Hamartoma of the breast is relatively rare benign tumor, which is a well-circumscribed mass mainly composed of fibrous stroma, a(tipose tissue, ducts and acini. Muscular hamartoma of the breast is mainly composed of smooth muscle, and is extremely rare because proper smooth muscle is normaly absent in the breast except in the nipple. We describe a rare case of muscular hamartoma of the breast in a 38-year-old woman. This tumor was located in the upper outer quadrant and a 3 x 2.5 x 2 cm sized, well-demarcated but not encapsulated mass, The mass consisted mainly of irregularly arranged smooth muscle bundles in the fibrous stroma with lobular units and admixed fat cells. The origin of smooth muscle in hamartoma is not well known.
Female ; Humans ; Hamartoma

No abstract available.
Autografts*

Achondrogenesis type 2 is a lethal form of congenital skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, decreased vertebral ossification and normal ossification of the skull. We report an autopsy case of achondrogenesis type 2 in a female fetus terminated at 29 weeks of gestation. External morphology revealed a relatively large head, short upper and lower extremities, short neck, and distended abdomen. The x-ray finding showed normal calvarial ossification, hypoplastic ilium and unossified ischium, and metaphyseal flares of the femur and tibia. Histologically, chondrocytes were large and irregular with increased vascularity.
Abdomen ; Autopsy* ; Chondrocytes ; Dwarfism ; Female ; Femur ; Fetus ; Head ; Humans ; Ilium ; Ischium ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Skull ; Tibia

Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis. It is primarily a disease of wild animals. Human infection is incidental and usually results from interaction with biting or blood-sucking insects, wild or domestic animals, or the environment. An increasing number of cases have been reported in several countries. However, in Korea it has not been reported until now. A 40-year old male patient visited our department on Jan 13, 1997, complaining of multiple swollen lymph-nodes on his axillae and reddish swollen left upper arm which contained an abscess at its central portion for about ten days. On Dec 25, 1996, he found a dead wild rabbit on a nearby mountainside, ate it after cooking it by himself with his hands injured. His abscess was drained and microbiologic examination was done. However no microorganism was isolated. His lymph nodes were surgically removed from both axillae, and we investigated them microbiologically and pathologically. On microbiologic examination, small aerobic gram negative coccobacilli were grown on a chocolate agar plate in an aerobic condition with 5% CO2 at 37 degrees centigrade. On H & E staining, the lymph node showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. We sent the microorganism and lymph nodes to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States of America for the definitive diagnosis. Finally the microorganism was identified as F. tularensis by culture morphology, biological tests and immunohistochemical staining. We report the first case of F. tularensis in Korea.
Abscess ; Adult ; Agar ; Americas ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Animals, Wild ; Arm ; Axilla ; Cacao ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cooking ; Diagnosis ; Francisella tularensis ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insects ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Tularemia* ; United States

