The purpose of this study was to investigate the regional differences in dietary supplement use and related factors among college students participating in nutritional education programs via the internet. The subjects in this study were 797 college students (male: 518, female: 279). A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire about dietary supplement use, demographic characteristics, health-related lifestyles, nutrient intake, and data were collected via the internet and by mail. Dietary supplements were taken by 82.2% of subjects (males: 76.3%, females: 85.3%). There was a significant regional difference in supplement use (p < 0.01). The supplements, used most frequent by male students in the Seoul and Incheon areas were lactic acid beverages and gagogi, in that order. Male students in the Kyunggi area used gagogi and lactic acid beverages in that order. Lactic acid beverages and Chinese medicine were used most frequently by male students in the Chungcheong area. Male students in the Kyungsang area used lactic acid beverages and water-soluble vitamins, in that order. Male students in Seoul and Kyungsang areas showed significantly higher percentage of keep on taking supplements compared to other areas (p < 0.05). Both male and female students in the Seoul area had more frequent medical examinations, in comparison to students in other areas (p < 0.05). Male students in the Kyungsang and Seoul areas took significantly more calcium (p < 0.05) and iron (p < 0.05), in comparison to students in other areas. Female students in the Kyunsang area took significantly more Vitamin A, phosphorous and iron (p < 0.05), while those in the Seoul area took significantly more Vitamin C (p < 0.01) and calcium (p < 0.05). Male students in the Chungcheong area took significantly less seaweed, in comparison to students in other areas (p < 0.05). Male students in the Seoul area had the highest amount of animal fat and oil, while those in the Incheon area ate the lowest amount of animal oil and fat (p < 0.05). Female students in the Kyunggi area ate the highest amount of fruit, while those in the Incheon area ate the lowest amount of fruit (p < 0.05). Female students in the Incheon area ate the highest amount of seaweed, while those in the Kyunggi area ate the lowest amount of seaweed (p < 0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop dietary supplements to optimize the nutritional status of college students in different areas of Korea.
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Beverages ; Calcium ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dietary Supplements* ; Eating ; Education* ; Female ; Fruit ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Incheon ; Internet* ; Iron ; Korea ; Lactic Acid ; Life Style ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Postal Service ; Seaweed ; Seoul ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Empyema, Tuberculous* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; T-Lymphocytes*

A case is reported of anaphylactoid reaction to atracurium, used for the induetion of an- esthesia for skin graft in a 36 year old man. The patient had no previous history of any allergic tendency. It is not possible to distinguish between direct pharmacological effects and immune mediated hypersensitivity reactions by clinical observation alone. The mechanism of reaction in this patient was investigated by the leukocyte histamine release test, intradermal test, direct intravenous challenge with other induction agents used during the induction of anesthesia and radioallergosorbent test. The histamine releasing property of atracurium, the distinguishing methods between ana phylactic and anaphylatoid reaction, and the anesthetic management for this kind of reaction are discussed.
Adult ; Anaphylaxis ; Anesthesia ; Atracurium* ; Histamine ; Histamine Release ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Intradermal Tests ; Leukocytes ; Radioallergosorbent Test ; Skin ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT features of target-like bowel wall thickenings and to correlate target layers with histopathologic layers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 37 target-like bowel wall thickenings with inner high-, middle low- and outer high attenuated layers on CT scan. Bowel lesions included 15 cases of ischemic lesion, 12 of inflammation, four of carcinomatosis, four of trauma, and two of radiation enteritis. Target-like bowel wall thickenings were classified into three types : with inner most thickened high-attenuated layer(type I); with middle most thickened low-attenuted layer(type II), and with outer most thickened high-attenuated layer(type III). We analyzed the characteristic CT features of these bowel lesions and correlated target and histopathologic layers in resected bowel specimens. RESULTS: Target-like bowel wall thickening was type I in 18 cases(49%), type II in 13 cases(35%), and type III in 6 cases(16%). Type I ischemic bowel lesions and inflammations were most common, and were found in 60% and 67% of cases, retrospectively. All cases of trauma were type II and radiation colitis was type III. Histopathologic findings showed that each layer of target lesions did not exactly correlate with histopathologic layers. However, the inner high attenuated layer correlated with mucosa and some submucosa, the middle low-attenuated layer correlated with most submucosa and some muscularis, and the outer high-attenuated layer correlated with muscularis, serosa, and periserosal mesentery. CONCLUSION: CT features of target-like bowel wall thickenings showed type characteristics according to bowel lesions. Histopathologic comparison and analysis were considered helpful for the differential diagnosis of bowel lesions.
Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Angiography ; Carcinoma ; Colitis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enteritis ; Glucagonoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulinoma ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesentery ; Mucous Membrane ; Pancreas* ; Retrospective Studies ; Serous Membrane ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

A 38-year-old male-to-female transgender patient who had undergone a transsexual operation 20 years earlier presented with right flank pain and chills. Abdominal CT scan and gastrografin colon enema revealed a right psoas abscess and an abnormal communication between the large bowel and this psoas abscess. She underwent a right hemicolectomy and was finally diagnosed as having a Klebsiella psoas abscess due to perforated diverticulitis and intestinal tuberculosis. Additional antibiotics and antituberculous medication were required. A secondary psoas abscess due to diverticulitis is rare, and to our knowledge, no case combined with intestinal tuberculosis has previously been reported. We present the case with a brief review of related reports.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chills ; Colon ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Diverticulitis ; Enema ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Psoas Abscess ; Tuberculosis

A 38-year-old male-to-female transgender patient who had undergone a transsexual operation 20 years earlier presented with right flank pain and chills. Abdominal CT scan and gastrografin colon enema revealed a right psoas abscess and an abnormal communication between the large bowel and this psoas abscess. She underwent a right hemicolectomy and was finally diagnosed as having a Klebsiella psoas abscess due to perforated diverticulitis and intestinal tuberculosis. Additional antibiotics and antituberculous medication were required. A secondary psoas abscess due to diverticulitis is rare, and to our knowledge, no case combined with intestinal tuberculosis has previously been reported. We present the case with a brief review of related reports.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chills ; Colon ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Diverticulitis ; Enema ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Psoas Abscess ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: For Parkinsonian patients who had not reacted favorably on drug therapy are good candidate for ventroposterolateral pallidotomy, although not curative. We studied these patients after unilateral pallidotomy, to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this procedure. METHODS: We evaluated the 17 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's diesease who had undergone unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. All patients responded to levodopa initially. Mean age was 55 years(38-75years), and mean duration of disease was 9.8 years(3-20years). Pre-and postoperative evaluation at 3 month intervals included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale(UPDRS) scoring, Hoehn and Yahr(H and Y) staging, and neuropsychological examinations. RESULTS: Pallidotomy significantly improved parkinsonian symptom(tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, sensory symptom). Nine of 10 patients who showed dyskinesia preoperatively significant improvement. The mean dose of levodopa in 9 patients was lowered. The mean H and Y score and UPDRS score were improved in on and/or off time in 15 patients. Among patients who were not improved, one patient worsened, and the others showed no change. The mean overall UPDRS off score changed from 76 preoperatively to 44(33%) at 6 months and from 70 to 52(25%) at 1 year. Transient surgical morbidity was showen in four patients and included dysarthria, hypotonia and confusion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that pallidotomy is safe and effective in patients who have levodopa-reponsive parkinsonism with severe symptom fluctuation. Unilateral pallidotomy also considered helpful to ipsilateral symptom. Unilateral pallidotomy can improve all of parkinsonian's symptom and allow to reduce the levodopa medication. Most of patients show satisfactory results.
