BACKGROUND: Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer are often treated with radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Both modalities have a potentially damaging effect on pulmonary function. In order to examine changes in the cardiopulmonary exercise function of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer before and after conventional radiotherapy, we conducted a prospective study involving patients with such cancer, that had received radiation therapy. METHODS: Resting pulmonary function test, thoracic radiographic finding and cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET) were assessed prior to and 4 weeks following radiation therapy in 11 male patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Patient with endobronchial mass were excluded. RESULTS: The forces vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)and maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV) did not decreased between before and 4 weeks after radiation but the diffusing capacity(DLCO) had decreased by 11% 4 weeks after radiation, which was not statistically significant. No changes in maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max), carbon dioxide production(VCO2), exercise time and work load were attributed to radiation therapy. Follow up cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed unchanged cardiovascular function, ventilatory function and gas exchange. No difference in cardiopulmonary exercise test performance was observed between pre- and post-radiation. CONCLUSION: Cardiopulmonary exercise function did not decrease within the short-term after the radiation of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Carbon Dioxide ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Radiotherapy ; Respiratory Function Tests

No abstract available.
Animals ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA, Complementary* ; Leptin* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Leptin*

Glycogen storage diseases(GSD) are inherited disorders affecting glycogen metabolism and type I GSD is due to the absence or deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) enzyme in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. The defect leads to inadequate hepatic conversion of G6P to glucose and thus make affected individuals susceptible to fasting hypoglycemia, and the accumulation of glycogen occurs in the liver and other organs. Type Ia is the most common form of GSD and clinically growth retardation may manifest of GSD itself rather than growth hormone deficiency(GHD), but we experienced a case of type I GSD with GHD in a 14-year-o1d male. The height was 125 cm, compatible with 50 th percentile of height of 8 years of age. He has doll-like face with fat cheek, relatively thin extremities, and metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia. GH stimulation test with clonidine and L-dopa revealed that the patient had decreased GH secretion. After laboratory work up including liver biopsy, he was diagnosed as type I GSD. Hypoglycemia was managed with frequent feeding with high starch diet(uncooked cornstarch). Metabolic acidosis and hyperuricemia were treated with sodium bicarbonate, allopurinol and probenecid. The patient is being followed at out-patient clinic with clinical improvement after of diet therapy and GH administration.
Acidosis ; Allopurinol ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Clonidine ; Diet Therapy ; Extremities ; Glucose ; Glycogen Storage Disease* ; Glycogen* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Kidney ; Levodopa ; Liver ; Male ; Metabolism ; Outpatients ; Probenecid ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Starch

PURPOSE: Exercise is frequently recommended in the management of diabetes mellitus(DM) and can improve blood control by increasing insulin sensitivity and psychological benefits. Exercise can result in good glycemic control in type 2 DM, when combined with diet and drug therapy. However, in type 1 DM, the expected improvement in glycemic control with exercise have not been clearly established. Effects of exercise on glycemic control in patients with type 1 DM were investigated. METHODS: 20 patients with of type 1 DM, who were no retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiac disorders, were enrolled and exercised for 30min. with 50% of individualized maximum VO2. Blood sugar concentration were measured before, immediate and 15min after exercise. The results were evaluated with HbA1c, C-peptide and DM duration. RESULTS: Blood sugar concentration were significantly decreased from pre-exercise 198+/-9.7mg/dL to immediate 145+/-7.1mg/dL and at 15min. Post-exercise 134+/-4.0mg/dL(P<0.05). In case with HbA1c<10%, there was significantly decreased in blood sugar level from pre-exercise 176+/-9.7mg/dL to immediate 123+/-63.2mg/dL and at 15min post-exercise 113+/-1.9mg/dL(P<0.05). In case with HbA1c>10% there was also significantly decreased in blood sugar levels 222+/-64.7mg/dL, 169+/-6.1mg/dL, 157+/-1.2mg/dL respectively(P<0.05). Group with moderate decreased blood sugar(40-99mg/dL) was 8 patients(42.1%), group with mild decreased blood sugar(<40mg/dL) was 7 patients(36.8%) and group with decreased more than 100mg/dL was 4 patients(21.5%). There was no correlation in degree of decreased blood sugar concentration among HbA1c, C-peptide, DM duration. CONCLUSION: Proper exercise in type 1 diabetic children can decrease blood sugar level significantly and make good glycemic control and can decrease DM microvascular complications in addition to motivating physically active lifestyle.
Blood Glucose ; C-Peptide ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Diet ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Life Style

Fat embolism is a condition in which fat appears in the circulating blood, not in the fine emulsion of a metabolic lipemia, but in droplets large enough to occlude arterioles and capillaries. It may occur as a complication of fracture, particularly multiple fractures of the long bones, pelvis, and ribs.. Since Zenker described the first case of fat embolism in 1862 there has never been a reliable diagnostic test for this condition. Lipid changes in the blood and demonstration of macroglobules could be used as aids for early post- traumatic fat embolism syndrome. The purpose of the present,study was to analyze the blood lipid changes in the fracture and to determine their value in the early detection of fat embolism syndrome. Twenty-three patients with at least one diaphyseal fracture of the lower extremity or a pelvic and spine fracture were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 30.3 years. Men outnumbered women by a ratio of 2.9:1. Nineteen of the patients were injured in traffic accidents, two patients in fall, and one in the industrial accident. Ten volunteers were used for the control studies, nine men and one woman. Their mean age was 22.8 years. For determination of blood lipids blood sample was taken from cubital vein. The flrst blood sample was taken from tbe patients less than 2 hours after the iniury, and the later samples were obtained respectively in 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 7 days after injury. The samples were centrifuged immediately (2,500 rpm, 4 min.). After centrifugation, each sample of plasma or serum was divided into two aliquots. The one aliquot was studied without flltering and the other was filtered through 8 microns millipore filter (Watmann No. 40. filter paper). Determination of triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospsolipids in blood was made from the unfiltered aliquot and from the other filtrate. Two groups were formed for comparission of the results; 1) Fracture Group; 2) Non-fracture Group as control. The triglycerides was determined using the technic of the micromethod of Van Handel and Elversmith, and the cholesterol was determined by the technic of Rosenthals color reagent method. For the determination of phospholipids Youngburg, modified method was used of The results of the study lead us to conclude that: 1. The triglycerides, cholesterol, phosphollpids fractions in the unflltered allquot was slightly higher than those of the filtrate. 2. Less than two hours after injury the triglycerides concentration in blood of fracture group was similar to the concentrations of the controls. But the triglycerides and macroglobule concentration in 12 and 24 hours after fracture were higher than those of the control group. 3. The average concentration of blood cholesterol level in fracture group was slightly higher than the control. Especially the serum concentrations of cholesterol in 12, and 24 hours after fracture were much higher than those of the controls. Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed. 4. The average phospholipids concentration in fracture patients was slightly higher than the average phospholipids concentration of the control but no significant differences between the groups were observed. 5. As to the total lipids, the average concentration of fracture group was little bit higher than the concentration of the control. There was no statistical differences between the fracture and the control group. 6. The concentrations of the total lipids gradually increased after 40 years of age. 7. The concentration of total serum lipids was increased in femoral fracture in site, and in multiple fractures than single fracture.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Arterioles ; Capillaries ; Centrifugation ; Cholesterol ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Embolism, Fat ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Fractures, Multiple ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methods ; Micropore Filters ; Pelvis ; Phospholipids ; Plasma ; Ribs ; Spine ; Triglycerides ; Veins ; Volunteers

Scoliosis has been reported in 40 to 60 percent of patients with Marfsn's syndrome. The tensile strength of tissues in which the collagen is a major component has been to be reduced in this disease. An abnormality of cross-linking in the α2(I) peptide chain of collagen is the simplest explanation for this observation. We experienced a case of scolisis with Marfan's syndrome in whom Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation was csrried out successfully and bilateral pneumothorax was observed in 10 days postoperatively. The occurrence of this complication, which has not been previously reported in the literature, suggests that excessive distractional and rotational force during procedure may be harzsrdous in the patient with intrinsic collagen weakness.
Collagen ; Humans ; Marfan Syndrome ; Pneumothorax ; Scoliosis ; Tensile Strength

No abstract available.
Flow Cytometry* ; Immunophenotyping* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

The clinical triad of relapsing iritis, ulcers of the mouth and genitalia was first described in 1939 by Hulusi Behcet. This entity, originally confined to the above triad of symptoms appears to be systemic disease manifested by skin lesion, thrombophlebitis, neurologic, cardiovascular or visceral symptoms. The vascular involvement in Behcet's syndrome has been reported since Mischima first described a case in 1961, four types of vascular lesion are freuqnetly observed most commonly on the inferior or superior vena cava. Treatments consist of anticoagulation and administering oral steroids. We report a case of SVC obstruction in 36 years old female patient with Behcet's syndrome.
Adult ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Iritis ; Mouth ; Skin ; Steroids ; Thrombophlebitis ; Ulcer ; Vena Cava, Superior

PURPOSE: Lentinus edodes is used in both foods and drugs, and is also known to be an antioxidant agent. Some investigators have noted that renal scarring following pyelonephritis is closely related to inflammation or free oxygen radicals, rather than to direct injury due to bacterial infection. The efficiency of the antioxidant agent, lentinus edodes, in preventing the renal scarring caused by experimental pyelonephritis was evaluated in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eight male Sprague Dawley rats (n=28) were injected into both renal parenchyma with 0.1ml of a solution containing Escherichia coli (10(8)/ml). The control group, consisting of 4 rats, received an injection of isotonic saline instead of the bacterial solution. Three days after surgery, the animals were given the following treatments: in the pyelonephritis group, 7 rats received isotonic saline for 5 days; in the antibiotics treatment group, 6 rats were treated with an antibiotic only, ciprofloxacin, for 5 days. In the lentinus edodes treatment group, 5 rats were treated with lentinus edodes only. In the combined group, 6 rats received both lentinus edodes and ciprofloxacin. The kidneys were harvested 6 weeks after infection, and histopathologically examined for renal scarring. RESULTS: Delayed treatment with antibiotics-only or lentinus edodes-only had no effect on the scarring compared with the untreated controls. However, the addition of lentinus edodes to the delayed antibiotic therapy significantly inhibited the renal scarring compared with the pyelonephritis, antibiotic-only treated and the lentinus edodes-only treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of lentinus edodes in combination with antibiotics significantly reduced the renal scar formation in pyelonephritis.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Cicatrix* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Lentinula* ; Male ; Pyelonephritis* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Research Personnel ; Shiitake Mushrooms*

PURPOSE: To determine if the smoking status and polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes were risk factors for bladder tumor and to evaluate the effects of their interaction on bladder tumor development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and six patients with bladder cancer and 212 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Their smoking status was obtained from a self-completed questionnaire. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the isolated genomic DNA. RESULTS: Smoking status was a strong risk factor for the development of bladder tumor (OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.46-6.34, p=0.001). The bladder tumor risk increased in the GSTM1-null genotype compared with the GSTM1-positive genotype (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.02-2.72, p=0.041). On the other hand, the GSTT1-null genotype had significant protective effect against bladder tumor development (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35-0.91, p= 0.019). The GSTM1-null/GSTT1-positive genotypes had a significant risk factor for bladder tumors compared to the GSTM1-positive/GSTT1-null genotypes (OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.46-6.34, p=0.002). Smokers with the GSTM1-null/GSTT1-positive genotypes had a five-fold higher risk for developing bladder tumors than non-smokers with the same genotype and a nine-fold higher risk than non-smokers with the GSTM1-positive/ GSTT1-null genotypes (p=0.001). The GSTM1-null genotype in smokers also correlated with superficial bladder cancer (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.01-7.41, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of bladder tumors in Korean, and the GSTM1-null and GSTT1-positive genotypes in smokers are important host risk factors. Therefore, smoking cessation particularly in individuals with the GSTM1-null/GSTT1-positive genotypes may prevent bladder tumor development.
DNA ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Hand ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*