BACKGROUND: Knowing the magnitude of a problem is the first step to improving it, and quantifying the health- related quality of life (HRQOL) allows us to do it with respect to stroke. To identify the HRQOL in patients with ischemic stroke and its affecting factors, and compare it with other clinical and functional scales. METHODS: A consecutive series of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) was recruited. Their HRQOL and utilities were assessed using the EQ-5 Dindex-which evaluates the health profile of an individual in five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) and three levels (no problem, some/moderate problems, and extreme problems)-at 1 year after stroke. The Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), Barthel Index (BI), and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used to measure clinical and functional statuses. The EQ-5D index and the clinical and functional statuses were compared by clinical parameters, and the relationships among those scales were examined. Additionally, the EQ-5D index in the patients was compared with that in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Among 538 patients with AIS or TIA, 465 patients (males, 59.8%; age, 65.3+/-11.8 [mean+/-SD]; TIA, 7.7%; and initial NIHSS, 4.5+/-5.1) were evaluated. The EQ-5D index and the clinical and functional statuses were clearly aggravated by age, but did not differ with most of the risk factors. The EQ-5D index was strongly and significantly correlated with scores on the MRS, BI, and NIHSS. The EQ-5D index was lower in patients (especially older ones) than in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the EQ-5D is a feasible and valid tool for measuring HRQOL in patients with AIS or TIA.
Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Quality of Life ; Resin Cements ; Risk Factors ; Self Care ; Stroke ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is an important health concern among the postmenopausal women. Therefore, it is necessary to find out acceptable screening tools for osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Risk Index by OSTA as a screening test for osteoporosis. METHODS: The study population was 322 naturally caused menopausal women in Korea. Their was of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD measured by DEXA. Risk Index by OSTA, based on weight and age, was calculated and the sensitivity and specificity for osteoporosis and osteopenia were evaluated. To find out the proper cut-off point for osteoporosis and osteopenia among the postmenopausal women in Korea, we also compared the sensitivity and specificity of each Risk Index value. RESULTS: The mean age and ages at menopause were 59.1(+/-6.2) and 50.7 (+/-2.7) years, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 9.6% with femoral neck BMD. For oeteoporosis, using a cut-off point of -1 yielded a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 52.2% with femoral neck BMD. Using a cut-off of -2 yielded a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 70.9%. The ROC curve showed an AUROC 0.88 for Risk Index in identifying osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The Risk Index is an acceptable, simple and useful method in the diagnosis of osteoporosis with a Risk Index of -2 in Korean postmenopausal women.
Bone Diseases, Metabolic* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis* ; Prevalence ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine

No abstract available.
Kidney Pelvis* ; Metaplasia* ; Ureter*

No abstract available.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is an extremely rare variety of odontogenic tumor. It has not previously been reported in Korea. The tumor is composed of benign odontogenic epithelium with a mesenchymal part which exhibits the histologic features of fibrosarcoma. We have reported a case of amloblastic fibrosarcoma of the mandible in a 26-year-old man with swelling of right mandible for 2 weeks. The tumor showed yellowish ill-demarcated ulcerating mass involving right premolar and molar area. Light microscopy revealed irregularly arranged strands and islands of odontogenic epithelium surrounded by abundant mesenchymal tissue with the feature of fibrosarcoma. The fibrosarcoma cells were strong positive on immunostain for vimentin and ameloblastic cells were weakly positive for cytokeratin. S-100 and CEA were negative in both epithelial and sarcoma cells. The sarcoma cells were corresponding to fibroblasts on the electron microscopy with abundancy of RER and mitochondria and covering of basal lamina. Two types of virus like particles were distributed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of sarcoma cells. We treated the patient with surgery and chemotherapy. The recovery was uneventful and the prognosis is under observation.
Male ; Humans

Clear cell meningioma is a recently recognized morphologically unique entity. It shows no sex predilection, affects primarily the lumbar region, and the cerebellopontine angle. Despite its benign appearance, it may be aggressive, particularly in intracranial cases. All lesions are moderately cellular, with the exception of stromal hyalinization. The tumor consists largely of a sheet- like or somewhat lobular pattern of polygonal cells, the cytoplasm of which is clear. No close association is noted between the recurrence or the clinical outcome and factors such as mitotic activity, the PCNA index, and the DNA ploidy status. But the MIB-1 proliferation index is appreciably higher in recurrent tumors. We experienced a case of clear-cell meningioma showing a characteristic histologic finding. A 39-year-old man was admitted due to the recent onset of right-sided, facial-nerve palsy, left hemiparesis and general weakness. A CT scan of the head showed a well defined mass in the petroclival area. After surgical resection, the patient was in good condition, but 1 year later symptoms recurred. A CT scan of the head showed a huge, recurrent petroclival tumor with adhesion to the surrounding brain parenchyme.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Head ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Lumbosacral Region ; Meningioma* ; Paralysis ; Paresis ; Ploidies ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed