This study was designed to investigate the major factors affecting selection of delivery facilities by pregnant women. Five hundred women hospitalized at 23 Seoul-area delivery facilities, such as university hospitals, general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics were selected and given questionnaires from April 24 to May 7, 1990. A total of 350 questionnaires were collected and analysed for the study. The results are as follows; 1. In general, variables which significantly affected the choice of delivery facilities included the age of women, their educational level, the educational level of their husbands, monthly average incomes and residential areas. 2. In analyzing the obstetrical characteristics of the women, those variables significantly affecting the choice of delivery facilities were the gestational period, the facilities for prenatal care, the frequency of prenatal care, the type of delivery, the frequency of miscarriage, previous delivery experiences and the awareness on prenatal care. 3. In comparing the motivation factors for selecting the delivery facilities, all the factors except convenience and need for hospitalization differed significantly among delivery facilities. 4. The factor analysis was assessed for twenty possible factors motivating the choice of delivery facilities. Six factors including personal service, scale of the facility, reputation, urgency, convenience, and experience were noted explaining by 57.7%. 5. In the discriminant analysis used to clarify the major factors affecting the selection of delivery facilities, the 16 significant variables were regarded as independent variables, and the type of delivery facilities was considered a dependent variable. The stepwise method was applied to the analysis. Detected discriminant variables were the facilities for prenatal care, scale factor, personal service factor, urgency factor, convenience factor, reputation factor, experience factor, gestational period, types of delivery, frequency of miscarriage, age and income. These 12 discriminant variables were tested, with reference to discriminant prediction, on their importance in the choice of the delivery facility, by the discriminant functional formula. The test showed a hit-rate of 67.7%. The results suggest that general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, and motivations for selecting the delivery facilities differ significantly according to the types of the delivery facilities. This study implies that all types of delivery facilities should attempt to acommodate characteristics and motivations of pregnant women. The facilities should be prepared to increase their patients satisfaction with required medical conditions by improving service and responding to the pregnant women's preferences.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Motivation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Prenatal Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses

No abstract available.
Humans ; Seoul* ; Visual Acuity*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the treatment results according to bone union, union time, and complications, including infection of unreamed nailing of tibial fractures between closed and open fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 64 tibial shaft fractures that were treated with unreamed tibial nail. These included 42 closed fractures and 22 open fractures. RESULTS: Average union time of closed fractures was 19.8 weeks and that of open fractures was 20.2 weeks, nonunion rate were 4/42 and 3/22 in closed and open fractures. Average union time were 19.2, 20.4, 21.3 weeks in open grade I, II, llla fractures. According to the type of fractures, average union time were 18.5, 20.2, 24.6 weeks and nonunion rate were 2/29, 3/26, 2/9 in type A, B, C fractures. According to the level of fractures, average union time were 20.0, 20.3, 19.4 weeks and nonunion rate were 1/5, 4/37, 2/22 in proximal, middle, and distal fractures. There was no significant differences in average period of radiologic union, infection rate and nonunion rate between closed and open fracture group, but longer union time and higher nonunion rate in complex and comminuted fractures (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We consider unreamed intramedullary nailing in the tibial shaft fractures as a good treatment modality for closed and open grade I, II, IIIa fractures
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Tibial Fractures*

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Korea*

The objective of this study is to differentiate the mild dementia of Alzheimer type from the questionable dementia and non-demented elderly using the neurocognitive assessment. Subjects of 28 women who were registered to kwangju Community Mental Health Center were as follows: 14 non-demented, 9 questionable dementia, 5 mild dementia of Alzheimer type. The diagnosis were made using DSM-IV, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. The neurocognitive functions were assessed with following test tools 1) attention: Digit span, Visual span, Continuous attention; 2) memory: Logical memroy, Verbal paired associates-easy/hard 3) visual perception and visuospatial ability: Visual recognition test, Construction; and 4) language: Comprehension and Aphasia severity rating scale; 5) higher cortical function: Hypothesis formation, Perseveration, Similarity, Judgment, and Go-No-Go test. Group differences were analyzed with one way ANOVA test in SPSS 8.0 for win and LSD method as post-hoc analysis. The questionable dementia group showed significant difference in Verbal paired associateseasy pair, Construction, Aphasia severity rating scale and Similarity from the non-demented normal control group but showed no difference from the mildly demented group. These results suggest that the questionable dementia is actually very early or very mild stage of dementia of the Alzheimer type.
Aged* ; Aphasia ; Comprehension ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Judgment ; Logic ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Memory ; Mental Health ; Visual Perception

PURPOSE: Nonunion and metal failure as a complication may occur in femoral fractures, which are treated with plate and screw or intramedullary nail. The authors clinically reviewed metal failure patients from initial operation to rehabilitation program, and analyzed the cause of failure and attempted to establish more rational methods of management and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients of metal failure, treated at Kyungpook National University Hospital from 1989 to 1998, were included in this study. We studied the relationship between the initial site of fracture, type of fracture, time interval of metal failure, configuration of metal failure, probable cause of metal failure, and secondary reconstructive operation for metal failure. RESULTS: Dynamic compression plate was the most frequently (12cases) used implant. The most common site and type of fracture were proximal 1/3 of femoral shaft (8cases) and transverse fractures (11cases). As the configuration of metal failure, breakage of the plate or nail were more common at proximal or distal 1/3 of the shaft. There was no relationship between the time interval of metal failure and the initial site or type of fracture. The most probable cause of metal failure was improper rehabilitation in 6 cases (75%), other causes were another source of external force, inadequate bone support, improper choice of implant and infection. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent metal failure, we must preserve the periosteum and soft tissue, use bone-grafting at the time of treatment and employ cooperative rehabilitation therapy to implement gradual increasing non-weight bearing joint exercise, partial-and full-weight bearing excercise.
Femoral Fractures ; Femur* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Internal Fixators* ; Joints ; Periosteum ; Rehabilitation

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Korea*

Smoking, obesity and diet are just a few of the multifactors which have been suggested to be associated with the risk of CHD. It is a common phenomenon that persons who stop smokin gain weight. This fear of gaining weight is often given as a reason for giving up to quit smoking. The purpose of this study is to find the effects of cessation of smoking on body weight and the difference of BMI distribution according to smoking habits. The subjects of this study were 72 techinical high school teachers in Seoul and Kyounggi-Do, 85 offical wokers of the S-Company and 81 auto industrial workers in PyoungTaek. The investigation for this study has been conducted from Oct. 27th to Oct. 31st 1997. The method was self-feported questionnaire survey which consists of general characterisics, smoking habits and its relevant questions. The questionnaires were revised after two-times of pre-tests, carried out for twenty subjects. The results are as follows ; 1. Smoking habits have significant relations with diet, exercise, drinking and the amount of daily smoking. 2. BMI among different smoking habits groups showed significant differences in following variables ; age, the interaction between exercise and smoking habits, drinking level, the interaction etween drinking level and smoking habits and the interaction between total smoking duration and smoking gabits. 3. The mean values of BMI are 23.5 in non-smoker, 23.8 in ex-smoker and 23.4 in current smoker. There are no statistically significant differencs among amoking habits. 4. The average of 2.14kg weight gain is witnessed after 6 months of the cessation of smoking. Current weight was high by 3.89kh in average compared to the pre-cessation weight(p=0.0001). 5. The odds ratio for gaining weight among ex-smokers is 8.94 in "increase or very increase" group in diet compared to those of "no change". 6. The multiple regression analysis has a significant model in current smoker(p=0.001). The mean BMI of those who were "very active" in exercise is higher than that of "inactive" or "active". The mean BMI of those who were "light or moderate ot heavy drinker" is lower than that of "non-drinker". The mean BMI of those who have the monthly income 1.5millions-1.99millions won is significantly higher than those having less than 1.5millions or more than 2.0millions won. The implication of this study could suggest that health education for smoking cessation needs new approches to minimize weight gain.
Adult* ; Body Weight ; Diet ; Drinking ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male* ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Weight Gain ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by excisional biopsy of a left frontal skin lesion. During the first cycle of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), the patient complained of right ocular pain and inflammation. Cytologic examination using aqueous humor revealed atypical lymphocytes, suggesting intraocular ALCL involvement. Acute angle closure developed in the anterior chamber due to rapid progression of ALCL, causing pupillary block. Laser and surgical interventions were attempted but failed to relieve the pupillary block. Finally, radiation therapy resolved the pupillary block to restore the anterior chamber and normalize intraocular pressure. This is the first case in the English literature of ALCL involving the iris to cause acute secondary angle closure.
Adult ; Anterior Eye Segment/*pathology ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/*diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Positron-Emission Tomography

A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by excisional biopsy of a left frontal skin lesion. During the first cycle of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), the patient complained of right ocular pain and inflammation. Cytologic examination using aqueous humor revealed atypical lymphocytes, suggesting intraocular ALCL involvement. Acute angle closure developed in the anterior chamber due to rapid progression of ALCL, causing pupillary block. Laser and surgical interventions were attempted but failed to relieve the pupillary block. Finally, radiation therapy resolved the pupillary block to restore the anterior chamber and normalize intraocular pressure. This is the first case in the English literature of ALCL involving the iris to cause acute secondary angle closure.
Adult ; Anterior Eye Segment/*pathology ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/*diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Positron-Emission Tomography