Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of Coxsackie virus A6 (CV-A6)- related pediatric hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). Methods The data of all children patients with HFMD infected with CV-A6 in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were collected. According to the clinical manifestations, the patients were divided into common type and severe type. The clinical and laboratory manifestations of the two groups were compared. Results A total of 247 children with HFMD infected with CV-A6 were included, of which 78.95% (195 / 247) were common type and 21.05% (52/247) were severe type. Most cases of CV-A6 related critical HFMD were characterized by high fever, rash, age less than 36 months, and elevated leukocyte and C-reactive protein levels. Critically ill HFMD patients had higher male proportion, long-term fever, loss of appetite, enlarged tonsils, diarrhea, vomiting, elevated levels of creatine kinase and blood glucose, and higher positive proportion of fecal occult blood (P < 0.05). The main complications of critically ill patients were aseptic meningitis (27/52, 51.92%) and pulmonary edema (5/52, 9.62%). Conclusion Critical HFMD patients caused by CV-A6 should not be ignored. Aseptic meningitis and pulmonary edema are the main complications.

BACKGROUND : This study was initiated to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components as risk factors for cardiovascular disease according to insulin resistance in the Korean adult population. METHODS : This study was conducted as a branch of the Korean Metabolic Syndrome (KMS) Study: 1,091 individuals aged 30 79 years participating in medical check-up in Korea Association of Health (KAH) were included in this study. We checked fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, proinsulin, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and abdominal ultrasonography. We divided all of the examinees into three groups (insulin sensitive, intermediate, resistant tertiles) according to their degree of insulin resistance and correlated this with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS : The relative risk of metabolic syndrome was 84.1-fold higher in the insulin resistant tertile group compared to the insulin sensitive tertile group. Diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 10.2-fold; hypertension, 1.8-fold; dyslipidemia, 2.8-fold; hypercholesterolemia, 2.5-fold; fatty liver, 3.0-fold. Abdominal obesity rather than general obesity was more contributory to insulin resistance. CONCLUSION : Although this is a cross-sectional study, we can show that insulin resistance is one of the most-striking risk factors in metabolic syndrome and can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we should monitor the healthy insulin-resistant population to prevent ongoing cardiovascular diseases. More prolonged data should be gained to refine the correlations of insulin resistance to metabolic syndrome.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Korea ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Proinsulin ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography ; Waist Circumference

Objective To investigate the serum levels of vitamins and antioxidative indexes as well as theircorrelations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),and to analyze the influence of different detection methods on same index detection result.Methods Eighty NAFLD patients diagnosed by ultrasound were chosen for detecting the indexes,including the levels of serum RBP,vitamin A (VA),vitamin D (VD,ELISA and enzyme donor competition method),vitamin E (VE),vitamin B12 (VB12),and antioxidative indexes,including malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD,pyrogallol substrate method and WST-1 method) and reduced glutathione (GSH).Results Compared with the normal reference values,the deficiency rate of serum RBP,VA,VD,VE and SOD in NAFLD patients were 11.6％,38.4％,7.9％,86.0％ and 27.9％ respectively.The serum GSH level in the NAFLD group was lower than that in the healthy control group (P＜0.01).Detecting serum VD and SOD by different detection method found that the difference among different detection methods had statistical significance (P＜0.01).Conclusion The levels of serum VA,VE,GSH and SOD in NAFLD patients are significantly reduced.These detection indicators have the important significance for clinical diagnosis of NAFLD.