A 17-year-old high School boy showed multiple, various sized, grayish or violaceous scaly verrucous plaques on the entire body including the oral mucosa, both soles and palms. We considered this is the first case that involves entire body including the oral mucosa, both soles and palms in dermatologic literatures. We reported this case and reviewed briefly literature
Adolescent ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa

This study was started for the purpose of providing the basic data for continous managment of kidney transplantation patients after discharge. This study was conducted on 180 patients who received renal transplants at three hospital ( B, M. P) pusan, korea.. The data collection was done for june 1. to August 31. 2002. General characteristics, renal transplantaton characteristics. physical characteristics, the level of compliance and the degree of educational demand were done by the number and percentage. the mean. standard deviation. The level of compliance and educational demand followed by the characteristics of general and kidney transplantation were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The result were as fallows: 1. Man was higher than woman such as 60.0%, Mean age was 42.5 years old. Average total duration of after operation was 5.5 years. 2. Cases of systolic blood pressure over 140mmHg were 10.0%, cases of diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg were 22.8% and obesity factor in BMI was 15.6%. The person who daily water intake amount is 5000cc was 0,6%, the case that daily urine output is below 1000cc was 8.9%. and the case that urine output is zero was 0,6%. 3. The mean score of compliance was 77.47 point. The score in medication part was highest such as 4.67 point, that in stress situation was lowest such as 3,50 point. 4. The average score of educational demand was 154.02 point. and physical state part was 4.36 points highest. activation part was 3.48 points lowest. As a role of nurse Confirmation of compliance is very important encourage to make good through regular hospital visitation. point out the noncompliance part and then increase compliance of renal transplantation patient As well there will be maintain the normal kidney function to satisfy educational demand through continous education.
Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Compliance* ; Data Collection ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Korea ; Obesity

Korea has not tried any food consumption survey so far except the national nutrition survey, which does not show food consumption patterns of different income stratas. The results of the family income and expenditure survey(FIES) by the national statistical office can be precious sources which show household food consumption patterns due to large, random. Samples, year-round survey period and socioeconomic background data. This study analyzed the FIES data to find out food consumption patterns including nutrient intakes and frequently consumed foods by households among different monthly income levels. Big difference was found in food consumption patterns among the quartile-income groups especially the amount of consumed foods, food expenditure, and nutrient intakes. For every food item, the higher the monthly invomr, yhr motr og goof yhry vondumrf. The monthly food expenditure of higher higher income strata was composed with higher percentage of relatively expensive foods compared to other stratas. Nutrient intake levels of lower income strata were 50-60% of the RDA, which showed the necessicity of food assistance programs for those high risk groups to complement the nutritional difficiency.
Complement System Proteins ; Family Characteristics ; Food Assistance ; Health Expenditures* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys

No abstract available.
Ascites* ; Intussusception*

Cortex mori (Morus alba L.: Sangbaikpi), the root bark of mulberry tree, has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in herbal medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phenolic extract of Cortex mori have hypotensive, hypoglycemic, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects, and the hot water extract from Cortex mori has inhibitory effects on compound 48/80- induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). This study was perforrned to investigate the effects of polysaccharide fraction from Cortex mori (PFCM) on compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release, calcium influx, changes of intracellular cAMP and cGMP level, and morphological changes of RPMCs. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Compound 48/80-induced cytomorphological changes such as swelling, degranulation, intracellular vacuoles, and interrupted cell boundary were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with either hot water or polysaccaride fractions frorn Cortex mori (PFCM), 2) the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from RPMCs pretreated with PFCM was significantly inhibited, compared to that of control without PFCM pretreatment, 3) the PFCM inhibited remarkably the compound 48/80-induced calcium influx into the RPMCs, 4) the PFCM increased significantly the intracellular cAMP levels and decreased the intracellular cGMP levels of RPMCs, compared to those of normal control, and 5) the compound 48/80-induced cAMP levels of RPMCs pretreated with PFCM were significantly increased, compared to those of positive control without PFCM, and the compound 48/80-induced cGMP levels of RPMCs pretreated with PFCM were remarkably decreased, compared to those of positive control without PFCM. From the above results, it is suggested that PFCM have an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80-induced mast cell activation.
Animals ; Calcium ; Herbal Medicine ; Histamine Release ; Mast Cells* ; Morus ; Phenol ; Rats ; Trees ; Vacuoles ; Water

BACKGROUND: Bacteriokiller system(BKS) produces disinfectant which is generated by the mixture of active oxygen and hypochlorous acid with tap water. Previous studies showed that BKS disinfectant is highly bacteridal against clinical isolates in in vitro testings and more effective than general soap and water for the disinfecttion of contaminated handa. This study was performed to evaluate ling-trem effects of BKS as a handwasing agent in clinical settings. METHODS: Five BKS were installed for the 9-month period from June 1995 to February 1996 in 16-bed Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit. Handwashing was frequency was observed after 1, 6, and 8 month of BKS use. Six-month incidences of nosocomial infecrion before and after BKS installation were compared to evaluate the possible effect of handwashings on nosocomial infection rates. A self-administered questionaire was used to collect data on handwashing frequency and their opinions of the BKS disinfectant at 2 and 8 months after the installation. RESULTS: Handwashing frequency of healthcare workers(HCWs) before and after patient contacts was increased from 34.1%(137/402) to 50.3%(193/384) (p<0.00001). At the same time, the 6-month nosocomial infection rate was down to 10.5%(43/411) from the pre-BKS rate of 13.0%( 51/431) and the patient-day rate was also decreased from 18.3(56/3068) to 15.1(43/2,844). Most (80.5%) of HCWs thought that BKS promote handwashing and "convenience" was the main reason for more frequent handwashing. Ninety three percent of HCWs would recommend the replacement of tne existing sinks and handwashing disinfectants with BKS. NO adverse skin reaction were reported after 8 months. Conclusions: BKS appears to promote handwashing because it is easy to use with no skin irritation and may contribute toward the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disinfectants ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Hypochlorous Acid ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Neurosurgery ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Skin ; Soaps

The study was conducted to assess sanitary concepts of employees and needs of HACCP-based sanitation training program for elementary school foodservice operations. Subjects consisted of 370 foodservice employees. Foodseervice employees' demographic characteristics were surveyed, and their food sanitation knowledge was tested. Food sanitation knowledge included 4 dimensions of foodborne disease & food microbiology; sanitary management in food product flows; personal hygiene management; and equipment & facility sanitation management. The data were analysed using the SPSS package for descriptive analysis, t-test and ANOVA test. The average sanitation knowledge score was 9.5 out of 15. The working periods of foodservice employees were singificantly(p<01) related to food sanitation knowledge dimensions. Correct answering rate of 4 sanitation management dimensions were 74.4% in foodborne disease & food microbiology; 536% in sanitary management in food product flows; 78.7% in personal hygiene management; and 50.5% in equipment & facility sanitation management. 6 items in 4 sanitation knowledge dimensions under mean score were identified. Those items were temperature danger zone, thawing method of frozen foods, cooking & holding temperature, proper sampling & storage methods, proper storing methods in refrigerator, and proper washing & sanitizing method for utensils. Identified 6 items were included in 12 critical control points developed for the elementary school generic HACCP plan, and should be emphasized in implementing HACCP-based sanitation training program.
Cooking ; Education* ; Food Microbiology ; Foodborne Diseases ; Frozen Foods ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Sanitation*

Objectives: Disabled people experience difficulties in accessing dental services. Some of them tend to rely on charity dental services due to financial reasons. The purpose of this study is to identify some of the treatment statuses of disabled people to aid in planning oral health policies. Methods: This study analyzed the dental records of 141 patients from 2014 to 2019 in a charity dental clinic in Cheongju City. The demographic characteristics such as gender, age, area, social security, and type of disability of the patients were analyzed. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the sociodemographic factors related to dental treatments. Results: Within the study population, 63.1% were men and 66.0% were older, over 40 years old. The type of disabilities showed significant differences in the possibilities of having periodontal treatments. The older people showed almost four times a higher risk of experiencing dental extractions than those who were younger, even after adjustments with sociodemographic factors. Conclusions Among disabled people, an older age corresponds to a much higher probability of extraction, making chewing difficult and leading to the deterioration of general health. It is therefore necessary to conduct a detailed and extended national oral health survey on people with disabilities to allow for the provision of systematic support.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the technical success and reliability of the measurements made using two 2-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) systems using the comb-push technique from the same manufacturer and to assess the intersystem reproducibility of the resultant liver stiffness (LS) measurements. METHODS: Ninety-four patients with suspected chronic liver diseases were included in this retrospective study. LS measurements were obtained using two 2D-SWE systems (LOGIQ E9 and LOGIQ S8) from the same manufacturer, with transient elastography (TE) serving as the reference standard, on the same day. The technical success rates and reliability of the measurements of the two 2D-SWE systems were compared. LS values measured using the two 2D-SWE systems and TE were correlated using Spearman correlation coefficients and 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Thereafter, Bland-Altman limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to analyze the intersystem reproducibility of LS measurements. RESULTS: The two 2D-SWE systems showed similar technical success rates (98.9% for both) and reliability of LS measurements (92.3% for the LOGIQ E9, 91.2% for the LOGIQ S8; P=0.185). Despite the excellent correlation (ICC=0.92), the mean LS measurements obtained by the two 2D-SWE systems were significantly different (LOGIQ E9, 6.57±2.33 kPa; LOGIQ S8, 6.90±6.64 kPa; P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Significant intersystem variability was observed in the LS measurements made using the two 2D-SWE systems. Therefore, even 2D-SWE systems from the same manufacturer should not be used interchangeably in longitudinal follow-up.
Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the technical success rate and reliability of measurements made using three shear wave elastography (SWE) techniques and to assess the inter-platform reproducibility of the resultant liver stiffness measurements. METHODS: This prospective study included 54 patients with liver disease. Liver stiffness (LS) measurements were obtained using 2-point SWE techniques (Virtual Touch Quantification and S-Shearwave) and 2-dimensional (2D) SWE, with transient elastography (TE) serving as the reference standard. The technical success rates and measurement reliability of the three techniques were compared. LS values measured using the three SWE techniques and TE were compared using Spearman correlation coefficients and 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to analyze the inter-platform reproducibility of LS measurements. RESULTS: The three SWE techniques and TE showed similar technical success rates (P=0.682) but demonstrated significant differences in the reliability of LS measurements (P=0.006) and mean LS measurements (P<0.001). Despite strong correlations (r=0.73-0.94) between SWE systems, various degrees of inter-platform reproducibility (ICC, 0.58-0.92) were observed for the three SWE techniques. The best agreement was observed between S-Shearwave and TE (ICC, 0.92), and the worst agreement was observed between 2D-SWE and TE (ICC, 0.58). In the Bland-Altman analysis, a tendency toward lower LS values with the three SWE techniques than with TE in patients with F3 and F4 disease was observed. CONCLUSION: Significant inter-system variability was observed in LS measurements made using the three SWE techniques. Therefore, LS values measured using different SWE techniques should not be used interchangeably for longitudinal follow-up.
Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Prospective Studies