Morphological studies have an important role in establishing the timing of irreversible damage occurred in cryptorchid testis. The present study was undertaken to determine how soon definitive sign or testis pathology may appear in cyptorchid testis. Testicular biopsies were collected at the time of orchiopexy from 79 patients during the period from January, 1988 to June, 1990, and then we examined ultrastructural changes of cryptorchid testis with light and electron microscopy. Comparing with normal testis, following results were obtained ; l. The volume of cryptorchid testis became smaller than normal after age of 14. 2. Mean tubular diameter became smaller after age of 14 and basement membrane thickened prominently after age of 20. 3. The increase number of mitochondria appeared at age of 2 4. Cytoplasmic vacuolization became prominent after age of 6, but detachment and loss of ribosome appeared at age of 20. 5. Tunica propria showed marked thickening and collagenous degeneration after age of 14. With above results, we suggest that orchiopexy should be done before age of 2.
Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; Orchiopexy ; Pathology ; Ribosomes ; Testis*

BACKGROUND: Residual and recurrent bile duct stones after biliary surgery cause many difficult problems. and reoperation on biliary tract has limitation due to its high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, various non-operative modalities for management in residual and recurrent stone have been developed. METHODS: We analyzed 69 cases of residual and recurrent bile duct stones which were managed with non-operative modalities at the Department of surgery, Dae Dong Hospital from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1997, and evaluated the efficacy of these modalities. RESULTS: Female exceeded male with a ratio 1.76:1. and the peak incidence of age group was 6th decade. The most common diagnostic procedure was T-tube cholangiography (53.6%). Interval between previous operation and second procedure for residual or recurrent stones was within 6 months in most cases (82%). Cholecystectomy with T-tube choledochostomy was performed most frequently in previous operation. Residual and recurrent stones were found only at common bile duct in 34 cases (49.3%) most commonly. Common bile duct stones were managed most frequently with endoscopic sphincterotomy (39.5%), but the complete removal rate was heighest in choledochoscopic stone removal (100%). Complete removal rate of intrahepatic duct stone was heighest with interventional radiologic stone removal as well as choledochoscopic stone removal (43.6%), but average number of session was smaller in choledochoscopic stone removal (2.5) than interventional radiologic stone removal (3.5). Associated complication with non-operative management modalities were very low, except three cases of hepaticocutaneous jejunostomy. The latter required reoperation due to continuous bile fistula in two cases, and long jejunal loop in one case. CONCLUSIONS: Choledochoscopic stone removal is most effective method in the management of residual and recurrent bile duct stones.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography ; Cholecystectomy ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jejunostomy ; Male ; Methods ; Mortality ; Reoperation ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

PURPOSE: Urinary retention is a frequent postoperative complication after benign anorectal surgery. Factors, known to affect postoperative urinary retention, are age, sex, anesthetics, operative method, operative time and perioperative fluid injection. This study was performed to know whether the incidence of urinary retention might be controlled by reducing the amount of perioperative fluid. METHODS: Eighty patients underwent surgery for hemorrhoids and chronic anal fissures were allocated into two groups, fluid restriction group (n=37) and hydration group (n=43). All patients were consecutively randomized from May 1998 to January 1999 and they were under 50 years old without urologic abnormality. Fluid was infused at 100 ml/h from the midnight then it's rate was changed into 10 ml/h for 4 hours from the beginning of the anesthesia for the restriction group, whereas 1000 ml/h only during operation for the hydration group. Thereafter it was changed into the same rate with 100 ml/h on both groups. RESULTS: There was no significant differences with regard to age, sex, operation time, degree of pain and use of analgesics between two groups. Although there was a significant difference in the total volume of the infused fluid (Restriction group: 53.4 119.5 ml versus Hydration group: 778.6 319.0 ml, mean SD, p<0.001). Catheterization was done in 29 patients of the restriction group (78.4%) and 37 patients of the hydration group (86.0%), respectively. The frequency of catheterization was 1.3 0.7 times in the former and 1.6 0.7 times in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: A strict restriction of fluid infusion appeared to be unnecessary for the purpose of preventing the urinary retention during surgery of benign anorectal diseases with spinal anesthesia.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies* ; Urinary Retention*

Objective: To develop and evaluate a deep learning model for automated segmentation and detection of bone metastasis on spinal MRI. Materials and Methods: We included whole spine MRI scans of adult patients with bone metastasis: 662 MRI series from 302 patients (63.5 ± 11.5 years; male:female, 151:151) from three study centers obtained between January 2015 and August 2021 for training and internal testing (random split into 536 and 126 series, respectively) and 49 MRI series from 20 patients (65.9 ± 11.5 years; male:female, 11:9) from another center obtained between January 2018 and August 2020 for external testing. Three sagittal MRI sequences, including non-contrast T1-weighted image (T1), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon fat-only image (FO), and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted image (CE), were used. Seven models trained using the 2D and 3D U-Nets were developed with different combinations (T1, FO, CE, T1 + FO, T1 + CE, FO + CE, and T1 + FO + CE). The segmentation performance was evaluated using Dice coefficient, pixel-wise recall, and pixel-wise precision. The detection performance was analyzed using per-lesion sensitivity and a free-response receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance of the model was compared with that of five radiologists using the external test set. Results: The 2D U-Net T1 + CE model exhibited superior segmentation performance in the external test compared to the other models, with a Dice coefficient of 0.699 and pixel-wise recall of 0.653. The T1 + CE model achieved per-lesion sensitivities of 0.828 (497/600) and 0.857 (150/175) for metastases in the internal and external tests, respectively. The radiologists demonstrated a mean per-lesion sensitivity of 0.746 and a mean per-lesion positive predictive value of 0.701 in the external test. Conclusion The deep learning models proposed for automated segmentation and detection of bone metastases on spinal MRI demonstrated high diagnostic performance.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is a slow-growing tumor considered to originate from renal mesenchyme and usually discovered before the age of 6 months. The tumor is almost invariably benign but has been mistaken for Wilms` tumor and unnecessarily overtreated. We report a case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma in 2 months aged infant.
Humans ; Infant ; Mesoderm ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic*

OBJECTIVE: 6-Gingerol, one component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) compound, has been known to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-emetic, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic ability of 6-gingerol was investigated in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis were done in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines treated with the various doses of 6-gingerol for the different durations of drug exposure. RESULTS: 6-Gingerol in doses ranging from 100 to 300 microM induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability in prostate cancer cells by using MTT assay. Maximal inhibition of cell viability was observed at 300 microM of 6-gingerol for 48 hours treatment in LNCaP cells. 6-Gingerol at the dose of 100 microM did not produce any significant change in apoptotic cells in flow cytometry analysis. However, significant increase in sub-G0/G1 phase was observed in cells treated with 200 and 300 microM of 6-gingerol. Any significant cell cycle arrest was not induced by 6-gingerol. In western blotting analysis, expression of caspase-3 was not evident in cells treated with 6-gingerol for 24 hours. However, 48 hours treatment with 6-gingerol altered the expression of caspase-3 in LNCaP cells. Expression of cleaved poly showed the dose-dependent fashion in both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment of 6-gingerol. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that 6-gingerol may induce apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Catechols ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Fatty Alcohols ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginger ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) has unique advantages, such as excellent spatial resolution for superficial structures, the capability for dynamic imaging, and the ability for direct correlation and provocation of symptoms. For these reasons, US is increasingly used to evaluate problems in small joints, such as the foot and ankle. However, it is almost impossible to evaluate every anatomic structure within a limited time. Therefore, US examinations can be faster and more efficient if radiologists know where to look and image patients with typical symptoms. In this review, common etiologies of heel pain are discussed in a problem-based manner. Knowing the common pain sources and being familiar with their US findings will help radiologists to perform accurate and effective US examinations.

Synthetic data, generated using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, replicates the statistical properties of real-world datasets while excluding identifiable information.Although synthetic data does not consist of actual data points, it is derived from original datasets, thereby enabling analyses that yield results comparable to those obtained with real data. Synthetic datasets are evaluated based on their utility—a measure of how effectively they mirror real data for analytical purposes. This paper presents the generation of synthetic datasets through the Healthcare Big Data Showcase Project (2019–2023). The original dataset comprises comprehensive multi-omics data from 400 individuals, including cancer survivors, chronic disease patients, and healthy participants. Synthetic data facilitates efficient access and robust analyses, serving as a practical tool for research and education. It addresses privacy concerns, supports AI research, and provides a foundation for innovative applications across diverse fields, such as public health and precision medicine.

Synthetic data, generated using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, replicates the statistical properties of real-world datasets while excluding identifiable information.Although synthetic data does not consist of actual data points, it is derived from original datasets, thereby enabling analyses that yield results comparable to those obtained with real data. Synthetic datasets are evaluated based on their utility—a measure of how effectively they mirror real data for analytical purposes. This paper presents the generation of synthetic datasets through the Healthcare Big Data Showcase Project (2019–2023). The original dataset comprises comprehensive multi-omics data from 400 individuals, including cancer survivors, chronic disease patients, and healthy participants. Synthetic data facilitates efficient access and robust analyses, serving as a practical tool for research and education. It addresses privacy concerns, supports AI research, and provides a foundation for innovative applications across diverse fields, such as public health and precision medicine.

Synthetic data, generated using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, replicates the statistical properties of real-world datasets while excluding identifiable information.Although synthetic data does not consist of actual data points, it is derived from original datasets, thereby enabling analyses that yield results comparable to those obtained with real data. Synthetic datasets are evaluated based on their utility—a measure of how effectively they mirror real data for analytical purposes. This paper presents the generation of synthetic datasets through the Healthcare Big Data Showcase Project (2019–2023). The original dataset comprises comprehensive multi-omics data from 400 individuals, including cancer survivors, chronic disease patients, and healthy participants. Synthetic data facilitates efficient access and robust analyses, serving as a practical tool for research and education. It addresses privacy concerns, supports AI research, and provides a foundation for innovative applications across diverse fields, such as public health and precision medicine.