Background:The progress of the cardiac intervention technique has been changed the doctors' viewpoint in the treatment for congenital cardiac. In the past years, treatment for congenital cardiac needed to surgery but nowadays, the cardiac intervention technique are being applied in many Cardiac Centers with very good results. This technique also helped to prevent the complication in cardiac operation. Objectives:This study aims to report the results for cardiac intervention in National Hospital of Pediatrics. Subjects and method:A prospective study was conducted on 298 children diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect, coarctation, pulmonary stenosis (PS), aortic stenosis (AS), small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) infant with pulmonary atresia - ventricular septal defect (VSD) and Dextro- transposition of the great arteries (d- TGA) with intact ventricular septum at National hospital of Pediatric between June 2004and October 2006. Results: Transcatheter closure of PDA, ASD by Amplatzer or Coil was safe and effective. Critically ill children diagnosed with PS, AS and Coarctation may be saved by valvuloplasty and angioplasty procedures. Catheter interventions avoided the needs for surgery without scars. Catheter interventions had low complications. Conclusion: The hospitalized duration was short so the expenditures reduced.
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ epidemiology ; therapy

Background: Congenital heart disease is a malformation which the prevalence of 8 \ufffd?among alive infants. If it is not being treated on time, these malformations will develop to severe complication. The most common cause of cerebral abscess is congenital heart disease in infants. Objectives:This study aims to learn about some related factors and close consequence of cerebral abscess in congenital cardiac children. Subjects and method:A retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 37 patients with congenital heart disease were suffered from a cerebral abscess since January 2001 to 31 March 2007. Results:The boys were dominant with sex ratio: 1.85/1. Average age of acquired abscess was 6.8 years, 34/37 (91.9%) patients had curable congenital heart disease, including 33/37 (89.2%) diagnosed of right-left shunt. In comparison with patients whom over 2 years old and did not acquire abscess due to congenital cardiac shunt right-left type, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte and saturation cutannee 13.5% among 37 patients of study were deaths, 26.5% had neurological sequelae and 8.1% were relapses. The average duration of hospitalization was longer (25.7 days) and the average costs were 4,317,000 Vietnam dong. Conclusion: Cerebral abscess was late complication of congenital heart disease and it was very necessary to treat completely the malformation of congenital heart disease in order to prevent of severe complication.
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ epidemiology ; therapy ; Brain Abscess/ epidemiology

Background: Open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes haemostatic abnormalities which result in postoperative excessive bleeding. Objectives: To investigate haemostatic disorders before - after CPB and postoperative bleeding. Subjects and methods: Sixty congenital cardiac patients with and without cyanosis were recruited consecutively. Hematology and coagulation tests were done 1 day before operation, 15 minutes after protamine administration, 2 and 6 hours after the operation in the intensive care unit (lCU). Mediastinal chest tube drainage (MCTO) was measured for the first 6h in the ICU. Results: Significant differences between 2 groups could be found for red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products (FOP), von Kaulla and platelet aggregation to epinephrine before operation (p < 0.05). There were not significant differences in platelets, PT, APTT, platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (AOP) in the acyanotic and cyanotic patients (p > 0.05). Most hematology parameters were decreased significantly and hemostasis measurements were prolonged after operation in both groups (p < 0.05). There was also the significant difference in MCTO between 2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coagulation, hemostasis and fibrinolysis disorders; thrombocytopenia and acquired transient platelet dysfunction may be responsible for bleeding complications after CBP \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ pathology ; epidemiology ; Hemostatic Disorders/ pathology ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo study the concurrence of congenital heart disease and hypospadias and the relationship between the two diseases.

METHODSWe investigated the incidence and types of congenital heart disease accompanied by hypospadias in male children received in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2012, compared them with those in the general population, and analyzed the correlation of different types of heart disease with the incidence rate of hypospadias.

RESULTSOf the 7 385 male children with congenital heart disease, 134 (1.81%) were found with hypospadias, with a significantly higher morbidity than in the general population (0.33% -0.40%) (P < 0.01). The incidence rates of hypospadias were significantly higher in the groups of ventricular septal defect (65/3 275, 1.98%), Fallot's tetralogy (17/770, 2.21%), macroangiopathy (15/788, 1.90%) and other congenital heart abnormalities (21/972, 2.16%) than in the atrial septal defect (10/1 015, 0.99%) and patent ductus arteriosus (6/565, 1.06%) groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the type of hypospadias among different heart disease groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHypospadias is a common concurrent condition in male children with congenital heart disease. The incidence rate of hypospadias is related with the type of congenital heart disease, and the two conditions may have some common pathogenic or susceptive factors.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; epidemiology ; Heart Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; complications ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (COHD) among 4 to 17 years old children in Haidong area of Qinghai province.

