No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthopedics*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthopedics*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male*

Ethanol causes mucosal injury to the stomach and which accompanied by back-diffusion of H+. Using several drugs known to modify the gastric acid secretion and to provide cytoprotection the effect of back-diffusion of H+ by ethanol was examined. Following 48 hours of starvation rats were anesthetized with urethane, and their stomachs were filled with 4 ml of 20% ethanol solution containing 1.8 mM HCI (7.2 microEq/4 ml) every 15 min. H+ content of the collected perfusates was determined by back-titration to pH 6.0. The presence of ethanol in the stomach for 1 hour caused a loss of luminal H+ at a rate of 4.8 +/- 0.4 microEq/15 min. Pretreatment of rats with atropine (2 mg/Kg, i.v.), pirenzepine(2 mg/Kg. i.v.), cimetidine (10mg/Kg i.v.), cromolyn sodium (20mg/Kg/hr, i.v.) or domperidone (1 mg/kg. i.v.) did not affect the ethanol-induced H+ back-diffusion. Similarly, no effect was seen in rats treated with prostaglandin E2 (100 microgram/Kg i.v.) or indomethacin (5 mg/Kg, s.c). The addition of procaine (10(-5)~10(-3) M) or propranolol (10(-9)~10(-5) M) to the perfusate did not cause any changes in the ethanolinduced H+ back-diffusion. However, pretreatment of rats with acetazolamide (100 mg/Kg i.v.) or ethoxzolamide(50 mg/Kg/day, p.o. for 6 days), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, markedly suppressed the ethanol-induced loss of luminal H+. Based on these results, it is suggested that ethanol-induced back-diffusion of H+ is mediated, at least in part, by the activity of carbonic anhydrase, and that cholinergic, histaminergic and dopaminergic mechanisms are not involved. Moreover, the implications of prostaglandins and membrane stability are not suggested.
Absorption ; Animal ; Diffusion ; Ethanol/pharmacology* ; Female ; Gastric Acid/secretion* ; Gastric Mucosa/drug effects* ; Male ; Parasympatholytics/pharmacology ; Protons* ; Rats

BACKGROUND: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in Korea. Although the mechanism of its pathologic effect is still not clearly understood, epidemiological studies have suggested a very strong association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (TRH) with the disease. We detected the tdh gene and the trh gene of V. parahaemolyticus isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS: V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from clinical specimens of patients with diarrhea in different geographic areas of Seoul (16 cases), Inchon (27 cases) and Kwang Joo (2 cases) in Korea between 1998 and 2000. The colonies selected were identified by using the API 20E identification strip (API system, Analytab Products, Montalieu-Vercieu, France). PCR protocols were established for specific detection of the tdh and trh genes. Oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the reported nucleotide sequence of the tdh2 gene and the trh1 gene, respectively. RESULTS: The protocols established for the tdh and trh genes could detect 400 fg (100 colony-forming units) of cellular DNA carrying the respective gene. All strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolates in this study contained the tdh gene but not the trh gene. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of the tdh gene and trh gene of V. parahaemolyticus using the PCR is an easy and rapid method.
Base Sequence ; Diarrhea ; DNA ; DNA Primers ; Humans ; Incheon ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Seoul ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus* ; Vibrio*

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetomaternal Transfusion* ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: Complete release of the transverse carpal ligament(TCL) is accepted as the standard treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). However, loss of grip and pinch power are reported in some patients after complete release of the TCL. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of complete versus partial carpal tunnel release by using the inching technique. METHODS: Nineteen patients(a total of 27 hands) who each had a confirmed diagnosis of CTS were selected from September 2002 to February 2003. The cases were divided into three groups(mild, moderate and severe) based on preoperative electrodiagnostic studies. The patients with partial carpal tunnel syndrome were classified into the mild or moderate groups, while patients with complete carpal tunnel syndrome were classified into the moderate or severe groups. Patient oriented data (functional and symptomatic) were collected and electrophysiologic studies were undertaken preoperatively and postoperatively(on the 2nd week, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after surgery). RESULTS: In this study, the mild and moderate groups showed both good functional and symptomatic results and improvements in electrophysiologic studies. CONCLUSION: Carpal tunnel syndrome patients classified into mild or moderate groups based on nerve conduction studies, and whose precise compression sites were pinpointed using the inching technique, can be treated by partial carpal tunnel release.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Ligaments* ; Neural Conduction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the intellectual and psychological features of children with Moyamoya disease who were patients in the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of Severance Hospital. METHODS: From December 2010 through December 2012, 63 patients with diagnoses of Moyamoya disease and 59 children in a normal group were enrolled. This study was conducted using the Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Rey-Kim Memory Test for children, Korean Child Behavior Checklist and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory(TM)4.0. RESULTS: The results showed that the intellectual and psychological profiles of children with Moyamoya disease were lower than the average of the normal control group. The tested patients showed significantly lower scores for Performance Intelligence Quotient cognition level. Also, in terms of quality of life, children with Moyamoya disease had lower levels of physical and school functionality. The results were in line with those of previous studies involving psychological tests of children with chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Considering the intellectual and psychological characteristics of children with Moyamoya disease, integrated psychological intervention plans including elements such as supportive therapy for patients and programs for parental education are required.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Chronic Disease ; Cognition ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Memory ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Neurosurgery ; Parents ; Psychological Tests ; Quality of Life