BACKGROUND: Suicide is a self-destructive behavior that can occur throughout life. Recently the suicide rate has gradually increased in Korea. Suicide is the third most common cause of death in adolescents. The most important factOrs closely related to suicide were depression and hopelessness. This study aimed to analyze first, relationships between suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem, second, the differences between the demographic factors and suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem. METHODS: This study was surveyed with a questionaire to 220 students of colleges located in Pusan. The instruments were used in this study were Harters(1988) Self-Perception Profile for College Students, Harter and Robinsons(1988) Approval Support Scale for Adolescents, Becks(1961) Beck Depression Inventory, Becks(1974) Beck Hopelessness Scale and Reynolds(1987) Suicidal ideation Questionaire. RESULTS: Self-esteem had a relatively strong positive correlation with social support. Suicidal ideation had a strong positive correlation with depression. Depression had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Suicidal ideation had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the major factors related to suicidal tendency of adolescents were depression, low self-esteem, and low social support. Then the strategy to improve self-esteem and to encourage social support should be implemented for adolescents to prevent suicide.
Adolescent ; Busan* ; Cause of Death ; Demography ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Concept ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

Adrenal gland is a rare location for an oncocytic neoplasm. In English literature less than 10 cases of adrenocortical oncocytoma have been reported. We have experienced a case of adrenocortical oncocytoma in a 35-year-old man which was detected incidentally during the ultra-sonographic evaluation of the abdomen for a routine physical examination. This case did not demonstrate any clinical evidence of adrenocortical abnomalities, such as virilization or hypertension. Grossly, the tumor was light to dark tan on cut surface. Light-microscopic examination revealed tumor cells with abundant lipid- sparse eosinophilic cytoplasm and occasional pleomorphic nuclei. Mitotic figures were less than 5/50 HPFs. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin but negative for pancytokeratin, CAM 5.2, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated abundant mitochondria containing occasional intramitochondrial dense bodies or inclusions.
Abdomen ; Adenoma, Oxyphilic* ; Adrenal Glands ; Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mitochondria ; Physical Examination ; Synaptophysin ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Vimentin ; Virilism

PURPOSE: Fragile X syndrome is an X-llinked genetic disorder and is characterized by mental retardation, learning disability, behavior disorder, and autism with typical elongated face, large ears, and macro-orchidism. Recent reports have focused attention on the EEG finding of this syndrome, which is a particular paroxysmal pattern during sleep (mono or diphasic centrotemporal spikes) and awake state (background slowing). In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of fragile X syndrome patients and observed whether a particular EEG pattern is associated with this syndrome or not. METHODS: 7 cases of fragile X syndrome, diagnosed at Sowha Children's Hospital and Cha General Hospital from August 1993 to February 1995, were analyzed retrospectively in terms of typical phenotypes and clinical & EEG characteristics. The patients were diagnosed by Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: 1) The subjects were all male and the mean age was 5.8 years old (2Y-11Y). 2) Typical phenotype of long elongated face, macro-orchidism, large ears, and large head are noted in 2/3 of the subject. 3) Developmental delay, mental retardation, learning disability, attention deficit, hyperactivity, and autism are noted in 2/3 of the subject. 4) Seizure is noted in one case and EEG was performed in 6 cases, regardless of the presence of seizures. Abnormal findings including centrotemporal sharps and background slowing are noted in one case, each. 5) By molecular diagnostic methods including Southern blotting and PCR, 3 cases of affected male and 4 of normal transmitting male were diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The typical phenotype of fragile X syndrome is long elongated face, macro-orchidism, large ears and large head. 2) The non-physical characteristics of fragile X syndrome are developmental delay, mental retardation, learning disability, attention deficit, hyperactivity, and autism. 3) The characteristic EEG findings of fragile X syndrome known by literature are noted in 2 among 6 cases, which means the specificity is high even though the sensitivity is low. This allows us to propose this EEG pattern as an important "marker" in the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome. However, the number of the subject is too small to conclude now. Further accumulation of cases is reguired.
Autistic Disorder ; Blotting, Southern ; Diagnosis ; Ear ; Electroencephalography* ; Fragile X Syndrome* ; Head ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Learning Disorders ; Male ; Pathology, Molecular ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Hysterosalpingography and Hysteroscopy have been used for the detection of intraute-rine pathology such as polyps, submucous myomas, intrauterine adhesion and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Recently the ultrasound has also been utilized for the detection of uterine pathology. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SonoHysterography in detection of intrauterine pathology compared with HSG and Hysteroscopy. 32 patients underwent Sono-Hysterography and Hysteroscopy for the evaluation of the uterine pathology from september 1995 to January 1996. Nine of 32 patients had infertility problem and HSG performed prior to Sono-Hysterography and Hysteroscopy. The results are as follows : 1. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 50 years(median 37.9). 2. All 9 patients with infertility who had positive HSG findings in uterine cavity showed the intrauterine pathology in Sono-Hysterography as well as Hysteroscopy. The detail findings are as follows :septated uterus(n=2), intrauterine adhesion :IUA(n=3), endometrial polyp(n=3), and IUA combined endmetrial hyperplasia(n=1). 3. Twenty two of 23 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding showed the intrauterne pathology and one patient had negative finding in Sono-Hysterography. However, Hysteroscopy revealed positive intrauterine pathology in 22 patients who had abnormal uterine bleeding. One patients who had positive finding in Sono-Hysterograply showed negative by Hysterography. In contrast, one patient who had negative finding in Sono-Hysterography had positive uterine pathology with polyp in Hysteroscopy. The histologic pathology in all 23 patients reported endometrial polyp(n=12), placental polyp(n=2), submucous myoma(n=1), endometrial hyperplasia(n=5), endometrial cancer(n=1), normal endometrial finding(n=2). 4. Sono-Hysterography, therefore, has a sensitivity and positive predictive value of 96.6%, 93.5% respectively. Our study showed a positive Sono-Hysterography is very predictive of the intrauterine pathology. Sono-Hysterography is safe, quick and minimal invasive procedure. So it is an invaluable technique in the evaluation of uterine cavity.
Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Hysteroscopy* ; Infertility ; Myoma ; Pathology* ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Since the placenta is an organ composed of blood vessels, it is not surprising that its primary neoplasm would be a vascular tumor. Placental tumors, primary or secondary, have been known to interfere with placental function. Chorioangioma(primary tumor of the placenta), which is the most common of them, occurs with an incidence for clinically significant ranges from 1~2.8:10000 births. These tumors are benign and are not usually associated with clinical sequelae unless they are larger than 5cm in long diameter. About one third of the large chorioangiomas may be associated with the maternal and fetal complications. For diagnosis of these lesions, the ultrasonography was used. If the chorioangioma is suspected, color doppler study is informative to confirm the presence of the vascular channels. We reviewed ultrasonograms and clinical records of seven patients who had been diagnosed as placental chrioangioma. The appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment can then be initiated in order to prolong gestation and decrease fetal mortality and morbidity.
Blood Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fetal Mortality ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Parturition ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography

Five cases of ovarian serous borderline tumor associated with multiple peritoneal implants were analysed. The age of 5 patients ranged from 34 to 45(mean: 39) years at the time of diagnosis. Two patients presented with secondary infertility underwent hyperstimulation of the ovary under the in vitro fertilization program. One patient was presented with abdominal pain and the remaining two with lower abdominal mass accompanied by abdominal pain. Serous surface papilloma of borderline malignancy, involving one or both ovaries, was present in all 5 cases and papillary serous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy was associated simultaneously in one or both ovaries in all cases. Marked adhesions between the pelvic organs, and multiple granularities and nodularities of the omentum and peritoneum were noted. Microscopically, the peritoneal lesions were composed of noninvasive implants of tumor cells and pasmmoma bodies on the surface of entire pelvic and abdominal organs. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content from paraffin-embedded tissue fo primary ovarian tumor classified as aneuploidy in 3 cases and as diploidy in 2 cases. The DNA index of the aneuploid tumors ranged from 1.21 to 1.37. Four patients underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and partial omentectomy in which two were followed by chemotherapy and one case underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

A putative polypeptide hormone identified as amylin[islet amyloid polypeptide] is synthesized and co-localized with insulin in B cells of pancreatic islets in several animal species including man. However, there is growing evidence that somatostatin cells are also expressed and contained amylin in the pancreatic islets of the rat The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunocytochemical expression of the amylin within the endocrine pancreas of the man, rabbit and guinea pig, with special reference to the possible ability of islet cells other than insulin cells to synthesize amylin. For this purpose serial sections of the pancreatic islets were stainedimmunocytochemically using anti-amylin, anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin antisera. In serial sections of pancreatic islets of the man and rabbit, it was shown that amylin immunoreactivity occurred in insulin-reactive B cells predominantly located in interior of the islets. In contrast, amylin immunoreacivity appeared in glucagon-reactive A cells peripherally located in the islets of the guinea pig. These results suggest that in both the man and rabbit, amylin is synthesized by B cells for subsequent co-secretion with insulin, and that in guinea pig, amylin is synthesized by A cells for co-secretion with glucagon. It thus appears that amylin release may be mediated by different secretory mechanisms according to animal species.
Amyloid ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Glucagon ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Immune Sera ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide* ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Rats ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells

Preoperative embolization of hypervascualr brain tumors is known to be an effective method to reduce intraoperative bleeding and to reduce the operative difficulty. The most commonly tumor vessels are branches of the external carotid artery, which are frequently embolized as a preoperative procedure. However, branches from the internal carotid artery, such as the ophthalmic artery, tentorial artery, or cortical branches sometimes feed tumors, but there are some limitations of embolization of branches from the internal carotid artery. In addition, hypervascular tumors are rarely associated with neoplastic aneurysms. Their possible role in producing massive intraoperative hemorrhage has been well recognized. We describe the successful embolization of the tumor vessels from branches of the internal carotid artery and their neovascularization.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Carotid Artery, External ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Hemorrhage ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Preoperative Care

PURPOSE: We report a case of Muller muscle intramuscular hemangioma in the upper eyelid mimicking dacryoadenitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old male patient presented with a 2-year history of upper eyelid swelling in his right eye and no symptom relief with oral corticosteroid. Increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was noted in the laboratory findings. However, lid inflammation was not improved and the patient underwent incisional biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopically, the lesion was composed of proliferating vessels of various sizes between the individual smooth muscle fibers. Intramuscular hemangioma rarely presenting as a benign tumor in the head and neck region can present as diffuse swelling mimicking sarcoidosis or dacryoadenitis.
Biopsy ; Dacryocystitis ; Eyelids* ; Head ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neck ; Sarcoidosis* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans