BACKGROUND: McKeown first described two autopsy cases of esophageal small cell carcinoma (SMC) in 1952; about 230 cases have since been reported in the literature. Small cell carcinoma has been reported to account for 0.4% to 7.6% of all esophageal malignancies. SMC of the esophagus as regarded as having a poor prognosis with frequent systemic dissemination. Choice of treatment remains controversial. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From August 1987 to December 1998, a review of the records and histologic sections of 8 patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus seen in 11 years was undertaken. RESULT: Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus constituted 1.5% of all esophageal cancers. The median age was 61.5 years (range from 42 to 71 years). Seven patients were male, tumor was mainly located in the middle and lower thirds (6 cases) of the esophagus. Pure SMC is 5 cases, and mixed SMC is 3 cases. Operative procedure were as follow: transthoracic esophagectomy with thoracic or cervical reconstructon in 7 patients, transhiated esophagectomy with cervical reconstruction in one. The operative death was none. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 7 patients except one who had poor general condition. Recurrence was observed in 4 patients (mediastinal LN, abdominal LN, SCN, bone). The overall median survival was 15.9 months. Only one patient survived for more than 5 years. CONCLUSION: We considered that esophageal SMC should be regarded as a systemic disease, and multimodality treatment including chemotherapy should be used. Surgery may be offered in selected patients to manage local disease as part of a chemotherapy based treatment program.
Autopsy ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Drug Therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Preleukemia*

Patellofemoral complications are the most frequent problems in total knee arthroplasty. In the literature, the subject of patella resurfacing and nonresurfacing is controversial. Twenty-seven osteoarthritic patients who received bilateral total knee prostheses were studied to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of patella resurfacing prospectively. Only patients with mild patellofemoral disease were included in the study. The Ortholoc modular implant was used in all cases. Cementless femoral and tibial component were used. But, if we resurfaced the patella, cement was used. In all patients, patella resurfacing had been done in the left knee but not in the right knee. For the clinical analysis, We used Knee Rating Score of the Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS), For the roentgenographic analysis, We used Laurin's lateral patellofemoral angle & Merchant's congruence angle. In the follow up, blind test for patellar pain was performed to compare between right and left knee joint clinically. The average age was 61 years(range 28-72 years) and the average follow up was 21 months(range 12-27 months). Preoperative ROM was 104.4 degrees in right side and 106.7 degrees in left side. Postoperative ROM was 112.7 degrees in right side and 109.6 degrees in left side. Preoperative HSS Knee Rating Score was 53.1 point in right side and 54.8 point in left side. Postoperative HSS Knee Rating Score was 81.5 point in right side and 81.2 point in left side. In the plain knee AP view, preoperative tibiofemoral angle was varus 7.0 degrees in right side and varus 5.6 degrees in left side. Postoperative tibiofemoral angle was valgus 5.1 degrees in right side and valgus 4.9 degrees in left side. Preoperative Merchant's congruence angle was 14.9 degrees in right side and 15.3 degrees in left side. Postoperative Merchant's congruence angle was
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Knee Prosthesis ; Patella ; Prospective Studies ; Range of Motion, Articular

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Plasma*

The types of patellar component of total knee replacement prostheses are dome-shape, metalbacked, anatomically shaped, and press fit condylar type, etc. The fixation of inset patella type is achieved with bone cement supplemented by a central peg and a small extended flange around the circumference, providing resistance to torsional and shear loads. From October 1990 to June 1992, 53 cases in 40 patients had total knee arthroplasties. Ortholoc II implant was used in all patients. Cementless femoral and tibial component were used. But, cement was used in patellar component. The average follow up was 29 months(range 21-40 months). There were 37 women and 3 men and the average age was 51 years(range 22-71 years). The diagnosis of 40 patients was osteoarthritis in 25, rheumatoid arthritis in 9, infection sequelae in 6. For alignment of the patellar and congruency of the patellofemoral joint, additional retinacular release was done in 7 cases. The average preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery(H.S.S) knee rating score was 50.7 point, which improved to 89.4 point at last follow up. Postoperative patellar pain was 4 cases. In the roentgenorgraphic follow up, ratellar subluxation was 2 cases and lateral tilting of the patella was 5.9 degrees in 10 cases. The average patellar depth was 20.8mm preoperatively and 21.6mm postoperatively. In the Merchant's view, the preoperative lateral patellofemoral angle of Laurine was average 14.3 degree, which changed to average 16.4 degree at last follow up, and the preoperative Merchant's congruence angle was average 14 degrees, which decreased to average
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Patella ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Prostheses and Implants

The purpose of this study is to observe how the Class III intermaxillary elastics act upon the craniofacial structures of mixed dentition with anterior crossbites. The cephalometric head plates of 16 children treated only with Class III elastics (C III elastics group) and 23 children treated with Class III elastics and Reverse pull headgear simultaneously (C III elastics + RPHG group) were traced, digitized and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. Anterior displacement of maxilla was observed in both groups. 2. Simultaneous Class III elastics and reverse pull headgear group showed the counterclockwise rotation of maxilla, however Class III elastics group manifested no rotational change of maxilla. 3. Simultaneous Class III elastics and reverse pull headgear group showed the downward and backward rotation of mandible, however Class III elastics group manifested no rotational change of mandible. 4. Counterclockwise canting of occlusal plane, labial tipping of upper incisor and lingual tipping of lower incisor and mesial displacement of upper molar to pterygoid root vertical were observed in both groups.
Child ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition, Mixed* ; Head ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Traction*

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cervical esophageal cancer is low compared with that of thoracic esophageal cancer, and the role of surgery for cervical esophageal cancer is limited compared with that of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This study was carried out to determine the outcome of surgery for cervical esophageal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analyzed retrospectively medical records of 43 patients who had undergone curative surgical resection for cervical esophageal cancer from January 1989 to December 2002. Follow-up loss was absent and the last follow-up was carried out in February 28, 2004. RESULT: The mean age was 60 years old and the male to female ratio was 40:3. Histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma 42 patients and malignant melanoma 1 patient. The methods used for esophageal reconstruction were gastric pull-up 32 patients, free jejunal graft 7 patients and colon interposition 4 patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 31 patients (72%), and operative mortality occurred in 7 patients (16%). Pathologic stages were I 3, IIa 14, IIb 1, III 19, and IVa 6 patients. Tumor recurrence occurred in 16 patients (44%), and the 3 and 5-year survival rates were 29.3% and 20.9%. CONCLUSION: The reported surgical results for cervical esophageal cancer showed somewhat high operative mortality, postoperative complication rates and recurrence rates and a low long-term survival rate. It is suggested that multimodality treatment including surgery is needed for the treatment of cervical esophageal cancer because radiotherapy or chemotherapy without surgery could not relieve dysphagia or resolve the tumor completely.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Colon ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Melanoma ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Female ; Femur* ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Fascioliasis* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Syringoma* ; Vulva