Toluene is a widely used organic solvent, heavily employed in many manufacturing industries. Recently, evidence has begun accumulate on the deleterious effect of toluene exposure on the auditory system. Although little published information exists regarding these effects; the reported findings indicate a need for further investigation. The results of such investigations may dramatically affect occupational hearing conservation practices and legislation. Both human and animal studies will be summarized discussing the effects of toluene alone or in combination with noise. (Auth)
Hearing Loss, Toluene ; Occupational Diseases ; Toxicity

This paper introduced the basic standards of the heart failure in Vietnam and the world such as opinions of Prof. Dang Van Chung, Gleger, Vu Dinh Hai, Tran Do Trinh, world health organization, New York Heart Association... and good points and bad points of each standard. This paper also introduced the new classification of the heart failure.
Hearing Loss, Toluene ; Occupational Diseases ; Toxicity