Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the most common malignant tumor in Korean women. It is well known that carcinogenesis is a multi-step event involoving the inactivation of tumor supressor genes, such as p53 gene and RB gene. The inactivation of the normal functions of the tumor-suppressor proteins pRB and p53 are important steps in human cervical carcinogenesis, either by mutation or from complex formation with the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins. The pRB protein regulates early cell cyle progression by controlling transit through the G1 phase of the cell cyle. The p53 tumor suppressor gene product also plays a role in cell cycle control by the transcriptional regulation of cyclin-CDK inhibitor. Cervical carcinoma is an excellent model for studying the stepwise progression of cell transformation because this is reflected morphologically by the increasing dysplasia of the squamous cells before it becomes and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of pRB and compared that with overexpression of p53 in a series of cervical lesions including normal tissuess, dysplasias, carcinoma in situ and carcinomas by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to elucidate the role of these tumor suppressor genes. The result were as follows: 1. In normal cervical mucosa and CIN I , a few positively stained cells for pRB were seen in basal and parabasal layer. 2. An abnormality of pRB, loss of expression was seen in 23.8% of CIN III and in 10.8% of invasive carcinoma. 3. Overexpression of p53 was demonstrated in 14.3% of CIN III and in 59.5% of invasive carcinoma. 4. The immunoreactivity of p53 was significantly increased (p<0.05) in stage II, III than stage I , whereas downregulation of pRB and tumor stage was not correlated. 5. The immunoreactivity of p53 was significantly increased (p<0.05) in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and CIN III. These result suggest that an alteration of pRB is more frequently implicated in CIN III than invasive carcinoma, whereas overexpression of p53 may be involevd in late progression of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Cervix Uteri ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; G1 Phase ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Oncogene Proteins ; Retinoblastoma Protein*

The authors attempted to choose what has the best reproducibility and predictability for prognosis of the prostatic adenocarcinoma among four most widely used gradings methods; the Gleason's Mostofi's, Bocking and MD Anderson hospital systems. According to these gradings systems, each of two pathologists made histologic gradings of 40 consecutive prostatic adenocarcinomas which had been diagnosed with the surgically resected specimens. Correlation between the histological grades and the clinical stages was studied and a comparison was made among each system. For the comparison, the Gleason's and MDAH systems were revised as 3 grades and adjusted to the other gradings systems. In this study, MDAH grading system yielded the highest reproducibility as represented by 90% agreement, as compared with the other systems which showed 82.5~87.5% agreement. By the Gleason's, Mostofi's and Bocking's systems, 46.2%, 23.1% and 46.2% of grade 3 tumors respectively fell under the clinical stage A. On the contrary, there were no cases of grade 3 in stage A and no cases of grade 1 in stage D, by MDAH gradings system. These results suggest that MDAH gradings system is superior to the other systems in reproducibility and for predicting the biological behavior.
Adenocarcinoma

Apocrine carcinoma is a rare type of mammary cancer, which shows partial or total apocrine differentiation in either ductal or lobular carcinoma. The malignant transformation of apocrine epithelium of the breast was first described by Krompecher in 1916. It is well known that their relationship to true apocrine glands of the skin is only a morphological similarity, and this histological difference does not affect the prognosis. The authors experienced two cases of apocrine carcinoma of the breast which involved infiltrating ductal carcinoma of a 64-year old woman and intraductal carcinoma of a 69-year old woman respectively. Electron microscopic examination and brief review of literature was done.
Female ; Humans

Kupffer cells are tissue macrophages (histiocytes) fixed in hepatie sinusoids. Since malignant hepatocytes are the only tumor parencymal cells of the hepatocellular carcinoma, theoretically there are no Kupffer cells within the hepatocellular carcinoma. To clarify whether it is true or not, 12 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma of the trabecular type with some extents of the non-neoplastic surrounding liver were subjected to immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme and S-100 protein and the results are as follows. 1) Kupffer cells were stained positively by the immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme but not for S-100 protein, indicating that they are monocyte derived macrophages. 2) Kupffer cells were also present within the hepatocellular carcinoma, but were 2-7 times fewer within the hepatocellular carcinoma than in the non-neoplastic areas (p<0.05). 3) The non-neoplastic hepatic tissue of patients with serum HBsAg shows a tendency to have more kupffer cells than those without HBsAg.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis*

Mullerian Mucinous papillary Cyatadenernas of Borderline tumor(MMBT) is lined by mucinous epithelium of endocervical type and is characterized by papillae architecturally similer to those of serous horderline tumors, It has been described rarely in the literature, Thia case was reported with a brief review of the concerened literatures. It has important clinical and pathological diBerences from mucinous birderline tumors with intestinal differentiation, but has many similatities to mixed epithelial borderline tumora of Mulierian type. Recently, a case of MMBT in a 22 years old woman was experienced at our department. We presented this case with a brief review of literature.
Cystadenoma, Papillary* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Young Adult

This study was undertaken to elucidate the short-term effect of iron on the hyperplastic lesions of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. The Solt-Farber's resistant hepatocyte model was chosen for the experiment, and Sprague-Dawley rats wee divided into six groups: normal control, iron-rich diet administration with or without hydroxyquinoline. The iron content, microscopic changes, bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) labelling index and the DNA polidy were studied. In the carcinogen administered group, oval cell proliferation and consecutive hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte developed regardless of iron administration. The hepatic iron content was increased rimarkably by iron administration, but gradually decreased as the hyperplastic lesions developed in carcinogen administered groups. Although the administration of iron without carcinogen induced hepatic accumulation of stainable iron, the hyperplastic lesions appeared to be lack of it. BrdU labelling indices of the oval cells and the hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte were very high and were not significantly altered by iron administration. Most liver cells had diploid or tetraploid DNA content, but there was an increase of diploidy as the development of hyperplastic lesions regardless of iron administration. The results indicate that the chemical carcinogen-induced hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte do not accumulate iron, and that short-term iron administration does not affect the development of hyperplastic lesions and their proliferative activity and DNA ploidy.
Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

No abstract available.
Uterus*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute* ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes*

To provide ideas for the recognition of neonatal and infantile liver diseases caused by cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection, histopathological examinations were made on hepatic tissues obtained by biopsy or autopsy from 23 patients. All patients were sero-positive for IgM anti CMV and had no other known or suggested etiologic factors for their liver disease. There were five different types of liver diseases: 8 cases of giant cell hepatitis(34.8%), 4 cases of biliary atresia(17.4%), 5 cases of biliary atresia with changes of neonatal hepatitis(21.7%), 4 cases of diffuse hepatic fibrosis(17.4%) and 2 cases of hepatic necrosis with CMV inclusion(8.7%). The diffuse hepatic fibrosis involved both the hepatic lobules and portal areas without evidences of regeneration. This type of liver disease appeared to be a chronic progressive illness that began during the first week of life, and in 3 of 4 cases, the liver biopsy was dong at 5 to 9 months after birth. The two patients showing CMV inclusion in their liver were premature of debilitated, and died within I month after birth. Diffuse hepatic necrosis as well as the cytomegalic change of bile duct epithelium was characteristic. The findings suggest that the pattern of CMV liver disease depends on the major site of hepatic injury, the status of status of patient's defense mechanism and the chronicity of illness.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Biopsy