No abstract available.

To clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of hemodialysis on lipid peroxidation in RBC membrane structures, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) which is the lipid peroxidation product, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined before and after hemodialysis in the RBCs from 20 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), and from 14 healthy subjects. Before dialysis, MDA levels in the RBCs from the patients with ESRD were higher than those from healthy controls. SOD and catalase activities in the RBCs were lower. After hemodialysis, MDA, SOD, and catalase in the RBCs from the patients with ESRD were normalized. These results indicate that hemodialysis treatment is helpful to protect the peroxidative darnage through normalizing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Catalase ; Dialysis ; Erythrocytes* ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde* ; Membranes ; Renal Dialysis* ; Superoxide Dismutase

Normal gingival fibroblasts functioning is fundamental for the maintenance of periodontal connective tissue as well as wound healing. Nicotine have been found to affect DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, which appear to depend on the type of cells. This in vitro study was done to determine the effects of nicotine, a major component of tobacco, on cell proliferation, viability, activity, cell cycle distribution, and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in human gingival fibroblasts. Nicotine has been tested for 2 days or 4 days in 5 different concentrations; 0.1 microgram/ml; 1 microgram/ml; 10 microgram/ml; 100 microgram/ml; 1000 microgram/ml. To assess cell proliferation and viability, viable and non-viable cells were counted by hemocytometer; to evaluate cellular activity, MTT assay was employed; to analyze cell cycle distribution, fluorescent propidium iodide-DNA complex were measured using fluorocytometer; to determine the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, western blot analysis was performed. After 2 days and 4 days incubation respectively, at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml, nicotine significantly inhibited proliferation comparing to non-supplemented controls. The cell viability was significantly decreased after 2 days and 4 days at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml and at 10 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml respectively. After 2 days and 4 days, the cellular activity was significantly decreased at concentrations of 10 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml. Treatment with 100 microgram/ml nicotine for 48 hours caused an increase in the proportion of G1-phase cells (from 46.41% to 53.46%) and a decrease in the proportion of S-phase cells (from 17.80% to 14.27%). The levels of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 proteins in nicotine-treated fibroblasts were lower than that of controls, whereas the levels of p16 and pRB were higher than that of controls. These results suggest that the decrease of cell proliferation and lengthened Gap phases (G1) by nicotine may due to the increased expression of p16 and pRB as well as decreased expression of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 in human gingival fibroblasts.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Connective Tissue ; Cyclin D ; Cyclin D1 ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Nicotine* ; Propidium ; Tobacco ; Wound Healing

Purification of islets in pancreas islet cell transplantation has some potential advantages ,such as more safety, improved islet cell implantation, and reduced immunogenicity, compared with an unpurified pancreas islet cell transplantation. We evaluated the effect of islet cell purification on islet yields, hemodynamics, and graft outcome following intraportal canine pancreas islet cell transplantation. The baseline characteristics, including body weight, pancreas weight and collagenase recirculation time for the unpurified group(n=12) and the purified group(n=17) did not show any significant difference(P>0.05). The mean cell pellet volume before intraportal injection was 25.4 ml in the unpurified group and 7.2ml in the purified group(P<0.05). Islet equivalent(IE) was 103,100+/-62,700 in the unpurified group and 68,900+/-45,600 in the purified group(P>0.05). Mean recovery rate of islet after purification was 66.8%. The portal pressure change after intraportal islet injection was significantly less in the purified group(16.2+/-11.3 cmH2O vs 6.2+/-2.0 cmH2O, P<0.05). Also, the pulse rate change was significantly less in the purified group(14.5+/-5.9/min vs 6.3+/-4.5/min, P<0.05). A comparison of the hemodynamic changes and islet yields according to the degree of purity(high purity> OR =70%, n=4 vs low purity <70%, n=13) in the purified group, showed significant hemodynamic stability in the high purity group, but no significant difference in the islet recovery rate between the low and high purity group(58.6% vs 61.7%). Glucose was controlled in 3 cases(25.0%) in the unpurified group and 7 cases(41.2%) in the purified group. Death due to portal hypertension occurred in 2 cases(16.7%) in unpurified group and 2 cases(11.7%) in the purified group. Interestingly, in the highly purified group, all the animals were alive with normoglycemia during the follow up period. We conclude that purified pancreas islet cell transplantation, especially in a highly purified group, has distinct hemodynamic advantages compared with unpurified islet transplantation following intraportal islet injection. However further research to develop the methods that will minimize the loss of islet yields during purification and enhance the purity is neccessary to achieve a successful islet transplantation with a long-term good result.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Collagenases ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension, Portal ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Pancreas* ; Portal Pressure ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Hypoglycemia*

No abstract available.
Glycosylation End Products, Advanced

No abstract available.
Humans ; Precision Medicine*

Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. At present, a variety of classes of oral hypoglycemic agents are available to improve glycemic control, including newer classes of drugs such as DPP-IV inhibitors. Decreased renal function with reduced glomerular filtration rate affects the choices, dosing, and monitoring of oral hypoglycemic agents, as some agents require dose adjustments in patients with chronic kidney disease and others are entirely contraindicated. This article reviews the clinical use of oral hypoglycemic agents, focusing on pharmacokinetic properties and dosing in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Administration, Oral ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Foreign body aspiration is most likely to occur in children and in adults aged above 60 years, causing a respiratory emergency, such as airway closure. It is diagnosed based on a history of aspiration, presenting symptoms, and radiographic findings. The treatment may include removal of the foreign body via bronchoscopy or surgery. Here, we report a rare case of bronchial aspiration of a foreign body, confirmed with clinical and radiographic examinations, in a 57-year-old patient. The patient was transferred for treatment; however, spontaneous passage of the foreign body to the gastrointestinal tract led to its removal from the bronchus.
Adult ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Emergencies ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Aspiration

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Ezetimibe ; Humans ; Rosuvastatin Calcium