Adult ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; Thallium ; poisoning

Along with global environmental pollution resulting from economic development, heavy metal poisoning in children has become an increasingly serious health problem in the world. It can lead to renal injury, which tends to be misdiagnosed due to the lack of obvious or specific early clinical manifestations in children. Early prevention, diagnosis and intervention are valuable for the recovery of renal function and children's good health and growth. This paper reviews the mechanism of renal injury caused by heavy metal poisoning in children, as well as the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention and treatment of renal injury caused by lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium.
Cadmium Poisoning ; Child ; Chromium ; poisoning ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; Lead Poisoning ; Mercury Poisoning ; Poisoning ; complications

Adult ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Thallium ; poisoning

Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Humans ; Nervous System ; drug effects ; Poisoning ; Thallium ; poisoning

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of prussian blue (PB) or its combination with hemoperfusion (HP) in the treatment of acute thallium poisoning. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with acute thallium poisoning with complete data hospitalized in the 307th Hospital of PLA from September 2002 to December 2017 were enrolled, and they were divided into mild poisoning group (blood thallium < 150 μg/L, urinary thallium < 1 000 μg/L) and moderate-severe poisoning group (blood thallium ≥ 150 μg/L, urinary thallium ≥ 1 000 μg/L) according to the toxic degrees. All patients were given symptomatic supportive treatments such as potassium supplementation, catharsis, vital organ protections, neurotrophic drugs, and circulation support. The mild poisoning patients were given PB with an oral dose of 250 mg×kg^-1×d^-1, while moderate-severe poisoning patients were given PB combined HP continued 2-4 hours each time. The PB dose or frequency of HP application was adjusted according to the monitoring results of blood and urine thallium. Data of gender, age, pain grading (numeric rating scale NRS), clinical manifestations, blood and urine thallium before and after treatment, length of hospitalization and prognosis were collected. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients, patients with incomplete blood and urine test results, and used non-single HP treatment such as plasmapheresis and hemodialysis for treatment were excluded, and a total of 29 patients were enrolled in the analysis. (1) Among 29 patients, there were 20 males and 9 females, median age of 40.0 (34.0, 49.0) years old; the main clinical manifestations were nervous system and alopecia, some patients had digestive system symptoms. There were 13 patients (44.8%) in the mild poisoning group with painless (grade 0) or mild pain (grade 1-3) with mild clinical symptoms, the length of hospitalization was 17.0 (14.2, 21.5) days. There were 16 patients (55.2%) in the moderate-severe poisoning group with moderate pain (grade 4-6) or severe pain (grade 7-10) with severe clinical symptoms, the length of hospitalization was 24.0 (18.0, 29.0) days. (2) After treatment, the thallium concentrations in blood and urine in the mild poisoning group were significantly lower than those before treatment [μg/L: blood thallium was 0.80 (0, 8.83) vs. 60.00 (40.00, 120.00), urine thallium was 11.30 (0, 70.10) vs. 370.00 (168.30, 610.00), both P < 0.01], the thallium concentrations in blood and urine in the moderate-severe poisoning group were also significantly lower than those before treatment [μg/L: blood thallium was 6.95 (0, 50.50) vs. 614.50 (245.00, 922.00), urinary thallium was 20.70 (1.95, 283.00) vs. 5 434.00 (4 077.20, 10 273.00), both P < 0.01]. None of the 29 patients died, and their clinical symptoms were improved significantly. All the 27 patients had good prognosis without sequela in half a year follow-up, and 2 patients with severe acute thallium poisoning suffered from nervous system injury. CONCLUSIONS In the acute thallium poisoning patients, on the basis of general treatment, additional PB in mild poisoning group and PB combined with HP in moderate-severe poisoning group can obtain satisfactory curative effects.
Adult ; Female ; Ferrocyanides ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thallium/poisoning*

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Thallium ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Thallium ; poisoning ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Study of plant roots and the diversity of soil micro biota, such as bacteria, fungi and microfauna associated with them, is important for understanding the ecological complexities between diverse plants, microbes, soil and climates and their role in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universal and ubiquitous rhizosphere microflora forming symbiosis with plant roots and acting as biofertilizers, bioprotactants, and biodegraders. In addition to AMF, soils also contain various antagonistic and beneficial bacteria such as root pathogens, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including free-living and symbiotic N-fixers, and mycorrhiza helping bacteria. Their potential role in phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils and water is becoming evident although there is need to completely understand the ecological complexities of the plant-microbe-soil interactions and their better exploitation as consortia in remediation strategies employed for contaminated soils. These multitrophic root microbial associations deserve multi-disciplinary investigations using molecular, biochemical, and physiological techniques. Ecosystem restoration of heavy metal contaminated soils practices need to incorporate microbial biotechnology research and development. This review highlights the ecological complexity and diversity of plant-microbe-soil combinations, particularly AM and provides an overview on the recent developments in this area. It also discusses the role AMF play in phytorestoration of HM contaminated soils, i.e. mycorrhizoremediation.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics