Results of studying in 4 districts of Ninh Binh city in June 1998 showed that the morbidity rate in people over 60 year olds was highest, followed by groups of children under 1 year and 5 year. Female morbidity rate was higher than this in male, especially the women at ages of 16-59 (5.4% compared with 2.9%). The average frequency of incidence estimated 92 times/100 inhabitants/year (0.9 generally and 0.8 for male; 1.0 for female). The 3 common diseases were the central nervous syndromes, the chronic respiration diseases, and bone and joint pain.
Health Services Needs and Demand ; Epidemiology

Endoscopy ; Health Services Needs and Demand

The household sampling survey was conducted on 2099 household in 3 urban district of Hanoi, using a questionaire. Results showed that: the frequency per person was 1.05 episode per year; there are differences between age groups, for children above 5 year old age group, the frequency was the highest (2-3 times higher than other age group). The most choice for health care was self medication (36.5%), outpatients care (27.6%), using commune health station (21%) and private clinic (11.3%). Only 2.6% using state hospital as inpatients
Needs Assessment ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; utilization

OBJECTIVEThe 8.12 Tianjin Port Explosion in 2015 caused heavy casualties. Pingjin Hospital, an affiliated college hospital in Tianjin, China participated in the rescue activities. This study aims to analyze the emergency medical response to this event and share experience with trauma physicians to optimize the use of medical resource and reduce mortality of critical patients.

METHODSAs a trauma centre at the accident city, our hospital treated 298 patients. We retrospectively analyzed the data of emergency medical response, including injury triage, injury type, ICU patient flow, and medical resource use.

RESULTSThere were totally 165 deaths, 8 missing, and 797 non-fatal injuries in this explosion. Our hospital treated 298 casualties in two surges of medical demand. The first one appeared at 1 h after explosion when 147 wounded were received and the second one at 4 h when 31 seriously injured patients were received, among whom 29 were transferred from Tianjin Emergency Center which was responsible for the scene injury triage. After reexamination and triage, only 11 cases were defined as critical ill patients. The over-triage rate reached as high as 62.07%. Seventeen patients underwent surgery and 17 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit.

CONCLUSIONSThe present pre-hospital system is incomplete and may induce two surges of medical demand. The first one has a much larger number of casualties than predicted but the injury level is mild; while the second one has less wounded but almost all of them are critical patients. The over-triage rate is high. The hospital emergency response can be improved by an effective re-triage and implementation of a hospital-wide damage control.

Blast Injuries ; mortality ; therapy ; China ; Explosions ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Hospitals, University ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Retrospective Studies ; Surge Capacity ; Trauma Centers ; Triage

China ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Research

1000 households with 6,125 persons were randomly selected from 2,773 households with 16,731 persons in Co Nhue commune, Tu Liem district, Hanoi participated to a study on the determination of needs of healthcare and use of health service. In which the direct subjects were householders and mothers with children under 6 years. The results have found that there was no difference of morbididy rate between men and women. Children under 5 years accounted for highest morbidity rate (22.6%). There was high needs of healthcare for children in the community, especially the respiratory tract infection. The children came to the communal health station and convenient health care facilities accounted for 35.06% because of the good profession and attitude.
Delivery of Health Care ; Health Services ; Health Services Needs and Demand

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a reliable and appropriate evaluation tool for sexual educational materials and to apply it to video materials for recommendation of excellent materials. METHOD: The items of the content for evaluation were based on the previous studies on the sexual education and evaluation tools. After testing validity and reliability of tool, final evaluation tool for sexual educational materials was developed. The evaluation tool was applied to 84 video materials and the excellent materials were recommended. RESULT: The final evaluation tool for sexual educational materials which consisted of two parts was developed. One is the evaluation of basic information which includes 8 items: target population, type of materials, producer, year of production, subject, theme, running time, and guide book. The other is the evaluation of content which includes 36 items related to characteristics of material, purpose, efficiency and scope of content.After applying the tool to 84 video materials, 39 excellent sexual education materials were suggested. CONCLUSION: The systematic development of materials for sexual education appropriate to the specific subjects should be done. Producers should describe the basic information on the outside of materials. For recommending the excellent materials, the periodical standardized evaluation of sexual educational materials should be done, and the database of the excellent materials should be provided for further utilization.
Education ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Reproducibility of Results ; Running ; Child Health

A household sampling survey at 120 communes, 20 districts, 4 provinces with the sample size 4200 households was conducted by well trained school teachers using questionnaire aimed at frequency of illness and health care seeking behavior. Disease pattern was estimated by analysis of record book at CHCs. The authors showed that: Health care need of female is higher than in male. Frequency of illness episode in female population is higher 1.1 to 1.6 times in comparison with male population, it is more obvious at reproductive age (up to 2 times). Females suffered from urogenital diseases 3 times often than males. Whereas respiratory, gastrointestinal, OLD and cardiovascular diseases were 1.3 to 1.7 times higher in male group. Women has a tendency of using lower quality services such as self medication (38.7% vs. 25.2%) and using hospital and ICPs less than male (18.1% vs. 23.2%). The data showed that female used CHCs more than male (14.5% vs. 10%).
Delivery of Health Care ; Interpersonal Relations ; Health Services Needs and Demand

Our primary health care institution began to implement national essential medicine system in 2009. In past fi ve years, the goal of national essential medicine system has been initially achieved. For examples, medicine price is steadily reducing, the quality of medical services is improving and residents' satisfaction is substantial increasing every year. However, at the same time, we also found some urgent problems needed to be solved. For examples, the range of national essential medicine is limited, which is difficult to guarantee the quality of essential medication. In addition, how to compensate the primary health care institution is still a question.
China ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Primary Health Care ; organization & administration

The purpose of this study was to examine beliefs, self-efficacy and eating behaviors by the stages of change in vegetable consumption among college students (n = 297). A survey was conducted to examine study variables, and subjects were categorized into three groups based on the stages of change: precontemplation/contemplation stage (PC/C), preparation stage (P), action/maintenance stage (A/M). Subjects had 3.7 servings of vegetables a day, and vegetable consumption was significantly different by stages of change (p < 0.001). The A/M group showed higher score on beliefs regarding vegetable consumption (p < 0.001) than the other groups, and perceived benefits of vegetable consumption (e.g. cancer prevention) more strongly (p < 0.05). The PC/C group felt more barriers than the A/M group, such as disliking cooking methods, texture of vegetables (p < 0.001), bad taste and bad experience of eating vegetables (p < 0.05). Self-efficacy score was 27.2, with decreasing self-efficacy from A/M to P, PC/C (p < 0.001). The A/M group showed more confidence in nine behaviors such as "eating vegetables during meals" and "replacing menu at home with more vegetable dishes" (p < 0.001) than the other groups. The A/M group had more desirable eating behaviors (e.g, having a variety of foods, eating regularly, consumption of food groups). This study suggests that target population for education and educational strategies be different based on the stages of change. For those in the PC/C stage, education might focus on reducing barriers and increasing self-efficacy. For those in the A/M stage, it is necessary to use strategies to maintain and reinforce behaviors for enough vegetable consumption.
Cooking ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Vegetables