A 17-year-old high school student presented with a history of habitual faintings. On 24-hour Holter monitoring, cardiac asystoles were recorded, the longest lasting approximately 7 or 8 seconds during venipuncture procedures. The asystole associated with venipuncture demonstrated the cardioinhibitory effects of vasovagal reaction with blood-injury phobia. He also had a positive response during head-up tilt test showing hypotension and relative bradycardia after intravenous isoproterenol injection. After administration of oral beta blocker, he did not show further or recurrent cardiac asystole during blood injury procedure on electrocardiographic examination. Venipuncture is the most common invasive medical procedure performed in hospital settings. While venipuncture is considered to be reasonably safe, serious complication may occur even when only a small volume of blood is withdrawn. Therefore, medical personnel should be prepared to provide appropriate care.
Adolescence ; Case Report ; Heart Arrest/etiology* ; Human ; Male ; Phlebotomy/psychology* ; Recurrence ; Syncope/etiology ; Vagus Nerve/physiology*

Female ; Heart Arrest ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Pulmonary Embolism ; complications ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; methods ; Young Adult

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; adverse effects ; Chylothorax ; etiology ; Heart Arrest ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatology

Objective To reveal the incidence,mortality,and risk factors of bleeding-related perioperative cardiac arrest(POCA). Methods We carried out a single-center retrospective case-control study which enrolled all the POCA cases reported from January 2010 to September 2020 in the patient safety incident reporting system of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.For the screening of risk factors,the patients were respectively assigned into the POCA group and the control group at a ratio of 1∶3 according to the same sex,age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical status,and type of surgery in the same month.Potential risk factors for POCA were first selected by univariate analysis.The significant risk factors were then checked based on the clinical experience and further included in the multivariate Logistic regression model. Results Totally 16 bleeding-related POCA cases were collected from the patient safety incident reporting system among the study period,with an overall incidence of 0.36/10 000.The blood loss volume of POCA group and control group was(7 037.50±5 477.70)ml and(375.63±675.14)ml,respectively(P<0.001),and 14(87.5%)patients suffering from bleeding-related POCA died within three days after anesthesia.According to the univariate analysis,patients' body mass index[(21.79±3.57)kg/m² vs.(24.26±3.91)kg/m²,P=0.043],hemoglobin level[(113.44±31.08)g/L vs.(131.75±19.70)g/L,P=0.039],and alanine aminotransferase level[(17.31±7.73)U/L vs.(26.91±24.73)U/L,P=0.022]were significantly lower in the POCA group than in the control group.Further Logistic regression analysis showed that smaller body mass index and lower preoperative hemoglobin level were independently associated with the occurrence of bleeding-related POCA. Conclusions Bleeding-related POCA rarely occurred but had high mortality.Adequate precautions should be taken for the patients who are to receive surgeries with high risk of intraoperative massive bleeding.Elevating preoperative hemoglobin level might decrease the incidence of bleeding-related POCA.
Case-Control Studies ; Heart Arrest/etiology* ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Cardiac arrest during upper abdominal surgery such as liver transplantation is a rare but very severe complication. Traditional external cardiac compression has been the mainstay of basic life support in general circumstances. Subdiaphragmatic cardiac compression (SDCC), with no incision in the diaphragm, may be a more effective measure. This maneuver can provide more effective and timely cardiac compression via the already open abdomen in surgery and not add extra trauma. This method can provide a quicker and more effective means of circulation support for intraoperative cardiac arrest patients without adding new injuries. Five cases are reported and all the patients had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). This is the first report of the SDCC method.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; methods ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Anomalous Left Coronary Artery ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnostic imaging* ; Heart Arrest/etiology* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the features of ischemic myocardial contracture after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats.

METHODAsphyxial cardiac arrest was induced in 8 Wistar rats, and the length and width of the heart were measured at the different time points after cardiac arrest.

RESULTSObvious ischemic myocardial contracture occurred after the cardiac arrest, reaching the maximal contracture at 4-6 min after the arrest.

CONCLUSIONSIschemic myocardial contracture induced by asphyxia may be an important factor affecting the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Animals ; Asphyxia ; complications ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; complications ; etiology ; Ischemic Contracture ; etiology ; pathology ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors

Central diabetes insipidus (DI), characterized by unexpected fatal hypernatremia, is a rare complication after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation with therapeutic hypothermia, but may be potentially fatal if recognition is delayed. We describe here a patient who experienced cardiac arrest due to a pulmonary embolism, followed by successful resuscitation after induction of therapeutic hypothermia. The patient, however, suddenly developed unexpected hypernatremia with increased urine output and was diagnosed with central DI as a complication of cerebral edema, and eventually died. Our findings suggest that central DI should be considered as a possible complication following unexpected hypernatremia with increased urine output during therapeutic hypothermia and that desmopressin acetate should be used to treat central DI.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/*adverse effects ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic/diagnosis/etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Heart Arrest/complications/therapy ; Humans ; Hypernatremia/*etiology ; Hypothermia, Induced/*adverse effects ; Pulmonary Embolism/complications

OBJECTIVETo explore the indication of hysterectomy after successful resuscitation of cardiac arrest due to obstetric hemorrhagic shock.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted in 13 patients with cardiac arrest due to obstetric hemorrhagic shock in 7 hospitals of Guangzhou, including 12 patients undergoing hysterectomy and 1 undergoing uterine artery embolization.

RESULTSs After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, only 4 of the 13 patients undergoing hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization for continuing uterus hemorrhage survived.

CONCLUSIONDetailed plans and emergency measures should be formulated in the management of high-risk pregnancies. Early diagnosis and active treatment of obstetric hemorrhagic shock with hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization are critical in preventing cardiac arrest and improving the survival of the patients.

Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; etiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

INTRODUCTIONUnexplained syncope is a common condition with a significant impact both on the patient and on healthcare expenditure. Often, the diagnosis is hampered due to the temporary sporadic nature of the symptoms. Conventional monitoring methods have a low yield for identifying an abnormality during a spontaneous event. The implantable loop recorder (ILR), often underutilised, is an important diagnostic device that may fi ll this void in the early assessment of patients presenting with syncope.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis article begins with 2 case vignettes which highlight the clinical utility of ILRs in making a definitive diagnosis and guiding subsequent management. This is followed by a review of the existing evidence for ILRs, including the recent international guidelines, underpinning the role of ILRs in the present management algorithm of patients presenting with unexplained syncope. The technical aspects and cost implications will also be reviewed.

RESULTSPresent evidence-based international guidelines have recommended the early use of ILRs in the management of patients with unexplained syncope. Furthermore, there may also be an important role for ILR use in patients with presumed epilepsy refractory to treatment and in the neurally mediated syncope cohort with recurrent symptoms. Cost benefit analysis also demonstrates advantages with early ILR use.

CONCLUSIONThe early use of ILR in selected patients remains an accurate, cost-effective, high yield tool for diagnosis and management of patients with unexplained syncope. However, its use should not detract from the importance of taking a detailed medical history and physical examination in the initial assessment to facilitate identification of the aetiology and risk stratification of patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Algorithms ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; complications ; diagnosis ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; economics ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; complications ; diagnosis ; Heart Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Syncope ; diagnosis ; etiology