSA levels and PSA half-times were not significant in advanced prostate cancer patients (p>0.05). As the result of the above, we conclude that serial serum PSA levels in advanced prostate cancer patients after endocrinal therapy can aid in distinguishing favorable from nonfavorable responders early in the course of therapy and greatly assist in monitoring for progression.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mortality ; Orchiectomy ; Prognosis ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

To clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of hemodialysis on lipid peroxidation in RBC membrane structures, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) which is the lipid peroxidation product, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined before and after hemodialysis in the RBCs from 20 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), and from 14 healthy subjects. Before dialysis, MDA levels in the RBCs from the patients with ESRD were higher than those from healthy controls. SOD and catalase activities in the RBCs were lower. After hemodialysis, MDA, SOD, and catalase in the RBCs from the patients with ESRD were normalized. These results indicate that hemodialysis treatment is helpful to protect the peroxidative darnage through normalizing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Catalase ; Dialysis ; Erythrocytes* ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde* ; Membranes ; Renal Dialysis* ; Superoxide Dismutase

The purpose of this study was to confirm the formation of hybrid layer and resin tags in dentin tissue and the possibility of bonding between luting cements used for the prosthesis and the resinous surface coated with resin bonding agents to prevent the dentin hypersensitivity after abutment preparation. Some resin bonding agents, which may have the possibility of bonding with polyacrylic acid as a liquid ingredient of polycarboxylate and glass ionmer coments, were selected. All-Bond desenstizer containing NTG-GMA and BPDM, Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA, and XR-bond cotaining organophosphate were selected as a coating agent. Dental cements were zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer cement. After the exposed dentin surface of premolars was ethced with 10% phosphoric acic and coated with resin bonding agents, the monophology of treated surfaces and the resin tags and hybrid layers on sectioned surfaces were observed by SEM. Shear bond strength between the resin bonding agents and 3 kinds of cements was measured 24 hours after bonding. On the debonded surfaces of the shear bond strength tested specimens, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resin materials and cements were examined by SEM. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. Coating of dentin with resin bonding agents had no effect on the shear bond strength of zinc phosphate cement. 2. Both of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements showed the increased shear bond strength by the dentinal coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA. However, in the case of dentinal coating with some agents containing NTG-GMA and BPDM or organophosphate, polycarboxylate cement exhibited the lowered shear bond strength, and glass ionomer cement showed the unchanged shear bond strength. 3. Complete obstructions of dentinal tubules were observed on the dentin coasted with All-Bond desensitizer or XR-bond, but distinct shape of the orifices of dentinal tubules was observed consistently on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus 4. The hybrid layer was thickest on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer, and the length of resin tags was longest one the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 5. On the debonded specimens which had been bonded with polycarboxylate cement or glass ionomer cement after coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resinous surface and the cements could be examined.
Acyclovir ; Bicuspid ; Dental Cements ; Dentin Sensitivity ; Dentin* ; Glass ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Polycarboxylate Cement ; Prostheses and Implants ; Zinc ; Zinc Phosphate Cement

Hysterosalpingography and Hysteroscopy have been used for the detection of intraute-rine pathology such as polyps, submucous myomas, intrauterine adhesion and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Recently the ultrasound has also been utilized for the detection of uterine pathology. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SonoHysterography in detection of intrauterine pathology compared with HSG and Hysteroscopy. 32 patients underwent Sono-Hysterography and Hysteroscopy for the evaluation of the uterine pathology from september 1995 to January 1996. Nine of 32 patients had infertility problem and HSG performed prior to Sono-Hysterography and Hysteroscopy. The results are as follows : 1. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 50 years(median 37.9). 2. All 9 patients with infertility who had positive HSG findings in uterine cavity showed the intrauterine pathology in Sono-Hysterography as well as Hysteroscopy. The detail findings are as follows :septated uterus(n=2), intrauterine adhesion :IUA(n=3), endometrial polyp(n=3), and IUA combined endmetrial hyperplasia(n=1). 3. Twenty two of 23 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding showed the intrauterne pathology and one patient had negative finding in Sono-Hysterography. However, Hysteroscopy revealed positive intrauterine pathology in 22 patients who had abnormal uterine bleeding. One patients who had positive finding in Sono-Hysterograply showed negative by Hysterography. In contrast, one patient who had negative finding in Sono-Hysterography had positive uterine pathology with polyp in Hysteroscopy. The histologic pathology in all 23 patients reported endometrial polyp(n=12), placental polyp(n=2), submucous myoma(n=1), endometrial hyperplasia(n=5), endometrial cancer(n=1), normal endometrial finding(n=2). 4. Sono-Hysterography, therefore, has a sensitivity and positive predictive value of 96.6%, 93.5% respectively. Our study showed a positive Sono-Hysterography is very predictive of the intrauterine pathology. Sono-Hysterography is safe, quick and minimal invasive procedure. So it is an invaluable technique in the evaluation of uterine cavity.
Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Hysteroscopy* ; Infertility ; Myoma ; Pathology* ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Hemorrhage