The purpose of the study was to identify the nursing diagnoses for aged persons in gerontological clinical practice of nursing students. In this study, a total of 101 cases including 36 cases of hospitalized elder, 33 cases of institutionalized elders, and 32 cases of community dwelling elders were used in case studies reported by nursing students. Descriptive statistics was employed to determine 370 nursing diagnoses in 101 cases. There were four findings. First, 47.5% of total 370 nursing diagnoses was 'risk for injury'. The next highest percentage of nursing diagnoses was 38.9%( powerless/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance). Second, the most nursing diagnosis for hospitalized elders was 'knowledge deficit'(41.7%), and the next was 'risk for injury'(38.9%), and 'risk for impaired skin integrity'(27.8%). Third, for both institutionalized elders and community dwelling elders, the most nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', and the next was 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance', and 'activity intolerance/impaired physical immobility'. Fourth, the related factors of 'risk for injury' were low bone density, low balance, low visual and auditory ability, muscle atrophy, low cognitive function, danger environment, and knowledge deficit. the related factors of 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance' were low activity ability, social isolation, low motivation depression, change of daily pattern, decrease of memory, and disorientation. These findings have implications that risk for injury related to physical changes of aging is the most significant health problem of frail elders in diverse setting. In addition, emotional problems of powerless, hopelessness, and self-esteem disturbance are significant need to develop nursing intervention for frail elders in diverse setting.
Aged ; Aging ; Bone Density ; Depression ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Memory ; Motivation ; Muscular Atrophy ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Skin ; Social Isolation ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Chronic Disease* ; Risk Factors*

Postconditioning has been shown to protect the mouse brain from ischemic injury. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of postconditioning remain elusive. We have found that toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an integral role in postconditioning-induced neuroprotection through Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in cerebral ischemia. Compared to animals that received 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) group, animals that also underwent postconditioning showed a significant reduction of up to 60.51% in infarct volume. Postconditioning increased phospho-Akt (p-Akt) levels and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus as early as 1 h after tMCAO and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt by Akt inhibitor IV decreased NF-κB promoter activity after postconditioning. Immunoprecipitation showed that interactions between TLR5, MyD88, and p-Akt were increased from postconditioning both in vivo and in vitro. Similar to postconditioning, flagellin, an agonist of TLR5, increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and Akt phosphorylation. Our results suggest that postconditioning has neuroprotective effects by activating NF-κB and Akt survival pathways via TLR5 after cerebral ischemia. Additionally, the TLR5 agonist flagellin can simulate the neuroprotective mechanism of postconditioning in cerebral ischemia.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia* ; Flagellin ; Immunoprecipitation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mice* ; Neuroprotection ; Neuroprotective Agents ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphorylation ; Toll-Like Receptor 5

Cantrell's syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, consists of five malformations. There are the midline abdominal wall defect, the defect of sterna lower part, an agenesis of the anterior part of the diaphragm, an absence of the diaphragmatic pericardium, and the congenital intracardiac problem. We diagnosed Cantrell's syndrome with left ventricular diverticulum in a female neonate with no perinatal problems. She experienced an one-staged operation and discharged with no complications. We report a case with brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Wall ; Diaphragm ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Pericardium

Cough is one of the most common symptoms that causes patients to seek outpatient medical care. If cough persists longer than 8 weeks, common causes of chronic cough, such as upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), should be considered. Although not a common cause of chronic cough, achalasia may cause symptoms very similar to reflux that can lead to its misdiagnosis as GERD. In this report, a 40-year-old woman presenting with chronic cough was initially diagnosed with GERD; however, her symptoms were refractory to conventional GERD treatment. Finally, she was diagnosed with achalasia. Her cough improved completely after pneumatic dilatation. Achalasia is a rare disease accompanied by dysphagia or regurgitation. If cough presumably due to GERD does not respond to treatment, or if the cause of chronic cough is uncertain, physicians should suspect achalasia.
Adult ; Asthma ; Cough* ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnostic Errors ; Dilatation ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Rare Diseases

PURPOSE: The study was designed to verify effects of aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and the autonomic nervous system in breast cancer patients who are undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS: Data were collected from November 2006 through March 2007 at the C university hospital in Seoul. The study included 33 patients and they were assigned to three groups. Group I had aroma oil inhalation for 2 minutes per time, three times a day for six weeks whereas Group II and a control group inhaled aroma oil for 2 minutes per time, once a day for six weeks. For Groups I and II, a mixture of lemon, lavender, rosewood and rose essential oils were used while control group inhaled tea tree oil. RESULTS: Depression was significantly decreased in patients in the experimental groups only. In Groups I and II patients, anxiety level was lower than that in control patients. Patients in Groups I and II also showed stronger physical resistance to stress than control group patients. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy should be considered as a method that can significantly decrease depression in breast cancer patients who are undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy.
Anxiety ; Aromatherapy ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Depression ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lavandula ; Oils, Volatile ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Tea

