No abstract available.
Korea* ; Measles* ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: This study examined to explore factors influencing on employment stress of university students. METHODS: The data were collected by structured questionnaires to students who agreed to be the subjects of this study. And 230 cases were finally analyzed. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences revealed in age, department of major, residental type and school year on employment stress by general characteristics. Also, employment stress showed negative correlation with self-esteem, and satisfaction in major. Self-esteem and satisfaction in major, department of major were confirmed as a factors influencing on employment stress and accounted for 36% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Further studies that discover factors influencing on employment stress of university students are needed, and also practical programs are necessary to decrease employment stress of university students.
Employment* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*

This study was done to understand nonpharmacologic pain management for pediateric patients and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. The aim of this study was that which method did the patient's use according to the nurses' age, and how did they effectively use these methods in their field. The subjects of this study were 77 nurses working in the Pediatric unit in the Kyung Medical Center from September 2 to 15, 1999 using questionnaire form. The results of this study were as follows : 1. We divided the subjects into four groups : Younger than one year old, 1-6 years, 6-12 years, 12-18 years group. In the group younger one year old, most of the nurses participating in this study used speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch, toys, pacifiers. In the group of 1-6 years, they used speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, distracting attention, story talking, and visual stimulus. In the group of 6-12 years. they used pop-up books, providing information, cold therapy, speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch. In the group of 12-19 years, most of them used providing information, controling respiration and supportive touch. 2. The effective nursing intervention used in their field are speaking in soft quiet tones, pacifiers and nesting with blanket in the group of younger than one year old. Un the group of 1-6 years old, speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, and supportive touch were effective method in the control of nonpharmacologic pain management. In the group of 6-12 years old, story talking, supportive touch, and speaking in soft quiet tones were effective method and in the group of 12-18 years old, providing information, cold therapy and supportive touch were effectively used to control nonpharmacologic pain management. 3. To compare the general characteristics and non-pharmacologic pain nursing intervention, in the group of younger than one year, touching stimuli is widely used. In the groups of 1-6, and 6-12 years old, visual and audio method were widely used. In the group of 12-18 years old, sensitive intervention were used as well as education, information and guided imagery. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in nurses' demographic characteristics, child's age and nonpharmacologic pain management. There was significant difference only in the nurses working area, that is nurses working in the surgical department used more audio-visual-tactile pain management methods than medical department.
Child* ; Cryotherapy ; Education ; Humans ; Imagery (Psychotherapy) ; Nursing* ; Pacifiers ; Pain Management ; Play and Playthings ; Respiration ; United Nations ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Muscular Dystrophies*

No abstract available.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Choledochal Cyst*

No abstract available.
Recurrence* ; Seizures, Febrile*

We examined excitotoxicity, putatively a major mechanism of ischemic neuronal death, in primary rat retinal cultures. Retinal cultures were prepared from newborn rats (day 1 or 2). Exposure of these cultures (DIV8-10)to NMDA or kainate induced neuronal death. Furthermore, MK-801 or CNQX each partially attenuated glutamateinduced neuronal death, suggesting that both NMDA and kainate receptors mediate it. Thy-1(+) retinal ganglion neurons, like neurons as a whole, were equally injured by NMDA and by kainate. However, GABA(+) or calbindin (+) neurons of the inner nuclear layer were resistant to NMDA, but highly vulnerable to kainate. These neurons may have AMPA/kainate receptors that are highly permeable to Ca2+, as they take up cobalt with kainate stimulation. These results suggest that the AMPA/kainate receptor, rater than the NMDA receptor, may mediate this pattern of selective neurnonal death.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; Animals ; Calbindins ; Cell Death* ; Cobalt ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; GABAergic Neurons ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kainic Acid ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Rats ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Retinal Neurons* ; Retinaldehyde*

The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics of dietary habits and lifestyles related to the development of insulin resistance syndrome(IRS). The participants in this study were 595 adults with one or more abnormal data from a health examination and 215 normal adults. When IRS was defined as a condition in which the subjects have 2 or more abnormalities among obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, the prevalence rate was 37.8%. We classified the 595 adults by the number of components of IRS components they had, the higher age and obesity index they had. Total cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood were also positively related to the number of IRS components. IRS subjects tended to practice less habitual drinking and more exercise and weight control. Coffee consumption and dining out frequency were also lower in the IRS group. An analysis of food habits by odds ratio indicated that total food score was better in the IRS group. However, it appeared that food habits such as \"frequent snacking\" and \"never rejecting offered foods\" need to be improved in IRS subjects. Other undesirable food habits were related to the consumption of eggs, dairy products, fried foods, garlic and onion. Dietary intake of Ca, Fe, riboflavin, Vit A, and energy were less than 75% of the Korean recommended allowance for more than half of the subjects. Nutrient intake was lower, Ca/P ratio from food intake was worse in the IRS group. Our results indicated that nutrition counseling for IRS need to be focused on balanced food intake to supply sufficient amount of each nutrient.
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Coffee ; Counseling ; Daegu* ; Dairy Products ; Drinking ; Eating ; Eggs ; Food Habits ; Garlic ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Life Style* ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Onions ; Ovum ; Prevalence ; Riboflavin

The authors performed midline operation upon esotropia with abducens nerve paralysis and diplopia for 6 months following head trauma. Eye ball was straight without diplopia, but there was no improvement of lateral gaze in the paralytic eye.
Abducens Nerve ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Paralysis