1.Failure after cerebrospinal fluid flow and success after no cerebrospinal fluid flow during spinal anesthesia induction for intrapartum cesarean section: A report of two cases.
Hea Jo YOON ; Sang Hwan DO ; Kwon il KIM
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2017;12(2):137-139
We report on failed spinal anesthesia (SA) after free flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and successful SA after no free flow of CSF in SA for laboring parturients undergoing emergency cesarean section (CS). We introduced a 25-gauge Sprotte type spinal needle for anesthesia for case 1 and confirmed backflow and aspiration of CSF. We injected 10 mg bupivacaine plus 15 µg fentanyl. However, sensory and motor block were not observed. During SA for case 2, a convincing dural “pop” was felt but without flow of CSF. Injection of 10 mg bupivacaine and 15 µg fentanyl produced successful sensory and motor block suitable for CS. The failure or success of SA in these intrapartum CS cases ran contrary to our expectations and could be related to the use of pencil-point needle and movement of the dura mater during labor.
Anesthesia
;
Anesthesia, Spinal*
;
Bupivacaine
;
Cerebrospinal Fluid*
;
Cesarean Section*
;
Dura Mater
;
Emergencies
;
Female
;
Fentanyl
;
Needles
;
Pregnancy
2.A Case of Chronic Cough Caused by Achalasia Misconceived as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
Hea Yoon KWON ; Jun Hyeok LIM ; Yong Woon SHIN ; Cheol Woo KIM
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 2014;6(6):573-576
Cough is one of the most common symptoms that causes patients to seek outpatient medical care. If cough persists longer than 8 weeks, common causes of chronic cough, such as upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), should be considered. Although not a common cause of chronic cough, achalasia may cause symptoms very similar to reflux that can lead to its misdiagnosis as GERD. In this report, a 40-year-old woman presenting with chronic cough was initially diagnosed with GERD; however, her symptoms were refractory to conventional GERD treatment. Finally, she was diagnosed with achalasia. Her cough improved completely after pneumatic dilatation. Achalasia is a rare disease accompanied by dysphagia or regurgitation. If cough presumably due to GERD does not respond to treatment, or if the cause of chronic cough is uncertain, physicians should suspect achalasia.
Adult
;
Asthma
;
Cough*
;
Deglutition Disorders
;
Diagnostic Errors
;
Dilatation
;
Esophageal Achalasia*
;
Female
;
Gastroesophageal Reflux*
;
Humans
;
Outpatients
;
Rare Diseases
3.Identification of Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Sun Myoung LEE ; Hea Yoon KWON ; Jae Hyong IM ; Ji Hyeon BAEK ; Jae Seung KANG ; Jin Soo LEE
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2015;30(7):866-870
Orientia tsutsugamushi, a causative pathogen of Scrub typhus, is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced from the membrane of bacteria and play many roles related to the survival of the pathogen. However, there have been no reports confirming whether O. tsutsugamushi indeed produce OMVs. O. tsutsugamushi boryong was cultured in ECV-304 cells for the purification of OMVs. Western blot analysis and immunoenrichment using anti-O. tsutsugamushi monoclonal antibody and electron microscopy were employed for identification and characterization of OMVs. We confirm the presence of OMVs derived from O. tsutsugamushi, and also found that those OMVs contain a major surface antigen of 56-kDa protein and variant immunogenic antigens.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology
;
Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology
;
Antigens, Surface/*immunology
;
Cell Line
;
Cell Membrane/immunology
;
Humans
;
Microscopy, Electron
;
Orientia tsutsugamushi/*immunology/metabolism
;
Scrub Typhus/diagnosis/microbiology
;
Secretory Vesicles/*immunology
4.Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Case Report and Suggestions to Overcome Obstacles
Jae Hyoung IM ; Chung Hyun NAHM ; Ji Hyeon BAEK ; Hea Yoon KWON ; Jin-Soo LEE
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020;35(26):e239-
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading around the world, causing much morbidity and mortality everywhere. However, effective treatments or vaccines are still not available. Although convalescent plasma (CP) therapy can be useful in the treatment of COVID-19, it has not been widely used in Korea because of the concerns about adverse effects and the difficulty in matching patients to donors. The use of ABO-incompatible plasma is not contraindicated in treatment, but can be hesitated due to the lack of experience of physicians. Here, we describe a 68-year old man with COVID-19 who was treated ABO-incompatible plasma therapy; additionally, we comment on the acute side effects associated with ABO mismatch transfusion. To overcome the obstacles of donor-recipient connections (schedule and distance), we propose the storage of frozen plasma, modification of the current Blood Management Law, and the establishment of a CP bank. We suggest that experience gained in CP therapy will be useful for not only the treatment of COVID-19, but also for coping with new emerging infectious diseases.
