Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of renal transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced end-stage nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 408 cases who underwent renal transplantation in our center from 2009 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into DM group (n =82) and non-DM group (n =326).The postoperative infection,delayed graft function (DGF),adverse events,and the survival rate of patients/kidneys were comparatively analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative infection,DGF and adverse events was significantly higher in DM group than in non-DM group (23.2％ vs.15.6％,P =0.04;17.1％ vs.8.6 ％,P =0.04;13.4％ vs.8.3 ％,P =0.03).No significant difference was found in the 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rate of patients and kidneys between the two groups after operation (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of postoperative infection,DGF and adverse events is higher in DM patients.The DM does not affect the survival rate of patients/kidneys through appropriate treatment.It is important to prevent complications in DM patients after renal transplantation.

China is a country with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. Most patients are already in the locally advanced stage when first diagnosed. Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery has become the standard treatment mode for them. Closely related to prognosis, the evaluation of tumor response is essential. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors is the gold standard to evaluate tumor response, but the lesions must meet the measurement standards. Tumor regression grading (TRG) systems are designed to classify regressive changes after neoadjuvant treatment based on histopathological results to reveal prognostic information. Concentrating on pathologic assessment of esophageal cancer following neoadjuvant therapy, this article reviews histopathological changes, commonly used TRG systems and current debate.

Esophageal cancer (EC) has a high incidence and poor prognosis. The two major histological types, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, differ in their epidemiology and treatment options. Patients with locally advanced EC benefit from multimodal therapy concepts including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and perioperative chemotherapy. Currently, immunotherapy for the solid tumor is a hot spot. Treatment with adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is the first immunotherapy for resectable EC listed in the latest National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines for the Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers. Recent clinical trials have established ICIs for three treatment models of resectable EC. Their short-term results demonstrated ideal efficacy and tolerable toxicity, though some concerns remain. This review summarizes the novel data on the ICIs for resectable EC and lists the registered related clinical trials. Hopefully, this review can provide a reference for ongoing research on the treatment options for resectable EC.
Humans ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Esophagogastric Junction/pathology* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods* ; Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy* ; Immunotherapy

OBJECTIVETo study the techniques and efficacy of neuronavigation-guided puncture and drainage in the treatment of brain abscesses.

METHODSFrom February 2006 to December 2012, 31 patients with brain abscesses treated by the technique of neuronavigation-guided puncture and drainage were retrospectively analyzed. There were 27 male and 4 female patients, age ranged from 10 months to 69 years, average (34 ± 19) years.Single brain abscesses were found in 26 patients, multiple abscesses in 5 patients. The abscesses were located in eloquent regions in 19 patients. The mean diameter of the abscess was 4.1 cm (2.5-6.7 cm). The first follow-up visit was on the first month after surgery, and if residual was observed on enhanced MRI, then the patient was followed up every 3 months until the abscess disappeared completely. After residual absorbed, the patient was followed up every year.

RESULTSIncisions of all patients were healed well and no infection. The length of hospital stay after surgery was 6-42 days, mean (14 ± 9) days. Bacterial culture of pus was performed regularly including aerobic, anaerobic and fungal culture after surgery. Thirteen patients had positive culture whereas the other 18 patients had negative culture. The duration of antibiotic use was 18-42 days, mean (22 ± 5) days. All the patients were followed up for 3 months to 3 years. Twenty-nine patients recovered well postoperatively, 1 case died 2 months after operation.One case was performed the second drainage after 10 days from the first surgery.Eighteen patients showed the improvement of neurological status within the first day following surgery, 4 patients got improvement in the next day, 1 patient with hemiplegia showed improvement in 10 days postoperatively, 1 patient with aphasia recovered gradually after 1 month, 1 patient with hemiplegia showed deterioration temporarily after surgery, and recovered gradually after 15 days.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of puncture and drainage guided by neuronavigation has many advantages to treat brain abscesses, such as small trauma, short operation time, high accuracy and safety, simple surgical procedures and good prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Abscess ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuronavigation ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult