PURPOSE:Insuline-like growth factor I(IGF-I) is polypeptide mitogen and mediate growth effect of growth hormone(GH). It's serum level is regulated by GH. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether -2 standard deviation of IGF-I level in normal short stature after insuline and L-dopa stimulation test has any diagnostic significance in GH deficiency. METHOD:We included 64 children with GH deficiency(complete GH deiciency 18 cases, partial GH deficiency 46 cases). Their height was below 10 percentile of korean children's standard growth chart. Control group was 175 children whose test results were normal after insuline and L-dopa stimulation test. Serum growth hormone level was measured by IRMA(immunoradiometric assay) with "Daiichi" kit(Japan) and serum IGF-I level was measured with 125I RIA kit (U.S.A). RESULTS: 1)Serum IGF-I level in normal stimulation test result group was increased with the age and the level was higher in female than that of male. 2)Using the cut-off value of -2SD of IGF-I level in control group, sensitivity was 17.2%, specificity was 98.86%, positive predictive value was 84.62%, negative predictive value was 76.55%, and test accuracy was 76.99%. Sensitivity and test accuracy was 44.44% and 93.26% in th complete GH deficiency, respectively. 3)Serum IGF-I level was significantly correlated with peak GH level with insuline stimulation test in control and GH deficiency group(Y=0.018889X+11.32 r= 0.23930 P=0.0014, Y=0.008592X+4.189 r=0.28141 P=0.0267). But serum IGF-I level was was not correlated with peak GH level with L-dopa stimulation test(Y= 0.005609X+13.88 r=0.06625 P=0.3823, Y=0.008293X+2.98 r=0.20895 P=0.1031). CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-I level in GH deficiency group was lower than that of control group and had wide variation of normal range. Based upon above results IGF-I level has limited clinical value in the diagnosis of GH deficiency.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Growth Charts ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Levodopa ; Male ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The prevalences of dermographism in 106 patients with atopic dermatitis and 45 patients with allergic rhinitis were studied using a dermographic tester. The results are as follows : 1. Dermographism was more common in atopic dermatitis(17.0%) than in the general population(6.7%), but no significant difference was observed between allergic rhinitis(6.7%) and general population. 2. The prevalence rates of dermographism were not significantly correlated with the level of serum IgE in both atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Prevalence* ; Rhinitis*

Although basic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis remain largely speculative, many studies on pathogenesis suggest the importance of food and inhalent allergens. To evaluate the frequency of food and house dust mite hypersensitivity and differences in this frequency according to ages, we measured the levels of specific IgE antibodies to egg white, egg yolk, milk, soy, and house dust mites in 119 children with atopic dermatitis. The results showed that 53% of patients had positive RAST to any one kind of allergens. The frequency of food and house dust mite hypersensitivity were 34.5%, 30.3 %, respectively. Among allergens, house dust mites and egg white are the most prevalent allergens in all atopic dermatitis patients. The Prevalence of egg white is most common under the age of 2 years, but those of house dust mites are the dust mites are the highest in the ages of 5-12 years. In conclusion, we recommend an egg restriction diet in atopic dermatitis patients who are less than 2 years old when their symptoms do not improve with general skin care.
Allergens ; Antibodies ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diet ; Dust* ; Egg White ; Egg Yolk ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mites ; Ovum ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Skin Care ; Soy Milk

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Screw loosening has been a common complication and still reported frequently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of the implant fixture and TiN coated abutment screw after repeated delivery and removal with universal measuring microscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Implant systems used for this study were Osstem and 3i. Seven pairs of implant fixtures, abutments and abutment screws for each system were selected and all the fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in liquid unsaturated polyesther with dental surveyor. After 20 times of repeated closing and opening test, the evaluation for the change of inner surface of implant and TiN-coated abutment screw, and weight loss were measured. Mann-Whitney test with SPSS statistical software for Window was applied to analyze the measurement of weight loss. RESULTS: TiN-coated abutment screws of Osstem and 3i showed lesser loss of weight than non-coated those of Osstem and 3i (P < .05, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION: Conclusively, TiN coating of abutment screw showed better resistance to abrasion than titanium abutment screw. It was concluded that TiN coating of abutment screw would reduce the loss of preload with good abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction, and help to maintain screw joint stability.
Collodion ; Friction ; Joints ; Tin ; Titanium ; Weight Loss

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Unlike screw-retention type, fixture-abutment retention in Locking taper connection depends on frictional force so it has possibility of abutment to sink. PURPOSE: In this study, Bicon(R) Implant System, one of the conical internal connection implant system, was used with applying loading force to the abutments connected to the fixture. Then the amount of sinking was measured. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 Bicon(R) implant fixtures were used. First, the abutment was connected to the fixture with finger force. Then it was tapped with a mallet for 3 times and loads of 20 kg corresponding to masticatory force using loading application instrument were applied successively. The abutment state, slightly connected to the fixture without pressure was considered as a reference length, and every new abutment length was measured after each load's step was added. The amount of abutment sinking (mm) was gained by subtracting the length of abutment-fixture under each loading condition from reference length. RESULTS: It was evident, that the amount of abutment sinking in Bicon(R) Implant System increased as loads were added. When loads of 20 kg were applied more than 5 - 7 times, sinking stopped at 0.45 +/- 0.09 mm. CONCLUSION: Even though locking taper connection type implant shows good adaption to occlusal force, it has potential for abutment sinking as loads are given. When locking taper connection type implant is used, satisfactory loads are recommended for precise abutment location.
Bite Force ; Fingers ; Friction ; Retention (Psychology)

