This study examined the perception and readiness of nursing educators regarding interprofessional education (IPE), and discussed the validity and application of IPE in nursing. From December 2016 to January 2017, 239 nursing professors and nurses completed a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale, the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Survey (RIPLS), and an IPE action plan. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test using the IBM SPSS ver. 23.0 program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The analysis revealed that 91.6% of the participants had not experienced IPE, and only 11.7% knew about IPE. However, approximately 80.0% answered that IPE is necessary. The results of this study showed that the score of the perceived need for cooperation was higher in nurses than it was in professors, while the score on competency and autonomy was higher in professors than it was in nurses. With reference to the scores on the RIPLS, those of professors were high on the sub-scales of teamwork and collaboration, professional identity, and roles and responsibility. The results revealed that participants considered the upper-grade undergraduate years as the ideal time for imparting IPE, and it was deemed suitable to include communication, simulation, and clinical practice in IPE. Doctors, pharmacists, and physiotherapists were thought to require cooperation for IPE the most. Despite the presence of several barriers to IPE, the participants thought that IPE can achieve learning outcomes such as interprofessional communication and cooperation, conflict resolution, and teamwork. It is necessary to cooperate with professionals in the complex clinical environment as professional areas are specialized and subdivided. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the application of IPE in undergraduate education and in on-the-job training.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Inservice Training ; Learning ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Pharmacists ; Physical Therapists

Intrauterine fracture in a neonate is rare but can occur without trauma to the mother and can be caused by genetic factor or external pressure, or skeletal disorder. Authors experienced a case of intrauterine femur fracture in a female premature patient which was discovered at birth. The patient was born at 28+3 weeks by a cesarean section. Her birth weight was 900 g. Amniotic fluid was clear and there was no amniotic membrane adhesion. The mother was 31 years old and had preeclampsia but had no other previous medical history. She had no experience of trauma in daily activities and abnormal findings during antenatal care. On x-ray finding taken after birth, there was callus formation at the epiphysis of the right distal femur. We found no shortening of the limbs during physical examination of the neonate but there were edematous change at the distal portion of the right thigh. She had no neurologic abnormality. We report a case of intrauterine femur fracture with no special history in the mother.
Adult ; Amnion ; Amniotic Fluid ; Birth Weight ; Bony Callus ; Cesarean Section ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Thigh

Intrauterine fracture in a neonate is rare but can occur without trauma to the mother and can be caused by genetic factor or external pressure, or skeletal disorder. Authors experienced a case of intrauterine femur fracture in a female premature patient which was discovered at birth. The patient was born at 28+3 weeks by a cesarean section. Her birth weight was 900 g. Amniotic fluid was clear and there was no amniotic membrane adhesion. The mother was 31 years old and had preeclampsia but had no other previous medical history. She had no experience of trauma in daily activities and abnormal findings during antenatal care. On x-ray finding taken after birth, there was callus formation at the epiphysis of the right distal femur. We found no shortening of the limbs during physical examination of the neonate but there were edematous change at the distal portion of the right thigh. She had no neurologic abnormality. We report a case of intrauterine femur fracture with no special history in the mother.
Adult ; Amnion ; Amniotic Fluid ; Birth Weight ; Bony Callus ; Cesarean Section ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Thigh

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represents a broad spectrum of ischemic myocardial events, including unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and acute ST elevation myocardial infarction, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and risk stratification are essential for initiation of optimal medical and invasive management. Randomized clinical trials over the past decade have revolutionized the care of patients with ACS. Therapeutic measures consist of administration of aggressive antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and antiischemic agents. In addition, patients with high-risk features, notably positive troponin, ST segment changes, and diabetes, benefit from early invasive intervention as compared to conservative strategies. Lifestyle interventions, modification of risk factor profile, and long-term medical treatment are of pivotal importance in reducing the long-term risk of recurrence.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Angina, Unstable ; Anticoagulants ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Life Style ; Myocardial Infarction ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Troponin

PURPOSE: This longitudinal study was done to investigate critical thinking dispositions and critical thinking skills of nursing students enrolled in a 4-year baccalaureate program at a university in Korea. METHOD: The study used a longitudinal design. A convenience sample of 32 nursing students who were completing their 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year in a baccalaureate program at a selected university was included. The subjects completed the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI), the California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST), and a demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated ANOVA, adjusted p-values, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS 8.12. RESULTS: There was statistically significant improvement according to academic year in the CCTDI total mean score (F=7.54, p= .0001) and subscales of Open-mindedness, Self-confidence, and Maturity. Contrarily, no statistically significant difference was found in the CCTST total mean score and subscales' score except Analysis. CONCLUSION: There is no significant correlation between critical thinking dispositions and skills, so it will be necessary to repeat a study like this, and the translated instruments should be modified by considering Korean culture.
*Thinking ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Korea ; Humans ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Adult

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with the critical thinking ability of nursing students at the individual and school levels. The study adopted a descriptive design and recruited 465 nursing students from four nursing schools from November 2014 to September 2015 through convenience sampling. The Clinical Critical Thinking Skill Test was used to measure critical thinking ability, and the data were analyzed with the SAS ver. 9.4 program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, and multi-level model. The results showed that clinical practicum experience (β=−0.72, p=0.025), taking critical thinking courses (β=0.63, p=0.010), and taking simulation courses (β=0.56, p=0.035) improved critical thinking ability in the individual level model. In the school level model, the interaction effect between the years of clinical practice done by the student and the presence of full-time clinical instructors was significant (β=1.29, p=0.011). These results suggest that critical thinking ability improves with the more years of clinical practice individual nursing students have, and this improvement is greater with the presence of full-time clinical instructors in the school. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing students undergo critical thinking and simulation courses to develop their critical thinking ability, and dedicated clinical instructors in nursing schools should play a vital role.
Humans ; Nursing ; Preceptorship ; Problem Solving ; Schools, Nursing ; Simulation Training ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

PURPOSE: This study was performed to characterize clinical features of benign convulsions with acute gastroenteritis(CwG) in infants. METHODS: We reviewed 83 consecutive seizures in 42 patients with CwG between January 1995 and December 2003. CwG was defined as convulsions having the following two characteristics : (a) seizures accompanied with symptoms of gastroenteritis without clinical signs of dehydration or electrolyte derangement; and (b) the body temperature remained less than 37.5 before and after the seizures. The clinical characteristics were compared between rotavirus positive and negative groups. RESULTS: Their ages ranged from 6 to 37 months(mean, 18.1 months). The average interval between the onset of astroenteritis and that of seizures was 56.4 hours. The seizure episodes ranged from one to seven times in cluster. Two or more seizures occurred in 23 patients(54.8%) within one episode of gastroenteritis. The seizure types constituted of generalized tonic-clonic(89.2%), generalized tonic(9.6%), or generalized clonic(1.2%). Only four of 42 patients showed abnormal electroencephalogram(EEG) findings, which reverted to normal during the follow-up period. All patients displayed normal psychomotor development without recurrent seizures, except two patients who had febrile seizures and a recurrence of CwG. Comparing the rotavirus positive group with the rotavirus negative group, the rotavirus positive group had more females, older patients and longer durations of seizure, significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of afebrile seizures following acute gastroenteritis was benign.
Body Temperature ; Dehydration ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Infant ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Rotavirus ; Seizures* ; Seizures, Febrile

We present a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis accompanied by chronic daily headache which was relieved by levothyroxine therapy. A 12-year-old girl was referred to our hospital complaining of continuous, bilateral, and non-pulsatile headache which had begun 9 months before. After 2 weeks of appropriate levothyroxine therapy, headache markedly improved. After 4 months of follow-up, she had no new episode of headache.
Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Headache Disorders* ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis* ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: Headache is a common problem in children and adolescents, and they experience severe pain and disabilities from headache. But there had not been an appropriate system for the diagnosis and the classification for headache in children and adolescents before the international classification of headache disorders(ICHD-II) was developed. But family history was not included in this classification's criteria. So we evaluated the effects of family history on the diagnosis of children with recurrent headaches. METHODS: 217 patients with recurrent headaches younger than fifteen years old were selected. To diagnose the patients' headache, we utilized headache questionnaires, headache diaries, and studied the family history of headache on the patients' maternal and paternal lines. Final diagnosis was based on the ICHD-II. RESULTS: In the migrainous patients, 78.1% had positive family history of headache on the maternal lines, and 16.2% on the paternal lines. In the patients with tension-type headache, 56.8% had positive family history of headache on the maternal lines. When the mother of a patient suffered from recurrent headaches, migraine occurred 2.94 times as frequently as tension-type headache(Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio, 2.94; P<0.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-6.38). And if a patient had parents with recurrent headaches, migraine occurred 3.22 times as frequently as tension-type headache(odds ratio, 3.22; P<0.005; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-7.02). CONCLUSION: We can consider migraine rather than tension-type headache when a patient has family history of recurrent headaches. In our study, we were able to validate that positive family history of headache was important in diagnosing the headache of children.
Adolescent ; Child ; Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Headache ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders* ; Mothers ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tension-Type Headache

BACKGROUND: Medical students are usually under more stress than that experienced by non-medical students. Stress testing tools for Korean medical students have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, we adapted and modified the East Asian Student Stress Inventory (EASSI), a stress testing tool for Korean students studying abroad, and verified its usefulness as a stress test in Korean university students. We also compared and analyzed stress levels between medical and non-medical students. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted on medical and non-medical students of a national university, and the responses of 224 students were analyzed for this study. Factor analysis and reliability testing were performed based on data collected for 25 adapted EASSI questions and those on the Korean version of the Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale (GARSS). A correlation analysis was performed between the 13 modified EASSI questions and the GARSS, and validity of the modified EASSI was verified by directly comparing stress levels between the two student groups. RESULTS: The 13 questions adapted for the EASSI were called the modified EASSI and classified into four factors through a factor analysis and reliability testing. The Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the modified EASSI and the Korean version of the GARSS, suggesting a complementary strategy of using both tests. CONCLUSION: The validity and reliability of the EASSI were verified. The modified Korean EASSI could be a useful stress test for Korean medical students. Our results show that medical students were under more stress than that of non-medical students. Thus, these results could be helpful for managing stress in medical students.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress, Psychological ; Students, Medical*