No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Choanal Atresia*

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells of the prostate are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). By a comparative analysis of NE cell density in BPH tissue of men who were either exposed to or not exposed to 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, we investigated the relationship between NE cells and BPH, and the effect of androgen deprivation on NE cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostate tissue specimens, obtained from 30 men by transurethral resection of the prostate or radical cystoprostatectomy, were used. Of the 30 patients, 10 had a prostate smaller than 25 ml (normal control), the other 20 had a prostate larger than 40ml, 10 of who had taken 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) for 3 months before surgery (androgen blockade group), and 10 who had not (BPH group). The distribution of NE cells in the prostate was examined using the anti-chromogranin A (CgA) antibody, and the density of the CgA-positive cells was compared by an optical dissector method. Immunoblotting was performed using the neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibody. A Mann-Whitney U test was used in a statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the CgA-positive NE cells were localized between the acinar epithelial cells. The mean numbers of CgA-positive NE cells per acinus in the normal controls and the BPH groups were 1.67+/-0.78 and 4.45+/-2.54, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, the mean number of CgA-positive NE cells in the androgen blockade group, was 4.93+/-2.17, which was similar to the BPH group. In a NSE immunoblotting study, a distinct band was observed in the BPH and androgen blockade groups, but the density of the band was higher in the androgen blockade group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NE cells may be involved in the hyperplastic process of BPH. Inhibition of dihydrotestosterone, caused by the oral administration of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, failed to induce any significant change in the NE cells, probably due to the incomplete androgen blockade.
Administration, Oral ; Cell Count ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Neuroendocrine Cells* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of diagnosis of the failure to progress (FTP) and accompanying emergency Cesarean section in university hospital and possibility of reducing emergency Cesarean section among these patients. METHODS: Chart review of 680 patients who had underwent emergency Cesarean section with diagnosis of FTP between January 1996 and December 2002 at Hanyang University Medical Center was carried out for this study. Among patients who underwent normal vaginal delivery during the same period, 300 patients were randomly chosen for control group. Comparison between these two groups on maternal physical properties, management during delivery, birth weight and sex of babies were made. Also, differences of labor management among obstetrical staff were compared RESULTS: Compared to the vaginal delivery group, FTP group patients showed older age (29.1 vs 27.7 yr) (p=0.000), shorter stature (158.4 vs 159.8 cm) (p=0.001), and heavier body weight (68.2 vs 65.7 kg) (p=0.000) suggesting unfavorable outcome Also, birth weight of the newborn infant was heavier compared to the normal delivery group (3350 vs 3181 g) (p=0.001). In addition, the frequency of PG E2 use was higher (45% vs 35%) (p=0.001) and hours of oxytocin use was longer (6.3 vs 4.2 hr) (p=0.000) in FTP group. The distribution of delivery time in FTP group was around four or more hours in comparison to the normal delivery group in which the judgement was made that there was as inclination for sufficient effort for the purpose of a normal delivery. On one side, cervical dilatation was less than 3 cm, there were 44 people in a group with less than 70% effacement of cervix in which 40 of these people (excluding 4) were capable for a normal delivery with additional effort. Moreover, in the case of the failure to progress group, active labor management can decrease the rate of cesarean section to about 5.8% (40/680). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests the possibility that frequency of cesarean section could be reduced through the efforts of active labor management. However, there are a variety of factors leading to cesarean section that must be analyzed along with social and national support.
Academic Medical Centers ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Cervix Uteri ; Cesarean Section* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Labor Stage, First ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer is a systemic disease, and its treatment aims at the palliation or cure of the disease. In recent years, good results have been reported in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer by using single-agent paclitaxel chemotherapy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study by analyzing the medical records of patients treated at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital between May 1995 and May 1997. A total of 29 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated by a 135-mg/m2, 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel. The results were reviewed with respect to the response rates and the toxicities of paclitaxel. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 13.8%: CR (complete response rate) 3.4% (1 out of 29) and PR (partial response rate) 10.3%(3 out of 29). The most common and severe toxicity was leukopenia. However, there was no mortality, and the patients were tolerated this therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Paclitaxel as a single-agent therapy for metastatic breast cancer is tolerable, but less effective, than reported.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Paclitaxel* ; Retrospective Studies

This study was researched to provide the accurate nutrition information and the menu. We questionnaired an recognition and necessity of the nutrition labeling to 684 customers in fast-food restaurants. After data cleaning, we used spss package 14.0 and analyzed about the nutrition contents and place that display the nutrition labeling. First, we finded out lower recognition of nutrition labeling in restaurants than processed food. Second, many people hoped that calory and fat in various nutritions were displayed each 100 g or 100 mL. Third, the place displaying the nutrition information was the menu board and the counter to identify easily. Fourth, we analyzed the recognition and necessity of the nutrition labeling in fast-food restaurants by t-test and ANOVA. So, we knew that the recognition and necessity of the nutrition labeling was higher woman than man. And the more they earn much money and learned, the more the nutrition labeling are needed. But house-wife recognized the nutrition labeling lower than others.
Female ; Food Labeling ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Restaurants

PURPOSE: This study set out to identify the association between the intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations and postoperative pain by dividing the participants into a control group and 2 experimental groups receiving irrigation (1 L and 2 L), and directly measuring their intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations with a CO₂ gas detector. METHODS: A total of 101 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I and II patients aged 18–65 years were enrolled in the study. Group 1 did not receive irrigation with normal saline, while groups 2 and 3 were administered irrigation with 1 L and 2 L of normal saline, respectively, after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations were measured with a CO₂ gas detector through the port, and postoperative pain was assessed on a visual analogue scale at 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations were 1,016.0 ± 960.3 ppm in group 1, 524.5 ± 383.2 ppm in group 2, and 362.2 ± 293.6 ppm in group 3, showing significantly lower concentrations in groups 2 and 3. Postoperative pain was significantly lower in group 3 at 6 hours after surgery, and in groups 2 and 3 at 12 hours after the surgery. However, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups in postoperative pain 24 hours after the surgery. CONCLUSION: This study found a causal relationship between the amount of normal saline used for irrigation and the intraperitoneal CO₂ concentrations in that irrigation with normal saline reduces pain on the day of the surgery.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Classification ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Saline Waters

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Elevated levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), troponin I, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are each associated with higher rates of death and recurrent myocardial ischemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We evaluated the prognostic value of NT-proBNP and a multi-marker risk approach with the simultaneous assessment of NT-proBNP, troponin I, and hs-CRP in patients with ACS. METHODS: We included 277 patients who were admitted for ACS between January and December 2006. We measured NT-proBNP, troponin I, and hs-CRP within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Patients were followed for a median of 559 days for cardiovascular events, including death, new myocardial infarction, heart failure, or rehospitalization for ACS. RESULTS: NT-proBNP was the most powerful predictor of clinical outcome among the biomarkers (HR 3.65, 95% CI 2.11-6.30), followed by the peak troponin I and hs-CRP (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.12-3.87;HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.18-3.37, respectively), but not the baseline troponin I. A multi-marker risk approach with the simultaneous assessment of NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, and peak troponin I was significantly associated with cardiovascular events, especially the presence of three positive biomarkers (adjusted HR 4.20, 95% CI 1.39-12.67). CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP is the most powerful, independent predictor of clinical outcome among the cardiac biomarkers. Since the peak troponin I level provides more prognostic information than the baseline level, follow-up measurement of troponin I may be warranted for risk stratification. The multi-marker risk approach appears to have better prognostic performance than any marker in isolation.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Biomarkers ; C-Reactive Protein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Peptide Fragments ; Prognosis ; Troponin ; Troponin I

Background: Atherogenic dyslipidemia, which is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance, contributes to the development of vascular complications. Statin therapy is the primary approach to dyslipidemia management in T2D, however, the role of non-statin therapy remains unclear. Ezetimibe reduces cholesterol burden by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption. Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels via peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor alpha agonism. Therefore, when combined, these drugs effectively lower non-HDL-C levels. Despite this, few clinical trials have specifically targeted non-HDL-C, and the efficacy of triple combination therapies, including statins, ezetimibe, and fibrates, has yet to be determined. Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, active-comparator controlled trial involving 3,958 eligible participants with T2D, cardiovascular risk factors, and elevated non-HDL-C (≥100 mg/dL). Participants, already on moderate-intensity statins, will be randomly assigned to either Ezefeno (ezetimibe/fenofibrate) addition or statin dose-escalation. The primary end point is the development of a composite of major adverse cardiovascular and diabetic microvascular events over 48 months. Conclusion This trial aims to assess whether combining statins, ezetimibe, and fenofibrate is as effective as, or possibly superior to, statin monotherapy intensification in lowering cardiovascular and microvascular disease risk for patients with T2D. This could propose a novel therapeutic approach for managing dyslipidemia in T2D.