Drug Therapy ; Dysarthria ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Levodopa ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Pallidotomy* ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to elucidate the requirements for angiographic evaluation and the selection of appropriate therapeutic approaches in patients who had strongly suggestive traumatic carotid arterial lesions. METHODS: Ten cases of traumatic internal carotid arterial lesions were analysed in this study. Injury mechanisms, neurological status, computed tomography scans, pre-and postoperative angiograms, and methods and results of the treatment were included. RESULTS: Of 10 cases, carotid-cavernous fistula(CCF) alone in three, CCF with intracranial pseudoaneurysms in three, pseudoaneurysm with dissection in one, extracranial internal carotid artery thrombosis in one, extracranial pseudoaneurysm in one, and the remaining one had all of the CCF, intracranial pseudoaneurysm and dissection. Seven of these 10 cases had sphenoid sinus wall fractures and six had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Six cases were treated with endovascular techniques, and four with direct parent artery occlusion and bypass surgery. No postoperative morbidity or additional permanent neurological deficits occurred except one patient who suffered from reperfusion hemorrhage after bypass surgery. CONCLUSION: Head trauma patients with facial bone fractures and thick subarachnoid hemorrhage should be evaluated for the development of traumatic injuries to the carotid artery as soon as possible. Endovascular treatment to these lesions have come to play an increasing role. Patients with traumatic internal carotid artery lesions who do not tolerate test occlusion require extracranial to intracranial bypass surgery before occlusion.
Aneurysm, False ; Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Thrombosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Endovascular Procedures ; Facial Bones ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Parents ; Reperfusion ; Sphenoid Sinus ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the photodynamic therapeutic response of U-87 human glioma cell in vitro as well as in the nude rat xenograft model using photofrin as photosensitizer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: U-87 cells were cultured on 96-well culture plates, photofrin(Quadralogic Technologies Inc., Vancouver, Canada) was added into the cell culture medium at concentration of 1ng/ml, 2.5ng/ml, 5ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 20ng/ml. 24 hour after drug treatment, cells were treated with optical(632nm) irradiation of 100mJ/cm2, 200mJ/cm2 and 400mJ/cm2. Photofrin(12.5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to 28 nude rats containing intracerebral U-87 human glioma as well as 26 normal nude rats. 48 hours after administration, animals were treated with optical irradiation(632nm) of 35J/cm2, 140J/cm2 and 280J/cm2 to exposed tumor and normal brain. The photofrin concen-tration was measured in tumor and normal brain in a separate population of animals. RESULTS: By MTT assay, there was 100% cytotoxicity at any dose of photofrin with optical irradiation of 200mJ/cm2 and 400mJ/cm2. But at the optical irradiation of 100mJ/cm2 cells were killed in dose dependent manner 28.5%, 49.1%, 54.4%, 78.2%, and 84.6% at concentration of 1ng/ml, 2.5ng/ml, 5ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 20ng/ml, respectively. Dose dependent PDT lesions in both tumor and normal brain were observed. In the tumor lesion, only superficial tissue damage was found with optical irradiation of 35J/cm2. However, in the optical irradiation group of 140J/cm2 and 280J/cm2 the volume of lesions was measured of 7.2mm3 and 14.0mm3 for treatment at 140J/cm2 and 280J/cm2, respectively. The U-87 bearing rats showed a photofrin concentration in tumor tissue of 6.53+/-2.16ng/g, 23 times higher than that found in the contralateral hemisphere of 0.28+/-0.15ng/g. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the U-87 human glioma in vitro and in the xenografted rats is responsive to PDT. At these doses, a reproducible injury can be delivered to human glioma in this model. Strategies to spare the normal brain collateral damage are being studied.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Dihematoporphyrin Ether* ; Glioma* ; Heterografts ; Humans* ; Photochemotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Nude

Cerebral hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of dysphagia. In many cases, dysphagia gets better once the acute phase has passed. Structural lesions such as thyromegaly, cervical hyperostosis, congenital web, Zenker's diverticulum, neoplasm, radiation fibrosis, and retropharyngeal abscess must be considered as other causes of dysphagia as well. Retropharyngeal abscess seldom occur in adults and if it does so, a search for a prior dental procedure, trauma, head and neck infection is needed. The symptoms may include neck pain, dysphagia, sore throat, and in rare cases, dyspnea accompanied by stridor. We present a case and discuss a patient who had dysphagia and neck pain after a cerebral hemorrhage. Testing revealed a retropharyngeal abscess. The symptoms were successfully treated after the administration of antibiotics.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Hyperostosis ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Pharyngitis ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retropharyngeal Abscess ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Zenker Diverticulum