METHODSAll 97 718 children were surveyed with the following 3 steps: prescreening, countershock and confirmation with color Doppler. The distribution patterns were analyzed by national groups, ages and genders respectively.

RESULTSThere were 496 COHD cases detected. The total incidence was 5.076 per thousand (496/97 718). The incidences of male and female were 5.046 per thousand (256/50 730) and 5.108 per thousand (240/46 988) (chi(2) = 0.018, P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between Pingan county and the others (chi(2) = 10.62, P < 0.01). The highest incidence was in Ledu (5.46 per thousand), the incidences of Huzhu and Pingan county were 5.45 per thousand and 3.64 per thousand respectively. There was no significant difference among different national groups (chi(2) = 0.33, P > 0.05). Among 496 COHD cases, the ratio of atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were 37.30%, 35.69% and 22.18% respectively.

CONCLUSIONTotal incidence of COHD was 5.076 per thousand in Haidong area of Qinghai province. The incidence was not different in both genders and national groups. The constitution of COHD in different counties were different.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo summarize prevalence rate and region distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in 12-month-old and younger infants among four regions of Guangdong province, China.

METHODSData from Guangdong CHD monitoring network including 34 monitoring units covering different geographic regions were analyzed. Professional training on screening and diagnosing CHD was provided to each work group member to improve the diagnosis level. CHD infants under or aged 12 months detected in the monitoring unit were included. CHD was diagnosed by fetus and infants echocardiography.

RESULTSFrom July 2004 to December 2010, 383 281 perinatal were registered and 3263 cases of CHD were detected in the 34 member units of Guangdong CHD monitoring network [total prevalence rate of CHD: 0.851% (3263/383 281), male prevalence rate: 0.868% (1799/207 347), female prevalence rate:0.828% (1456/175 843)].Stillbirth CHD prevalence rate was significantly higher than livebirth CHD prevalence rate [10.627% (676/6361) vs. 0.686% (2587/376 920), P < 0.01]. The total prevalence of CHD was significantly higher in Pearl River Delta region [0.906% (2826/311 823)] than in other regions [0.611% (437/71 458), P < 0.01]. Ventricular septal defect [39.93% (1033/2587) in livebirth] was the most dominant CHD, followed by patent ductus arteriosus [29.84% (772/2587)] and secundum atrial septal defect [13.76% (356/2587)].

CONCLUSIONSThe present data indicate that the prevalence of CHD in Guangdong is at the medium-upper level of the country associated with high stillbirth rate. The dominant type of CHD is ventricular septal defect. CHD prevalence is higher in the Pearl River Delta region than in other regions.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence

Dextrocardia ; epidemiology ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; New Guinea

BACKGROUNDPregnant women with heart disease are at high risk. Studies of risk factors of these patients are of great significance to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. In this paper, we try to discuss the main risk factors of cardiac events in pregnant women with heart disease and to establish a risk assessment system.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was carried out for pregnancies in 1741 women with heart disease who delivered in Shanghai Obstetrical Cardiology Intensive Care Center between January 1993 and September 2010. A Logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors of cardiac events and calculate the risk index in pregnant women with heart disease.

RESULTSThe composition of heart disease in pregnant women was arrhythmia (n = 662, 38.00%), congenital heart disease (CHD; n = 529, 30.40%), cardiomyopathy (n = 327, 18.80%), rheumatic heart disease (RHD; n = 151, 8.70%), and cardiopathy induced by pre-eclampsia (n = 53, 3.00%). Main cardiac events were heart failure (n = 110, 6.32%), symptomatic arrhythmia needing medication (n = 43, 2.47%), cardiac arrest (n = 2, 0.11%), syncope (n = 3, 0.17%), and maternal death (n = 10, 0.57%). Six independent risk factors to predict cardiac events in pregnant women with heart disease were cardiac events before pregnancy (heart failure, severe arrhythmia, cardiac shock, etc., P = 0.000), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class > II (P = 0.000), oxygen saturation < 90% (P = 0.018), pulmonary artery hypertention (PAH) > 50 mmHg (P = 0.025), cyanotic heart disease without surgical correction (P = 0.015), and reduced left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction < 40%, P = 0.003). Every risk factor was calculated as 1 score. The incidence of cardiac events in patients with scores 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4 was 2.10%, 31.61%, 61.25%, 68.97%, and 100.00% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPregnancy with heart disease could lead to undesirable pregnancy outcomes. The risk of cardiac events in pregnant women with heart disease could be assessed by risk index.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; epidemiology ; Cardiomyopathies ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; Heart Diseases ; epidemiology ; Heart Failure ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pre-Eclampsia ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDCongenital heart disease (CHD) is a common heart condition which does considerable harm to the health of children and adolescents. CHD epidemiological characteristics of Tibetan children whose ages ranged from 4 to 18 years were investigated in Qinghai Province.

METHODSA total of 32 578 Tibetan children, living at altitudes of 2535 m, 3600 m and 4200 m, were examined using a three-stage protocol: prescreening, rechecking and diagnosis using a color Doppler. The distribution of CHD at different altitudes was analyzed together with differences in occurrence according to age and gender.

RESULTSA total of 235 CHD cases were discovered. The total prevalence of CHD was 7.21 per thousand. Prevalence of CHD has been shown to increase along with increase in altitude with 5.45 per thousand at an altitude of 2535 m, 6.80 per thousand at 3600 m and 9.79 per thousand at 4200 m. There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalence at 2535 m and 3600 m (chi(2) = 1.594, P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the prevalence at 2535 m and 4200 m (chi(2) = 7.002, P < 0.01). Also, apparent differences existed between the prevalence at 3600 m and at 4200 m (chi(2) = 5.540, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence according to age at an altitude of 2535 m, but the rate of CHD increased significantly along with increasing age at 3600 m and 4200 m. The total prevalence ratio of children aged from 16 to 18 years was significantly higher than that of children from 4 to 7, and from 8 to 12 with chi(2) values of 10.79 (P < 0.005), and 5.60 (P < 0.05) respectively. Within the constituent ratio of CHD, the prevalence of atrial septal defect (ASD) was the highest at 39.10%, followed by the prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) at 32.8% and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at 24.7%. Furthermore the proportion of the four categories of CHD varied at different altitude levels: at 2535 m, of those diagnosed with CHD, the prevalence rate of VSD was the highest at 43.5%, at 3600 m ASD was the highest at 42.8% and at 4200 m, PDA was the highest at 50.8%.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemiological characteristics of CHD in Tibetan children may be associated with altitude levels.

Adolescent ; Altitude ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Tibet ; epidemiology

Objective: To analyze the current status of clinical treatment and factors influencing postoperative mortality in infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in China, optimize the perioperative management of CCHD, and provide a new scientific basis for clinical decision-making for the optimal management of these patients. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study. Infants diagnosed with CCHD in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 (aged 0-1 years at admission) were enrolled. General clinical information, inpatient treatment information, prognosis and complications were collected and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent risk factors of postoperative death in infants with CCHD. Results: A total of 826 infants with CCHD were included, including 556 males (67.3%) and the age at first admission was 51.0 (5.0,178.3) days. 264 (32.0%) cases were tetralogy of Fallot and 137 (16.6%) cases were total anomalous pulmonary venous return. 195 cases (23.6%) were diagnosed prenatally. 196 cases (23.7%) were treated with prostaglandin. The preoperative invasive ventilation time was 0 (0, 0) hour, and the postoperative invasive ventilation time was 95.0 (26.0, 151.8) hours. A total of 668 cases (80.9%) underwent surgical treatment. The age was 100.5 (20.0, 218.0) days during operation and the operation time was 190.0 (155.0, 240.0) hours. Sixty-two cases (7.5%) received medical treatment, and 96 cases (11.6%) gave up treatment. A total of 675 cases (81.7%) were discharged with improvement, 96 cases (11.6%) were discharged after giving up treatment, 55 cases (6.7%) died and 109 cases (13.2%) were readmitted within one year. Complications occurred in 565 (68.6%) cases, including pneumonia in 334 cases (40.4%) and cardiac arrhythmias in 182 cases (22.0%). Multifactorial analysis showed that delayed chest closure (OR=49.775, 95%CI 3.291-752.922, P=0.005), prolonged post-operative invasive ventilator ventilation (OR=1.003, 95%CI 1.000-1.005, P=0.038) and cardiac hypoplasia syndrome (OR=272.658, 95%CI 37.861-1 963.589, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for mortality in CCHD infants post-operation. Conclusions: Tetralogy of Fallot and total anomalous pulmonary venous return account for the majority of infants with CCHD. The proportion of infants diagnosed prenatally was less than 1/4. The majority CCHD infants received surgical treatment. The main complications are pneumonia and arrhythmia. Delayed chest closure, prolonged postoperative invasive ventilator ventilation and low cardiac output syndrome are the independent risk factors for postoperative death in infants with CCHD.
China/epidemiology* ; Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors