No abstract available.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular*

PURPOSE: Drug resistance plays an important role in the failure of chemotherapy in breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the chemosensitive and chemoresistance indices of breast carcinomas and see if the in vitro chemosensitivity test correlated with the prognostic indices. METHODS: The immunohistochemical expressions of MDR1, MRP1 and topoisomerase IIalpha(topo IIalpha) were studied and then correlated these with the in vitro chemosensitivities using the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) and clinicopathological factors in 51 breast carcinomas. RESULTS: In the breast carcinomas examined, the immunohistochemical expressions of MDR1, MRP1 and topo II alpha were strongly observed in 26 (51.0%), 16 (32.0%), 15 (31.3%) carcinomas, respectively. The MRP1 was more frequently expressed in poorly differentiated carcinomas (P= 0.006), and those of MDR1 and topo II alpha were more frequently observed in tumor overexpressing cerbB2 (P=0.038, P=0.036). The expression of MDR1 was related to that of topo II alpha (P=0.015). Comparing these markers with the in vitro chemosensitivities to cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, adriamycin, taxol and taxotere, no correlations were found between the expression of MDR1, MRP1, and topo II alpha but from the chemosensitivity using the HDRA, the growth inhibition rate for cyclophosphamide was higher in MRP1 expressing carcinomas (P=0.009). CONCLUSION: MDR1, MRP1 and topo II alpha were all found to be associated with the poor prognostic indices, but assessment of their immunohistochemical expressions did not allow for prediction of the response to chemotherapy by the in vitro chemosensitivity test in breast carcinomas.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy ; Fluorouracil ; Paclitaxel

To evaluate a new reliable sclerosant of the gallbladder, we attempted gallbladder ablation with 10% phenol, and the results compared with those from using 95% ethanol which had been used previousy as gallbladder sclerosing agent in laboratory animals in other reports. After laparotomy, ligation of the cystic dusts with silk and cannulation of gallbladder with 18 gauge angiocatheter were done. Then, transcatheter administration of two different scleroing agents was performed in 8 rabbits respectively and normal saline in four rabbits as a control. Additionally, preliminary washing with each agent were implemented to prevent the dilutional effect of residual bile and bleeding. All animals survived without complication. Eight animals were used for each agent, four each being sacrified two weeks and six weeks after adminstration of sclerosing agents respectively. In our results, 10% phenol was more effective than 95% ethanol in denuding the gallbladder epithelium and promoting fibrosis of gallbladder wall, And it was relatively safe in regard to the dilutional effect of residual fluid and bleeding during procedure. Toxic effects on the liver evaluated by examination of histologic specimen were non-specific except for edematous swelling on some cases, which had also been observed on others including control group. 10% phenol can be considered to be a promosing sclerosant for gallbladder ablation, but further study of its toxicity is needed before its application on human gallbladder.
Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Bile ; Catheterization ; Dust ; Epithelium ; Ethanol ; Fibrosis ; Gallbladder* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Ligation ; Liver ; Phenol* ; Rabbits* ; Sclerosing Solutions ; Sclerosis* ; Silk

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal conditions of human chromosomal analysis protocol in peripheral blood sample. METHODS: The experiments were made with the variations of phytohaemagglutinin, colcemid, ethidium bromide concentration and the variations of hypotonic solution exposure time. RESULTS: In the experiment on the optimal phytohaemagglutinin concentration, the highest mitotic index in the overall collected cells was obtained in phytohaemagglutinin concentration 15microL/ml. In the experiment on the concentration of mitotic arrestant colcemid, the proper chromosomal state that is meta phase stage and doesn't have many chromosomal crossings or tangles was obtained in colcemid concentration 0.05microg/ml. In the experiment on the optimal exposure time of hypotonic solution(0.075M KCl) treatment, the most suitable intervals between chromosomes were subtained in 20 minutes. In the experiment on the optimal concentration of ethidium bromide to obtain minute chromosomal bands, the best result was when ethidium bromide concentration 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml was addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The combination of phytohaemagglutinin 15microL/ml, colcemid 0.05microg/ml, hypotonic solution exposure time for 20 minutes is important to the collection of appropriate chromosome state in human chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood. In the case that needs to obtain minute bands, the elongated chromosomes are obtained when ethidium bromide 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml in addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml with the same conditions of phytohaemagglutinin and hypotonic solution.
Demecolcine ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Mitotic Index

Twenty patients with symptomatic congenital cysts in the liver, kidney, thyroid, and lower neck underwent, ultrasound guided percutaneous aspiration through a drainage catheter with temporary instillation of 95% ethanol into the cyst. Our procedure was based on the method as described by Bean and Rodan(16) in 1985. Additionaly, two othe steps were odded to prevent the dilutional effect of residual cyst fluid. One was the preliminary washing of the cyst with alcohol. The other was to treat with 30% replacement of alcohol every 10 minutes during the treatment secession. Minot complications of transient temperature elevation and hziness occurred, butj no major complications were encountered. After the alcohol treatment follow up examinations were performed with computed tomography or ultrasonography at 6 weeks. 6 months. 9 months and 15 months. Although there was diminished size, recurrence was noted in 6 of twenty patients(30%) at 6 weeks and one of twenty patients(5%) at 6 months. There was no recurrence at 9 months and 15 months. The results indicated that percutaneous aspiration and alcohol sclerotherapy are safe and effective therapy for symptomatic congenital cysts.
Catheters ; Cyst Fluid ; Drainage ; Ethanol ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Methods ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy* ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in articles published in the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science over the past decade. Methods: From 2011 to 2020, 653 studies were reviewed using a keyword analysis. Contents such as academic classification, research type, research method, research topic, data collection method, data analysis method, and financial support were analyzed. Results: Analysis by school type showed 34.2% of clinical dental hygiene studies, 23.3% of educational dental hygiene studies, 22.8% of basic dental hygiene studies, 10.0% of other field studies, and 9.8% of social dental hygiene studies. By type of study, quantitative studies were the most common at 69.5%. Regarding data collection methods, 45.8% of the studies that used surveys were the most common. The subjects of the study were 20.1% experimental studies, 15.6% general adults, and 15.0% dental hygienists. Regarding the data analysis method, 49.3% of the studies that conducted frequency analysis were the most common. The total number of keywords was 2,390, with 107 (4.48%) being ‘dental hygienists.’ Next, oral health was the most common with 67 (2.80%) articles, followed by 31 for the elderly (1.30%), 25 for dental hygiene students (1.05%), and 24 for stress (1.00%). Conclusion For academic development of dental hygiene, it is necessary to explore the diversity of academic topics based on the results of this study. It is necessary to find a way to spread the research results so that the published research can be used for the academic development of dental hygiene.

The granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon, benign lesion with a preference for subcutaneous sites. In the head and neck, the tongue is the most common site, followed by the larynx. We experienced a case of a 27-year-old woman with lingual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) surrounded by GCT. The pathological findings established that the lesion was SCC covered by GCT in the midline of the tongue. The size of the mass was very small, however, so we excised it in a diamond shape. There is an interesting association between GCTs and other malignant neoplasms. However, no causal relationship between GCT and these other carcinomas has been established. Here we report on an SCC coexisting with GCT at the same site as a median tongue lesion and review the literature.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diamond ; Female ; Granular Cell Tumor ; Head ; Humans ; Larynx ; Neck ; Tongue

Purpose: Patients who undergo radical surgery for rectal cancer often experience low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Symptoms of this syndrome include frequent bowel movements, gas incontinence, fecal incontinence, fragmentation, and urgency. The aim of this study was to investigate the convergent validity, discriminative validity, and reliability of the Korean version of the LARS score questionnaire. Methods: The English LARS score questionnaire was translated into Korean using the forward-and-back translation method. A total of 146 patients who underwent radical surgery for rectal cancer answered the Korean version of the LARS score questionnaire including an anchor question assessing the impact of bowel function. Participants answered the questionnaire once more after 2 weeks. Results: The Korean LARS score questionnaire showed high convergent validity in terms of high correlation between the LARS score and quality of life (perfect fit 55.5% vs. moderate fit 37.6% vs. no fit 6.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). The LARS score also showed good discriminative validity between groups of patients differing by sex (29 for males vs. 25 for females; P = 0.014), tumor level (29 for ≤8 cm vs. 24 for >8 cm; P = 0.021), and radiotherapy (32 for yes vs. 24 for no; P = 0.001). The LARS score also demonstrated high reliability at test-retest with no difference between scores at the first and second tests (intraclass correlation coefficient: Q1 = 0.932; Q2 = 0.909, Q3 = 0.944, Q4 = 0.931, and Q5 = 0.942; P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The Korean version of the LARS score questionnaire has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring LARS in Korean patients with rectal cancer.

