Objective:To analyze the difference in skin surface lipids (SSL) between facial skin lesions of neonates with acne and normal facial skin of healthy infants.Methods:SSL samples were collected from facial skin lesions of 36 neonates with acne (acne group) and normal facial skin of 36 healthy infants (control group) at the Department of Dermatology, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2018 to August 2018. A lipid map was constructed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and specific information about lipid components was obtained by multivariate data analysis. Independent-sample t test was performed with SPSS19.0 software for comparisons between 2 groups. Results:Compared with the control group, the acne group showed significantly increased relative content of glycerolipids and prenol lipids on the facial skin surface (both P < 0.001), but significantly decreased relative content of fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, saccharolipids and polyketides ( P < 0.01 or 0.05) .Further analysis showed that the average relative content of total lipids, diglycerides, wax esters and squalene was significantly higher in the acne group than in the control group ( P < 0.001 or 0.05), but the average relative content of linoleic acid was significantly lower in the acne group than in the control group ( P < 0.001) . Conclusion:Compared with the facial skin of healthy infants, the facial skin lesions of neonates with acne showed significantly increased total lipid content and different lipid components.