5.Percutanous Ultrathin Flexible Peritoneoscopy for Detecting Peritoneal Metastasis: A Feasibility Study.
Min Su KIM ; Hea Yoon KWON ; Byoung Wook BANG ; Hyung Gil KIM ; Kye Sook KWON ; Yong Woon SHIN ; Seok JEONG ; Don Haeng LEE
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2013;13(3):167-172
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preoperative diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis is extremely important to select the appropriate treatment strategy and predict the prognosis for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, imaging techniques have a limited capacity for detecting peritoneal metastasis. We therefore evaluated the feasibility of percutaneous ultrathin flexible peritoneoscopy in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Percutanous ultrathin flexible peritoneoscopy was performed on two mini-pigs under general anesthesia. We punctured the abdominal wall at the anti-Mcburney and umbilical regions using a 16-gauge angiocatheter. Guidewire was inserted through the angiocatheter and we then enlarged the puncture using a biliary dilation catheter and a 6- to 8-mm balloon dilator catheter. After track formation, we inserted a 4.9-mm ultrathin endoscope into the abdominal cavity. The peritoneal cavity was examined, and peritoneal and liver biopsy was performed. The puncture was closed with a single suture. After the procedure, we monitored the general condition of the pigs for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Percutaneous ultrathin flexible peritoneoscopy was successfully performed regardless of the puncture site location. Peritoneal and liver biopsy was also successfully executed. The mean procedure time was 20 minutes. Formation of the abdominal track was not easily accomplished with standard endoscopic equipment. Nevertheless, none of the abdominal organs were injured. The post-procedure course was uneventful. Minor scarring was observed at the incision site 2 weeks after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Percutanous ultrathin flexible peritoneoscopy is a relatively simple and technically feasible method. However, dedicated accessories for fascial dilation should be developed to ensure the safety of human patients undergoing this procedure.
Abdominal Cavity
;
Abdominal Wall
;
Anesthesia, General
;
Animals
;
Biopsy
;
Catheters
;
Cicatrix
;
Endoscopes
;
Feasibility Studies
;
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
;
Laparoscopy
;
Liver
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Peritoneal Cavity
;
Peritoneum
;
Prognosis
;
Punctures
;
Sutures
;
Swine
6.Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Refractory and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Case Series of Nine Patients.
Byoung Wook BANG ; Jin Seok PARK ; Hyung Kil KIM ; Yong Woon SHIN ; Kye Sook KWON ; Hea Yoon KWON ; Ji Hyeon BAEK ; Jin Soo LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2017;69(4):226-231
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for refractory and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Despite its excellent efficacy and recent widespread use, FMT has not been widely used in South Korea thus far. We describe our experience with FMT to treat refractory/recurrent CDI. METHODS: We conducted a chart review of patients who underwent FMT for refractory/recurrent CDI at Inha University Hospital, between March 2014 and June 2016. The demographic information, treatment data, and adverse events were reviewed. FMT was administered via colonoscopy and/or duodenoscopy. All stool donors were rigorously screened to prevent infectious disease transmission. RESULTS: FMT was performed in nine patients with refractory/recurrent CDI. All patients were dramatically cured. Bowel movement was normalized within one week after FMT. There were no procedure-related adverse events, except aspiration pneumonia in one patient. During the follow-up period (mean 11.4 months), recurrence of CDI was observed in one patient at one month after FMT due to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: FMT is a safe, well-tolerated and highly effective treatment for refractory/recurrent CDI. Although there are many barriers to using FMT, we expect that FMT will be widely used to treat refractory/recurrent CDI in South Korea.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
;
Clostridium difficile*
;
Clostridium*
;
Colonoscopy
;
Disease Transmission, Infectious
;
Duodenoscopy
;
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation*
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Pneumonia, Aspiration
;
Recurrence
;
Tissue Donors
7.Study on the Eating Habits and Practicability of Guidelines for Reducing Sodium Intake according to the Stage of Change in Housewives.
So Hyun AHN ; Jong Sook KWON ; Kyungmin KIM ; Jin Sook YOON ; Baeg Won KANG ; Jong Wook KIM ; Seok HEO ; Hea Young CHO ; Hye Kyeong KIM
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2012;17(6):724-736
This study was intended to investigate the sodium-related perception, dietary behavior, and practicability of methods for reducing sodium intake(RSI) according to the stage of change in consumers. The survey was conducted to 770 housewives, among them 553 subjects who answered the key questions for the stage of change were categorized into ''aintenance (M)' stage (maintaining reduced salt intake for more than 6 months; n = 287, 51.90%), 'Action (A)' stage (maintaining reduced salt intake for less than 6 months; n=139, 25.14%), and 'Pre-Action (P)'stage (not starting reduced salt intake; n = 127, 22.97%). The subjects in M and A were significantly older than those in P (p < 0.01). The scores of desirable dietary habit and dietary balance were the highest in M followed by A and P. When eating out, the subjects in P considered 'price' more and 'healthiness of food' less than those in M and A did. Among the guidelines for RSI, 'Avoid Processed Foods', 'Eat enough vegetables and fruits' and 'Add little amount of dipping sauce for fried food' were selected as the three easiest items to perform. With regard to the sodium-related perception, the subjects in M considered eating-out food to be more salty than homemade dishes, read nutrition labels more, avoided table salt or dipping sauce for fried food more, and had 'own low-sodium recipe' than those in P (p < 0.001). It is suggested that practicability of actions for RSI and the stage of change should be considered to develop effective personalized education program and nutrition guidance.
Eating
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Food Habits
;
Humans
;
Sodium
;
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
;
Vegetables
8.Risk Factors and Molecular Epidemiology of Community-Onset Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Bacteremia.
Yoon Soo PARK ; Il Kwon BAE ; Juwon KIM ; Seok Hoon JEONG ; Seung Sik HWANG ; Yiel Hea SEO ; Yong Kyun CHO ; Kyungwon LEE ; June Myung KIM
Yonsei Medical Journal 2014;55(2):467-475
PURPOSE: Inadequate empirical therapy for severe infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) is associated with poor outcomes. This study was designed to investigate risk factors for community-onset ESBLEC bacteremia at admission to a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed that included all episodes of ESBLEC bacteremia in the outpatient department or within 48 hours of admission from January 2005 to March 2009. Data on predisposing factors were collected. The molecular epidemiology of ESBLEC clinical isolates was also determined. RESULTS: Among 25281 blood cultures, 60 episodes of ESBLEC bacteremia were studied, which accounted for 7% of all E. coli bacteremia at admission. Healthcare-associated infection [odds ratio (OR), 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.4-28.7; p=0.001], malignancy (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.3-16.3; p=0.018), urinary tract infection (OR, 139.1; 95% CI, 24.6-788.2; p<0.001), hepatobiliary infection (OR, 79.1; 95% CI, 13.5-463.8; p<0.001), third generation cephalosporin usage during preceding 3 months (OR, 16.4; 95% CI, 2.0-131.8; p=0.008), and severe sepsis/septic shock (OR, 73.7; 95% CI, 12.4-438.5; p<0.001) were determined as independent risk factors for community-onset ESBLEC bacteremia. The most common extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene identified was bla(CTX-M-15) (n=31) followed by bla(CTX-M-14) (n=23). CONCLUSION: The most common types of ESBLs in E. coli causing community-onset bacteremia were CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 in Korea. By result of decision tree analysis, the empirical use of carbapenems is suggested only for patients with severe sepsis/septic shock, hepatobiliary infection, or healthcare-associated urinary tract infection.
Bacteremia*
;
beta-Lactamases
;
Carbapenems
;
Case-Control Studies
;
Causality
;
Confidence Intervals
;
Decision Trees
;
Escherichia coli*
;
Escherichia*
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Methods
;
Molecular Epidemiology*
;
Outpatients
;
Risk Factors*
;
Shock
;
Tertiary Healthcare
;
Urinary Tract Infections
9.Different anti-remodeling effect of nilotinib and fluticasone in a chronic asthma model.
Hye Seon KANG ; Chin Kook RHEE ; Hea Yon LEE ; Hyoung Kyu YOON ; Soon Seok KWON ; Sook Young LEE
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2016;31(6):1150-1158
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective treatment currently available for asthma, but their beneficial effect against airway remodeling is limited. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib has inhibitory activity against c-kit and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. We compared the effects of fluticasone and nilotinib on airway remodeling in a chronic asthma model. We also examined whether co-treatment with nilotinib and fluticasone had any synergistic effect in preventing airway remodeling. METHODS: We developed a mouse model of airway remodeling, including smooth muscle thickening, in which ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized female BALB/c-mice were repeatedly exposed to intranasal OVA administration twice per week for 3 months. Mice were treated with fluticasone and/or nilotinib intranasally during the OVA challenge. RESULTS: Mice chronically exposed to OVA developed eosinophilic airway inflammation and showed features of airway remodeling, including thickening of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer. Both fluticasone and nilotinib attenuated airway smooth muscle thickening. However, only nilotinib suppressed fibrotic changes, demonstrating inhibition of collagen deposition. Fluticasone reduced pro-inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, and several cytokines, such as interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, induced by repeated OVA challenges. On the other hand, nilotinib reduced transforming growth factor β1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and inhibited fibroblast proliferation significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that fluticasone and nilotinib suppressed airway remodeling in this chronic asthma model through anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic pathways, respectively.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
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Airway Remodeling
;
Animals
;
Asthma*
;
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
;
Collagen
;
Cytokines
;
Eosinophils
;
Female
;
Fibroblasts
;
Fluticasone*
;
Hand
;
Humans
;
Inflammation
;
Interleukin-13
;
Interleukin-4
;
Interleukin-5
;
Mice
;
Muscle, Smooth
;
Ovalbumin
;
Ovum
;
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
;
Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
;
Transforming Growth Factors
10.The seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in healthy adults in Korea.
Hea Yoon KWON ; Jae Hyoung IM ; Sun Myoung LEE ; Ji Hyeon BAEK ; Areum DUREY ; Shin Goo PARK ; Jae Seung KANG ; Jin Soo LEE
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2017;32(3):530-535
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cat-scratch disease (CSD), caused by Bartonella henselae is one of the most common zoonosis. However, only several cases of B. henselae infection have been reported in Korea. This study investigated the seroprevalence of B. henselae in healthy adults and related risk factors. METHODS: Serum samples from 300 healthy participants were analyzed using an immunoglobulin G immunof luorescence assay (IFA) for B. henselae isolated in Korea. Surveys on the risk factors for B. henselae infection were conducted simultaneously. RESULTS: Of the participants, 47.7% and 15.0% raised dogs and cats, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of B. henselae was 15.0% (IFA titer ≥ 1:64). Participants who had raised cats showed 22.2% seropositivity against B. henselae, and those with no experience with cats showed 13.7% seroprevalence (p = 0.17). Participants who had cats as pets or been scratched by cats, showed 9.8% seropositivity against B. henselae (IFA titer ≥ 1:256). However, those who had not raised or been scratched by a cat showed 2.0% seropositivity (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: In Korea, the seroprevalence of B. henselae is higher than expected, suggesting that Bartonella infection due to B. henselae is not uncommon. Cats are proposed to play a more important role than dogs in transmission of CSD.
Adult*
;
Animals
;
Bartonella henselae*
;
Bartonella Infections
;
Bartonella*
;
Cat-Scratch Disease
;
Cats
;
Dogs
;
Healthy Volunteers
;
Humans
;
Immunoglobulin G
;
Korea*
;
Risk Factors
;
Seroepidemiologic Studies*