PURPOSE: Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents approximately 10% of all breast cancers. Its detection and staging for appropriate surgical planning may be difficult on account of its unique growth pattern, including a linear file arrangement of the tumor cells and a planar growth pattern and the resulting low density of the lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of an ILC of the breast including multifocality, the preoperative accuracy of the pathological diagnostic tools, and its impact on the surgical procedure. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2003 at the Asan Medical Center, a group of 63 patients with a pathologically proven invasive lobular carcinoma who had undergone surgery were included. They were all in stage I~III, and their medical records, mammographic and sonographic results, and pathologic findings were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 63 patients with a mean age of 48 years (range 35 to 70), multifocal lesions were identified in 27.0% by a pathological examination. For a preoperative evaluation of a multifocal lesion, the sensitivity and positive prediction value were 21.4% and 50% by mammography, and 92.9% and 52.0% by ultrasonography, respectively. Only 27.0% of all patients were confirmed as having an ILC preoperatively; surgical excision or incision biopsies 75%, core-needle biopsy 36.4%, frozen biopsy 22.7%, FNA 5.9%. Conservative surgery was performed in only 14.3% and a mastectomy was performed on 85.5%. The mean tumor size was 3.0 cm, and according to the TNM stage, stage I was found in 22.2%, stage II in 58.7%, stage III in 19.1%. ER-positive was found in 83.9% and PR-positive was found in 74.2%. Seven out of 11 patients, who underwent the planed conserving surgery, had a positive resection margin, 1 case had re- excision, 2 cases underwent mastectomies, and 4 cases underwent radiation therapy without additional surgery. CONCLUSION: Since invasive lobular carcinomas have more often multifocal lesions and a preoperative accurate evaluation may be difficult pathologically or radiologically, a careful evaluation of the accurate tumor extent as well as the multifocal lesion is needed particularly for patients with an ILC considering conserving surgery.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mastectomy ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: In recent years, knowledge of bacterial resistance to antimicobials has expanded in important ways. Availability of an increasing number of antibiotics allows more precise individualization of resistance phenotypes and recording susceptibility results as patterns or phenotypes is valuable for both surveillance and patient care. If the patterns of resistance to panels of related antimicrobials are considered the underlying mechanisms can often be inferred. And the inferred mechanisms make the clinician to be advised to use alternative treatment. Interpretation of resistance phenotypes is based on the comparison of clinical isolates with prototype susceptible bacteria belonging to the same species. But interpretative reading of antimicrobial susceptibility tests requires an immense knowledge of antibiotics. Such interpretative reading is best achieved by computerized expert systems. METHODS: The authors attempt to determine phenotypes for the clinically isolated strains for each class of drugs tested by the Vitek 2 systemTM(bioMerieux, Marcy I'Etoile, France) using the Advanced Expert SystemTM(AES, bioMerieux, Marcy I'Etoile, France). A total of 91, 107, 89, 65, 251, 113, 47, 33, 23, 122 and 110 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus facium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosae and Acinetobacter baumannii, were examined respectively. RESULTS: Biological correction based on the phenotype was recommended from 2.2% of E. faecalis to 46.8% of S. marcescens and therapeutic correction, from 7.3% of A. baumannii to 60.9% of E. aerogenes. A total of 25, 26, 18, 19, 22, 22, 15, 15, 17, 19, 19 phenotypes of S. aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, E. faecalis, E. facium, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, were detected respectively. Association of resistance mechanism from S. aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, show 10, 11, 6, 4 and 3 pairs from resistant phenotypes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vitek AES potentially provides a tool to assist the development of antimicrobial susceptibility interpretation in the clinical microbiology laboratory. The inferred mechanisms make the clinician to be advised to use alternative treatment.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Cloaca ; Coagulase ; Enterobacter aerogenes ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Escherichia coli ; Expert Systems ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Patient Care ; Phenotype* ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Serratia marcescens ; Staphylococcus aureus