Dental trauma is a common oral condition in children. For single-type trauma to young permanent teeth, timely treatment often results in a high survival rate for both the teeth and the pulp. However, in cases of complex dental trauma or when supernumerary teeth are impacted near the apex of the injured tooth, the prognosis is less predictable. This article reports a case of root fracture in an immature maxillary permanent central incisor combined with impacted supernumerary tooth in the apical region. After supernumerary tooth extraction and pulp revascularization therapy, the case demonstrated a good treatment outcome over a nearly 10-year follow-up period.
Child ; Humans ; Incisor/injuries* ; Maxilla ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Fractures/complications* ; Tooth Root/injuries* ; Tooth, Impacted/surgery* ; Tooth, Supernumerary/surgery*

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in the isthmus (PTMCI) and the independent risk factors of central lymph node metastasis.Methods:58 consecutive patients with PTMCI admitted from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2018 (isthmus group) were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 43 females,age (42.93±12.69) years old; According to the specific location of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in isthmus, PTMCI were subdivided into the right PTMCI and the left PT-MCI 67 patients with a single PTMC located in the unilateral lobe were randomly selected as a control (lobe group) , including 13 cases of male and 54 cases of female, age (47.18±11.34) years old. Index included the patient’s age, gender, tumor diameter, TPOAb, aspect ratio, microcalcification, capsular invasion, lymph node metastasis, surgical methods, operation method, and scope of lymph node dissection. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The quantitative data of normal distribution was expressed as ± s,and the difference between the two groups was compared by chi-square test.The risk factors of CLNM of the isthmus group were analyzed with univariate chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The difference was statistically significant if P<0.05. Results:Compared with PTMC, PTMCI showed a higher rate of capsule invasion ( P=0.003) ,lymph node metastasis ( P=0.049) ,lymph node metastasis in central region ( P=0.033) ,and surgical methods between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) ;But PTMCI was significantly lower than PTMC in aspect ratio>1 ( P<0.05) . Univariate analysis showed that capsule invasion ( P=0.001) and microcalcification ( P=0.012) were risk factors for PTMCI lymph node metastasis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that capsule invasion ( P=0.016) and microcalcification ( P=0.046) were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMCI. Conclusions:Compared with PTMC,PTMCI indicates a higher rate of capsular invasion,lymph node metastasis in prelaryngeal and central lymph node;Compared with PTMC, PTMCI indicates a lower rate of aspect ratio>1; Capsule invasion and microcalcification are independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMCI. For patients with the right PTMCI or the left PTMCI and also without capsular invasion and calcification,ipsilateral central lymph node dissection should be considered.

Objective To study autonomic nerve regulator character and arrhythmias in the patients with essential hypertension(EH) and coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods The heart rate variability(HRV) and arrhythmias in 50 EH, 44 CHD, 52 EH + CHD patients and 35 healeh elderly subjects were investigated. Results There were significant differences of HRV in the patients with EH, CHD and healthy elderly subjects(P＜0.05).There was much significant difference of HRV between the patients with EH + CHD and healthy elderly subjects(P＜0.01), but no significant difference of HRV between the patients with EH and CHD(P＞0.05). The incidence rate of the premature atrial contraction, premature ventriculax contraction and atrial tachycardia in EH, CHD, EH+CHD and healthy elderly subjects, there were much significant differences( P＜0.01 ). Except the incidence rate of premature atrial contraction there was significant difference between the patients in CHD and EH + CHD (P＜0.05) ,and no significant differences of the incidence rate of other kinds of arrhythmias in the patients with EH,CHD and EH + CHD(P＞0.05 ). Conclusion The autonomic never function of EH and CHD patients was damaged, and the incidence rate of arrhythmias was increased(the premature atrial contraction often happened, then the premature ventricular contraction), and arrhymias happened in EH + CHD patients is most oftenly. The vagal hypoacfivity and sympathetic hyperactivity were major causes of reduction of HRV and probable causes in the elderly patients.