No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

In periodontics, much progress was made in the understanding of periodontal disease from 1960s to 1980s and in prevention and management of periodontal disease since the end of 1980s. This presentation will discuss about the prevalence of periodontal disease, treatment need, and provision of periodontal treatment in Korea, and how we could manage the periodontal disease efficiently in the future. According to an epidemiological study in Korea, periodontal disease(including gingivitis) was present in 82% of general population and periodontitis in 30-40% in adult population over 30y and juvenile periodontitis in 0.1% of adolescents. If we consider that at least 17% of these patients may have recurrent or refractory forms, there is obviously an abundance of disease that needs treatment. As a result of increase in life expectancy, senile population over 65 y will be increased from 6% in 1996 to 6.9% in 2000, and tooth retention rate and periodontal treatment need are expected to increase. Periodontists need all the help they can get from the general dentists to control periodontal disease. As for provision, postgraduate course in periodontics started in 1957 in Korea and produced over 700 specialized dentists in periodontics. One report indicated that the periodontists as well as general practitioners did periodontal therapy on only a few periodontal patients, because of specific control by current medical insurance system in Korea. Comprehensive periodontal examination is rarely done in local dental clinic. Therefore, enhancement of periodontal care in medical insurance system and education of simplified periodontal examination such as Periodontal Screening & Recording will make dentists diagnose and manage the management of adult patients is based on the recognition that there are multiple diseases, including gingivitis, chronic adlt periodontitis, and other more aggressive forms of periodontitis, and requires the earliest possible recognition of these three disease categories. In this presentation, we discuss practical approach using PSR to diagnose, manage and refer the patients, to facilitate the separation of the simple from the complex and the predictable from the unpredictable form of periodontal diseases and to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic techniques into private practice today.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aggressive Periodontitis ; Dental Clinics ; Dentists ; Education ; Epidemiologic Studies ; General Practitioners ; Gingivitis ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea* ; Life Expectancy ; Mass Screening ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontics ; Periodontitis ; Prevalence ; Private Practice ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Hepatitis B virus(HBV) with various mutations has been reported. The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency and manifestation of HBV pre-S/S mutations in children with chronic hepatitis B infection. METHODS: Sera from 17 children with chronic hepatitis B infection were analyzed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplification of HBV DNA. Results: Seventeen cases of adr type were analyzed. The deletions in HBV pre-S region were observed in 3(17.6%) of 17 cases. Of 3 deleted cases, 2 had an in-phase deletion in the pre-S1 region spanning 18 bp. Another case had a 18 bp and 3 bp deletions in the pre-S1 region. Many point mutations in HBV pre-S region were detected in all cases and these mutations were observed more frequently in the pre-S2 region than the pre-S1 region. Six point mutations in the pre-S1 region were observed. Eight point mutations in pre-S2 region were observed. Point mutations in the S region were detected in 14(82.4%) of 17 cases. Among these, mutations of the "a" determinant were detected in 4(23.5%) of 17 cases. Mutations at codon 130 and at codon 146 were noted in 2 cases. Combined mutations at codon 124, 126, 146 and at 130, 131, 136, 146 were noted in the other 2 cases. Mutations except "a" determinant region included at codon 3, 29, 73, 120, 184, 214, 226, 227. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that deletion and point mutations in HBV pre-S1, pre- S2 regions and point mutations in HBV S region are frequent in the children with chronic hepatitis B infection.
Child* ; Codon ; DNA ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Multimorbidity and suicide rates are on the rising among older Korean population. Recent studies have shown that multimorbidity is associated with increased suicidal ideation. Thus, this study was to investigate individual factors of suicidal ideation among older Korean adults with multimorbidity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a subsample (n=20,533) with multimorbidity aged 65 over of the 2017 Korean community health survey. Binary logistic regression model assessed the association of physical activity, sitting times, self-reported sleep duration, and depression with suicidal ideation in older adults with multimorbidity. Results: Overall, 2,790 (13.6%) of the sample reported suicidal ideation within the past year. Logistic regression analysis showed that women, low monthly family income, low physical activity, long sitting times, inappropriate sleep duration and depression were significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation in older adults with multimorbidity. Conclusions To reduce the rate of suicidal ideation in older adults with multimorbidity, healthcare providers should be aware of the importance on routine assessment for physical activities, sleep pattern, and mental status of older adults in clinical settings. Particularly, female and low-income older adults with multimorbidity should be prioritized for early detection and individualized suicide prevention based on our findings.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the distinct cognitive trajectories for 8 years according to living arrangement among community-dwelling older adults using the Korean longitudinal study of ageing. Methods: We analyzed data from a final sample of 3,049 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who participated in at least three cognitive function measures in an 8-year period (2012-2020). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean mini mental state examination. Latent class growth model analysis was applied to determine the number and shape of trajectories of older adults according to living arrangement.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for cognitive function trajectories. Results: We identified five trajectory patterns in cognitive function among older adults living alone; ‘high-stable (35.6%)’, ‘high-declining (32.5%)’, ‘moderate-steep declining (6.2%)’, ‘low-stable (18.9%)’, and ‘low declining (6.8%)’. In older adults living with family, there were four trajectory patterns; ‘high-stable (46.4%)’, ‘high-declining (32.0%)’, ‘low-stable (15.9%)’, and ‘low-declining (5.7%)’. Age, instrumental activities of daily living, and depression were common factors of cognitive changes in both older adults living alone and those living with family members. However, monthly incomes was only associated with the risk of cognitive function in older adults living alone. Conclusions We found that cognitive function trajectories among older adults may differ depending on the type of living arrangement. Therefore, further studies and health policies are required for avoiding cognitive impairment by living arrangement among older adults based on the results of this study.