Objective: To assess the capacity of prevention and control on chronic non- communicable diseases (NCDs) in China. Methods: On-line questionnaire survey was adopted by 3 395 CDCs at provincial, municipal and county (district) levels and 3 000 primary health care units, and assess on capacity of policy, infrastructure, capacity of training and guidance, cooperation, surveillance, intervention and management, assessment and scientific research from September 2014 to March 2015. Results: (1) Capacity of policy: 23 (71.9%) provincial, 139 (40.6%) municipal and 919 (31.2%) county (district) governments or health administrative departments had existing plans for prevention and control of NCDs. (2) Capacity of infrastructure: 25 (78.1%) provincial, 136 (39.8%) municipal and 529 (18.0%) county (district) CDCs had set up departments dedicated to the prevention and control of NCDs, with 9 787 staff members, accounting for 5.0% of the total CDC personnel, working on NCDs prevention and control programs. 68.1% of the CDCs had special funding set for NCDs prevention and control. (3) Capacity of training and guidance: 2 485 CDCs (74.9%) held all kinds of training on prevention and control of NCDs. 2 571 (87.3%) CDCs at the county (district) level provided technical guidance for primary health care units. (4) Capacity of cooperation: 42.0% of the CDCs had experiences collaborating with the mass media. (5) Capacity of surveillance: 73.8% of the CDCs had set up programs for death registration while less than 50.0% of the CDCs had implemented surveillance programs on major NCDs and related risk factors. In terms of primary health care units, 32.4% of them had set up reporting system for newly developed stroke case and 29.9% of them having programs on myocardial infarction case reporting. (6) Capacity of intervention and management: 69.1% and 68.2% of the CDCs conducted individualized intervention programs on hypertension and diabetes, while less than 40.0% CDCs conducting intervention programs on other NCDs and risk factors. More than 90.0% of the primary health care units carried out follow-up surveys on hypertension and diabetes. However, only 17.4% and 13.7% of the CDCs working on hypertension and diabetes patient management programs while 83.7% and 80.4%, of them following the standardized guidelines for management, with successful rates of control as 59.2% and 55.2%, respectively. (7) Capacity of assessment: 32.4% of the CDCs or health administrations carried out evaluation programs related to the responses on NCDs. (8) Capacity of scientific research: the capacity on scientific research among provincial CDCs was apparently higher than that at the municipal or county (district) CDCs. Conclusions: Compared with the results of previous two surveys, the capacity on policies set for the prevention and control programs improved continuously, at all level NCDs, but remained relatively weak, especially at both county (district) and primary health care units.
China ; Chronic Disease/prevention & control* ; Community Health Services/organization & administration* ; Health Planning Organizations/organization & administration* ; Humans ; Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control* ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workforce

Henan Province in China has a major epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Chinese medicine (CM) has been used throughout the last decade, and a management modality was developed, which can be described by unified-planning, graded-administration, and centralized-controlling (UGC). The UGC modality has one primary concept (patient-centered medicine from CM theory), four basic foundations (classifying administrative region, characteristics of CM on disease treatment, health resource conditions, and distribution of patients living with HIV), six important relationships (the "three uniformities and three combinations," and the six relationships therein guide the treatment of AIDS with CM), and four key sections (management, operation, records, and evaluation). In this article, the authors introduce the UGC modality, which could be beneficial to developing countries or resource-limited areas for the management of chronic infectious disease.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; therapy ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; organization & administration ; HIV Infections ; therapy ; HIV-1 ; Health Plan Implementation ; organization & administration ; Health Planning ; organization & administration ; Health Planning Organizations ; organization & administration ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards

This paper introduces the current status of Chinese medical device testing and inspection institutes. There are 53 such institutions, including 10 national institutions. Medical device testing and inspection institutions service in government regulation and supervision of medical devices, playing a technique support role for medical devices from registration before appear on market to monitor and supervision after listing. Meanwhile, they are important practitioners of medical devices standardization work. Finally, put forward the current problems and countermeasures of the inspection institutes in order to facilitate the sustainable development of our national medical equipment.
China ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Health Systems Agencies ; Reference Standards

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based intervention program for depressive symptoms management among Korean adults. METHODS: After the first author developed a user-centered design website intended to manage the depressive symptoms of the general public, two hundred and seventy two participants were screened and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. These subjects underwent a 12-week nonequivalent pretest and post.test evaluation program to determine changes in their depression scores, which were measured using the Korean Depression Scale. Subjects' unique IP addresses were used for monitoring their access periods on the website. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline and outcome characteristics of both experimental and control groups. Moreover, findings revealed that the total depression score of the experimental group (who accessed the developed web-site three times a week with at least an hour per session) showed to have decreased immensely with a mean of 5.57. On the contrary, only a 0.09 point difference resulted between the pre and post tests of the control group (who accessed other depression management websites generally available). CONCLUSIONS: Web-based interventions could be an effective and inexpensive means of managing depressive symptoms of Koreans. Findings from this effectiveness study of an internet-based program could also be used by a variety of audiences including government agencies, educators, and health care professionals concerned with mental health promotion and prevention.
Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Internet ; Management Information Systems ; Mental Health

Medical modernization is based on the informatization. This paper introduces the present situation of medical modernization construction in Zhejiang Province, including provincial health E-government affairs, the public health system, digital hospitals, community health services, and the new rural cooperative medical system, and analyses the problems exiting, and points out the future construction tasks.
China ; Community Health Services ; Health Care Coalitions ; Medical Informatics ; Public Health

OBJECTIVETo apply mixed logit model for analyzing the data of new rural cooperative medical with suitability and identify the factors affecting the residents choices of insurance mode.

METHODSHypothesis test of IIA was performed using the mogtest module of Stata10.0 to test the eligibility of the condition. The mixed logit model was established to allow the parameters to vary in the population using SAS9.1 MDC module.

RESULTSThe data in this study did not satisfy the IIA assumption (P<0.01), so that the multinomial logit model was not applicable. The adjusted Estrella of the mixed logit model was 0.6658.

CONCLUSIONThe mixed logit approach does not rely on the restrictive IIA assumption and allows for correlation patterns between choices and individual variation. This approach can help in the determination of the choices in new rural cooperative medical system.

Academic Dissertations as Topic ; Bibliometrics ; China ; Health Systems Agencies ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Publishing

OBJECTIVETo analyze the unreasonable part of full cost of the public health service items in county level.

METHODSOn basis of typical survey in 2005, 18 questionnaires were released and the response rate was 100%. The whole cost and ladder apportionment of expense methods were employed to account the full cost of items including practice items, items required by government and nationwide items required by government provided by 4 centers for disease control and prevention in county level.

RESULTSIt was found that 28.4% - 54.9% nationwide items required by government had not been provided, but 2.8% - 10.2% items being not required by government had been provided. Furthermore the frequency of the items required by government was not up to par from 8 topmost to 2 bottommost on average every year. The efficiency was not high because of lacking in the vehicle for work, and 33.3% - 43.6% shortage of equipments for laboratory, and 18.1% - 45.8% logistic staff and technicians only 2/3 time of the whole year had a full workload. All the above resulted in the bias from the standard cost of items required by government.

CONCLUSIONFor compensating the cost of items reasonable and accurate by government, a kind standard cost of the items according to the government request should be established.

It is essential for the development of modern clinical medicine to establish a professional facility and team for wound healing. There is some successful experience of constructing and running the wound healing center to be mirrored at home and abroad. The construction of the facility and team for wound healing will be promoted by guideline issuing, profession certification, and others, which would push forward the clinical treatment and basic research of wound healing.
Health Systems Agencies ; Hospitals, Special ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Patient Care Team ; organization & administration ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Wound Healing

China ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; organization & administration ; Health Care Coalitions ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Humans ; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Monte Carlo Method ; Rural Health