The study was undertaken to determine the most adequate tidal volume when used volume preset ventilator during anesthesia. The thirty patients were received controlled mechanical ventilation with constant inspiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O and respiratory frequency of 12/minute. The results were as follows: 1) The PH was 7.39±0.01 and it is within normal limit. 2) The PaCO2 was 34.0±0.6 mmHg and it is a slightly hyperventilatory state. 3) The PaO2 was 228.0±8.2 mmHg. 4) The Buffer base was 20.7±0.3 mEq/L and it is a slightly buffer base deficient state. From the above results. We concluded that if patients were fully relaxed during general anesthesia, it is desirable to maintain the inspiratory pressure of anesthetic mechanical ventilator to 10 cmH2O for adequate alveolar ventilation.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

This study tried to search the coping method which provides the best quality of life for the inpatients and to inquire into the phenomenon of the caring through the phenomenological caring experience of the inpatients. The subjects of the study were seven patients who admissed in K hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from October 1996 to September 1997. The researcher as a caregiver made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The researcher described closely the caring experiences with there words themeselves and under the observation of the researcher. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects to prevents the leakage of the spoken information and communication. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject's expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the caring experience with the subject's language (underlining), and the focal meanings are identified in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make situated structural description as the meaning of the caring experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the caring experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the caring experienced phenomena and flowing of the consciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows: The sixteen caring experiences which the subjects experienced were sorted as under ;(1) Mind to hesitate to ask questions: Time lack, Knowledge lack, Excessive task, Inhospitality, Negative impression, Compassion, Embarrassed, Horror of the knowing. (2) Mind to put blame upon environmental situations-Noise, Poor of the hospital institution and negligence of management (3) Mind to be frightened-Surgery, Diagnostic test, Changed environment. (4) Mind to be self-abandonment-Fated situation /Mine fault, Indistinct diagnosis. (5) Mind to be sorrowful-Unkind attitude, Lack of understanding of neighboring. (6) Mind to be impetuous-Delay of diagnostic test. (7) Mind to be worry-Domestic management, Economic burden, Anxiety for prognosis. (8) Mind to endure-Pain, Boring of hospital life, Lethargy. (9) Mind to be compliant-Therapeutic process, Hospitalizational process. (10) Mind to support-Concern of familiar members. (11) Mind to wish-Kind attitude, Meticulous explanations, Good prognosis. (12) Mind to gratitude-Good caring, Kind attitude. (13) Mind to wish to knowing-Explanations illness process, Explanations of testing result. (14) Mind to reidentified the self concept-Retrospect of oneself's life, Positive thought, Self-reliance. (15) Mind to be comfortable-Immediate response, Trust for medical teams. (16) Mind to be dependent-Self addiction (Dream). Finally, in the caring structure the sense of certainty don't always coexist with the sense of uncertainty. When the inpatients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the caring structure.
Anxiety ; Caregivers ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Empathy ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Lethargy ; Malpractice ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Seoul ; Uncertainty

We reviewed the recent findings in diagnosis, pathogenesis and management of Sjogren's syndrome. New diagnostic classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome were published by the American College of Rheumatology in 2012, and validation was completed. Salivary gland ultrasonography has been examined as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for Sjogren's syndrome, and the results have revealed that it has high specificity and low sensitivity. Disease activity assessment tools for Sjogren's syndrome have been developed and validated for upcoming clinical trials. Several associated genes were identified by genome-wide association studies, with large cohorts in Europe and China. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms of Sjogren's syndrome are related to germinal center formation and lymphoma development. New treatment modalities, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anti-CD20, anti-BAFF/Blys, and CTLA4-immunoglobulin were investigated, but the optimal therapeutic compounds have yet to be found.
China ; Classification ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Europe ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Germinal Center ; Interleukin-1 ; Lymphoma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rheumatology ; Salivary Glands ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sjogren's Syndrome* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to get help in order to diagnose orthopaedic disease, measure its activity and determine treatment plan by measuring the beta-glucuronidase activity in urine, serum and joint fluid. METHODS: The beta-glucuronidase activity was determined in the serum, urine and joint fluid of the patients with degenerative arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteomyelitis and osteogenic sarcoma, and some other disease to study the change of the enzyme activity. These values of each specimen were calculated by standard curve and treated by statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The beta-glucuronidase activity in the serum, urine and joint fluid was increased in patients with degenerative arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteomyelitis and osteogenic sarcoma etc. 2. The increased beta-glucuronidase activity in the serum and joint fluid of each disease does not show a specific finding about respective disease, but the increased beta-glucuronidase activity was statistically significant in the urine of all disease groups(male:p=0. 0041, female:p=0. 0001). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, it was suggested that beta-glucuronidase activity was affected by the orthopaedic disease and differed according to each specimen.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Glucuronidase* ; Humans ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteomyelitis ; Osteosarcoma

Osteoporosis is a common adverse event among patients on glucocorticoid therapy. Glucocorticoids reduce bone formation and increase cortical porosity in proportion to the dose and duration of glucocorticoid use. While the epidemiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis has been well characterized, its pathophysiology and effective management remain unclear. Several recommendations for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are used to determine which patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment to treat and when. The fracture risk can be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool algorithm, along with other clinical factors. The management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis includes anti-osteoporotic therapy and measures to prevent bone loss. Bisphosphonates are currently the first choice treatment, with teriparatide and denosumab being alternatives.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Denosumab ; Diphosphonates ; Epidemiology ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis* ; Porosity ; Risk Assessment ; Teriparatide

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations, and its pathogenesis is unclear and complicated. Infection and SLE are similar in that they both cause inf lammatory reactions in the immune system; however, one functions to protect the body, whereas the other is activated to damage the body. Infection is known as one of the common trigger factors for SLE; there are a number of reports on infectious agents that provoke autoimmune response. Several viruses, bacteria, and protozoa were revealed to cause immune dysfunction by molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation. In contrast, certain pathogens were revealed to protect from immune dysregulation. Infection can be threatening to patients with SLE who have a compromised immune system, and it is regarded as one of the common causes of mortality in SLE. A clinical distinction between infection and lupus f lare up is required when patients with SLE present fevers. With a close-up assessment of symptoms and physical examination, C-reactive protein and disease activity markers play a major role in differentiating the different disease conditions. Vaccination is necessary because protection against infection is important in patients with SLE.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Autoimmunity ; Bacteria ; C-Reactive Protein ; Fever ; Humans ; Immune System ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Molecular Mimicry ; Mortality ; Physical Examination ; Vaccination

The purpose of this study was to define the degree of the resourcefulness and the health-promoting behavior of cancer patients, to identify the relationship between the resourcefulness and the health promoting behaviors and to provide the basis for strategic nursing intervention. This study was conducted by an exploratory survey. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 97 cancer patients in a university hospital in Tae-Gu from September to December of 1998. The sample data were collected by using a convenient sampling method. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaptation: Park Chai Soon's Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Oh Pok Ja's instrument for health promotion behavior and the Rosenbaum self-control schedule(SCS). The reliability of instruments was tested with Chronbach'alph(.79-.89). Data was analyzed by using the SAS program. T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's coefficients of correlation. The results of this study were as follows: First, the average score of the resourcefulness variable was 22.20; the range of the score was from -30 to +81 The average score of the performance in the health promoting behavior variable was 96.13; the range of the score was from 39 to 137 Second, the resourcefulness variable was significantly different from such demographic factors as gender and perceived health status, but there was no statistically significant difference between the demographic factors and the health promoting behavior variable, except that of perceived health status. Third, the performance in health promoting behavior of cancer patients was significantly correlated with the resourcefulness of cancer patients(r= .50) In conclusion, resourcefulness was identified to be an important variable that could contribute to promote health-promoting behavior.
Demography ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Life Style ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.
Thioacetamide*

Malignant lymphoma arising from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) represents distinct clinicopathologic features and remains localized for prolonged periods. We report a case of low grade B cell lymphoma of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). A 60-year-old female had a long-standing cough, sputum and intermittent fever for 10 years. In 1984, the chest radiography showed increased hazy density in both upper lungs. Although she had been treated by antituberculous medication under clinical diagnosis, there was no improvement. In 1995, open lung biopsy was carried out. Histologically, it showed massive nodular or diffuse infiltration of centrocyte-like cells in bronchus and parenchyme with pleural invasion. On immunohistochemical stain, they were positive for LN-2 and L26 and negative for UCHL-1, LN-1 and LN-3. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Ig heavy chain gene rearrangement was detected. The patient was well for 6 months after the biopsy.
Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radiography ; Sputum ; Thorax