BACKGROUND: Ferritin reference values vary by age, gender, and ethnicity. We aimed to determine reference values of serum ferritin (SF) and the percentage of transferrin saturation (TSAT) for Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2,487 participants (1,311 males and 1,176 females) aged 10–20 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012). We calculated age- and gender-stratified means and percentile values for SF and TSAT. RESULTS: We first plotted mean SF and TSAT by gender and according to age. In males, mean SF tended to be relatively constant among participants aged 10 to 14 years, with an upward trend thereafter. Mean SF trended downward among female participants until the age of 15 years and remained constant thereafter. Thus, significant gender differences in ferritin exist from the age of 14 years. High levels of SF were associated with obesity, and lower SF levels were associated with anemia and menarche status. CONCLUSION: We established reference values of SF and TSAT according to age and gender. The reference values for SF calculated in this study can be used to test the association between SF values and other defined diseases in Korean children and adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Anemia ; Child* ; Female ; Ferritins* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Menarche ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Reference Values* ; Transferrin*

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of lymphocyte counts and the lymphocytemonocyte ratio (LMR) in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 27 pediatric patients with localized extremity osteosarcoma, treated at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between May 2002 and March 2016. Leukocyte counts and LMR before treatment and on day 14 (LMR14) of the first cisplatin-doxorubicin chemotherapy round were evaluated. Patients were dichotomized according to the median value of these parameters, and survival rates were compared. RESULTS: The median age of the 27 patients was 9.9 years (range, 3.2–14.1 years) and tumor sites were: distal femur (n=14), proximal humerus (n=7), proximal tibia (n=2), proximal fibula (n=2), and elsewhere (n=2). Patients were followed up on for a median of 76.4 months (range, 4.5–174.7 months), and 5-year overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 66.0%±9.8% and 60.9%±9.7%, respectively. Patients with a higher pretreatment lymphocyte count (≥2,320/μL) had better OS (90.9% vs. 46.2%, P=0.04) and EFS (83.9% vs. 38.5%, P=0.02). However, the day 14 lymphocyte count was not associated with survival. While no survival difference was observed between patients grouped according to pretreatment LMR (median value, 6.3), patients with a higher LMR14 (≥5) fared better than those with lower LMR14 (5-year OS: 83.3% vs. 46.3%, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment lymphocyte count and LMR during chemotherapy had prognostic significance in pediatric osteosarcoma patients. Further studies involving larger cohorts are necessary to validate our findings.
Cohort Studies ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Extremities ; Femur ; Fibula ; Humans ; Humerus ; Korea ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Medical Records ; Monocytes ; Osteosarcoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that typically occurs in young adults. AA in the elderly is relatively rare, thus little data have been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the clinical characteristics of AA in the elderly. METHODS: We performed a 10-year retrospective study of AA in the elderly who visited our dermatologic clinic from January 2002 to December 2011. A clinical review of medical records and telephone interviews were performed by two dermatologists. RESULTS: Among 1,761 patients with newly diagnosed AA, 61 (3.5%) were older than 60 years at the first visit. Among those who completed a telephone interview, 74.3% (26/35) had less than 50% of scalp-localized hair loss. There was no association between the extent of AA and hair graying (p=0.679). Favorable therapeutic response was observed in 62.9% (22/35) of cases. CONCLUSION: AA in the elderly shows mild disease severity and favorable treatment response. There is no association between graying and the extent of AA. However, the influence of aging on the pathogenesis of AA in the elderly deserves further investigation.
Aged* ; Aging ; Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Hair ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to develop directions for research on nursing practice education and also for standardization of contents of Fundamental Nursing Practice (FNP) by identifying and analyzing the present content and inconsistency in FNP textbooks. METHOD: Eleven FNP textbooks published between 2007 and 2013 were selected and itemized nursing contents were compared and analyzed. Nursing professors and practicingnurses prioritized contents identified from an actual condition survey based on theoretical reason and clinical guides for each item. RESULTS: Inconsistencies were found for 34 domains with 219 sub items and of them, 21 domains and 84 items needed to be standardized. Number of items that showed consistency between professors and nurses (ICC > or = .800) was 29 (34.5%) and for complete consistency (ICC=1), 4 (4.8%). Number of items that showed inconsistency between the groups (ICC< .600) was 30 (35.7%) and very low consistency (ICC=0), 10 (11.9%). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a difference between understood validity of content by professors and by nurses and technical differences among FNP textbooks. Therefore confirmation of the items needing to be standardized and differences in understanding content by professors and by nurses shows a need for standardization of practice education between course and clinical practice. These results provide basic data for developing standardized form of FNP education.
Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Nursing*