OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate whether epidural analgesia of labor is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. METHOD: The study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation on the patients with singleton infants in vertex presentations who had been admitted and delivered at Soonchunhyang Kumi Hospital from January, 1996 to December, 1996. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in incidence of cesarean delivery between nulliparous women receiving epidural analgesia(20.26%) and those who did not receive epidural analgesia(19.36%). But nulliparous women who received epidural analgesia were significant increase in operative vaginal delivery than those who did not receive epidural analgesia (0.08% of the no-epidural and 6.61% of the epidural group). 2. Among the indication for cesarean section, nulliparous women who received epidural analgesia were significant increase in incidence of failure to progress only than those who did not receive epidural analgesia (63.71% of the non-epidural and 84.78% of the epidural group). 3. There was no statistic significance in incidence of fetal distress only between women receiving epidural analgesia and those who did not receive epidural analgesia. 4. There showed no significant difference in new born Apgar score between women receiving epidural analgesia and those who did not receive epidural analgesia. 5. The subjective and objective successful epidural effects were noted excellent 22.91%, good 66.96% in nulliparous women and excellent 30.41%, good 61.48% in multiparous women. 6. Concerning complications of epidural anesthesia, backache was most frequent(8.00%), voiding difficulty, shivering, nausea/vomiting, hypotension, headache, dura puncture in orders. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study shows that epidural analgesia may increase substantially the risk of operative vaginal delivery and the incidence of cesarean delivery for which failure to progress only was listed as an indication in nulliparous women. Although the causal nature of this association remains open to debate, prenatal care providers should routinely discuss the risks and benefits of epidural analgesia with women during their pregnancies so that can make informed decisions about the use of pain relief during labor.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Back Pain ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Shivering

No abstract available.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Placenta*

No abstract available.
Rehabilitation* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*

The purpose of this study was to define health promoting behaviors of a family caregiver, to identify the factors affecting the performance in health-promoting behaviors, and to provide basis for nursing intervention strategies to promote health promoting behaviors. Study variables were induced from the Pender's Health Promotion Model and also from the literature that was related to the family caregiver's experiences. This study was conducted on the exploratory survey. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 218 family caregivers in a university hospital in Tae-Gu, between March 13 and April 11, 1997. The subjects of this study were 218 adult caregivers. The samples data were collected by using a convenience sampling method. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaptation : Park Chai soon' Health Promoting Life-style Profile, Park Chai soon's Self-efficacy Instrument and Rogenberg's Self-esteem Scale. In addition, items measuring family caregiver-professional interaction were made by the present author based on related studies. The reliabilities of instruments were tested with Chronbach's alpha (.75-.89). Data were analyzed by using the SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's coefficients of correlation and stepwise multiple regression technique was applied to analyses data. The results of this study were as follows. First, the average score of the performance in the health-promoting behavior variable was 130.88 ; the range of the score was from 83 to 189. The variables with the highest degree of the performance were self-actualization and interpersonal relationship. Second, the relationships between the degree of the performance in health-promoting behaviors and its exploratory factors were as follows ; the performance in the health-promoting behaviors was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived health status, caregiver-professional interaction, perceived severity of illness, caregiving stress and change of health-concern. The performance in the health-promoting behaviors was significantly different from such demographic variables such as age and sex. Third, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that : 1. Self-efficacy was the main predictor and accounted for 36% of the total variance. 2. Self-efficacy, age, caregiver-professional interaction and self-esteem, altogether accounted for 47.5% of the total variance. In conclusion, self-efficacy, age caregiver-professional interaction and self-esteem were identified to be important variables that contributed to promote health-promoting behaviors.
Adult ; Caregivers* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Basophils* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Rotavirus*

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The purpose of this study is to afford basic data for planning a program to strategically prevent adolescent sexual violence by clarifying the concept of sexual violence in adolescence and investigating factors influencing the adolescent attitudes towards sexual violence. Subjects of the study were 288 adolescents between the ages of 14 to 21, living in K city in Chungnam Province. The data was collected for this study between May 30 and June 13, 2001. For this study, the following materials were used as instruments: the types of attitudes toward sexual violence developed by Nam, S. Y.(2000), the antisocial personality by Min, B. K., Choi, S. J., & Lee, G. H.(1978), the self-esteem developed by Rosenberg(1965) and interpreted by Jeon, B. J.(1974), the family support developed by Cobb(1976), the stereotyped sex role and the attitude on sexuality by Kim, E. J.(1997). The data was analyzed, using SPSS 7.5 for Windows Program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Adolescents of the first type, ones blaming social morals, amounted to 34.7%(100 subjects), the second type, ones blaming the victims, amounted to 22.3%(64 subjects), the third type, ones claiming reform of consciousness, amounted to 25.3%(73 subjects), and the fourth type, ones coping actively, amounted to 17.7%(51 subjects). 2. Attitudes toward sexual violence were influenced a great deal by the sex of the subject. 3. The study revealed that various types of the attitudes toward sexual violence was significantly different from one another, related to antisocial personality(F=2.80, P= .04). Especially the first type and the third type were most different from each other. The latter showed the antisocial personality strongly, compared with the former. 4. Discriminant analysis revealed that the most powerful predictors of attitudes toward sexual violence were the sex of the subject and whether or not they had an antisocial personality. 5. The degree of possibility of identifying a risk group of adolescents was 45.9% and the possibility of identifying a non-risk group was 73.3%. The hit ratio was 67.8%. In conclusion, the results of the study lead us to understand the type of adolescent attitudes toward sexual violence. The results will be useful to furnish a guideline for nursing intervention and education programs to prevent sexual violence in adolescence.
Adolescent* ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Consciousness ; Education ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Morals ; Nursing ; Sex Offenses* ; Sexuality

No abstract available.