Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO),metabolites of the intestinal microflora,is a newly discovered risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The intestinal flora converted choline and L-carnitine into trimethylamine in the food.Trimethylamine is oxidized to TMAO in liver enzymes.Lowering TMA can stimulate macrophages to reverse cholesterol transport and inhibit atherogenesis.TMAO poietin-monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a tool for cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transpor,lowering FMO3 can slow the gallbladder's secretion of bile,delay intestinal absorption of cholesterol,and limit the synthesis of oxidized cholesterol and cholesterol esters.TMAO in the blood can up regulate scavenger receptors in macrophages,and promote accumulation of cholesterol and formation of foam cells in macrophages,thereby promoting vascular plaque formation and promote the inflammatory response by MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B pathway.TMAO concentrates on affecting cholesterol metabolism,increasing insulin resistance,promoting platelet aggregation,increasing thrombosis,promoting vascular inflammatory response and directly leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.Lowering TMAO levels can potentially prevent or treat atherosclerotic related diseases and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The intestinal flora of the TMA/FMO3/TMAO pathway is the major pathway regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Objective To study the effects of collaborative care model on the negative mood and the quality of life of lung cancer patients. Methods Sixty patients were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 30 cases in each.The control group only received usual care,the observation group Was treated with collaborative care,encouraging patients and their families to participate in health care.Using SDS、SAS、activities of daily living(ADL)scale and St.George's Respiratory Question-naire(SGRQ)to evaluate the effects ofthe patients in both groups on admission and one months after the discharge.Results One months after the discharge,the scores of anxiety and depression among the observation group were lower than those of the control group;ADL grade and quality of life score in the observation group compared with the control group were significantly improved,the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Application of collaborative care management can improve the state of anxiety and depression,reduce hospitalization time and medical costs as well as improve quality of life.

Objective To investigate dyslipidemia and the use of lipid-lowering drugs in patients with chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and analyze the related risk factors.Methods A total of 397 out-patients with CKD in our Renal Department from March 2006 to March 2007 were enrolled;258 healthy people with similar age and sex were taken as the control group.Lipid levels were compared between the two groups and related factors were analyzed.Results Among 397 CKD patients,there were 52.1% patients with high triglyceride(TG),41% with high total cholesterol(TC),18.8% with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),47.6% with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Compared with controls,rates of hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in CKD group were higher(P

ObjectiveTo explore the best practice and normalization of arterial blood collection by comparing performance of BD preset syringe with regular syringes in arterial blood collection in standardized nursing process. MethodsThe nurses were trained to use BD preset syringe and regular syringes to collect arterial blood sample.Five hundred subjects were randomly divided into the preset syringe group and the regular syringes group,250 subjects in each.Agglutination of blood samples was observed.Time spent in every step of collections was recorded for 23 subjects in each group to calculate workflow efficiency.A questionnaire was used for nurses participated in arterial blood collection for their evaluation of both types of syringes. Results The incidence of micro-clot formation in the preset syringe group was 2 cases,lower than 15 cases in the regular syringes group,the preset syringe group also showed higher workflow efficiency as well as safe and easy-to-use characters.The difference between two groups was statistically significant. ConclusionsUsing BD preset syringe in nursing process management has lower incidence of micro-clot formation,higher workflow efficiency,safe and easy-to-use character.It should be promoted in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral intervention based on humanistic care principles on pain, psychological state and recovery in patients with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early upper gastrointestinal cancer. Methods A total of 196 patients with ESD for early upper gastrointestinal cancer were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 98 cases in each group. The control group received standard education about ESD for early upper gastrointestinal cancer, while the observation group received additional cognitive behavioral intervention based on humanistic care principles. The recovery status, the score of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the score of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the score of the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results In the observation group, the time to first flatus after surgery, the time to first defecation, and the length of hospital stay were (24.67±8.25) hours, (43.90±10.27) hours and (9.38±2.02) days respectively, which separately were shorter than (27.83±9.40) hours, (50.03±12.85) hours and (10.26±2.37) days in the control group; the VAS scores at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery in the observation group were (2.63±0.67), (1.84±0.52) and (1.33±0.38) points respectively, which were separately lower than (2.89±0.70), (2.06±0.58) and (1.47±0.42) points in the control group; the SAS score after intervention was (38.73±7.40) points in the observation group, which was lower than (42.05±8.01) points in the control group; the GSES score in the observation group after intervention was (31.53±6.27) points, which was higher than (29.28±5.96) points in the control group; all the between-group differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence rate of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Implementation of cognitive behavioral intervention based on humanistic care principles for patients with early upper gastrointestinal cancer can effectively alleviate pain and anxiety, and promote faster recovery in patients.

Objective To investigate the possibility of inducing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly to differentiate into spermatogonia.Methods To isolate,culture and purify MSCs with adherent method,the growth and proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were observed,and their immunophenotypes were determined by flow cytometry;MSCs of the third generation were divided into 2 groups to be induced and cultured,MSCs of the control group were cultured in basal medium,while those of the experimental group with conditional medium.The morphologic and ultrastructure changes of control group and experimental group cells were compared with phase contrast microscopy,electron microscopy(EM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)respectively ;the spermatogonial cells differentiated were then evaluated by immunohistochemistry stained for CD117and CD49f ;the method of Western-blot was used to test if the cells induced could express CD49f.Results A population of MSCs were isolated from human umbilical Wharton's Jelly;they were processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells and could be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling;After induction,the shape of MSCs changed greatly from the fibroblast to the round,even familiar to the tadpole;expressed the known molecular markers of spermatogonial cells,such as CD49f,CD117.Conclusion The induced MSCs not only undergo spfermatogonial-cell like morphologic changes,ultramicrostructure mature with increasing cell organs,but also express the spermatogonial cell markers,which show that human umbilical cord derived MSCs are capable of differentiating into spermatogonial cell.

In this paper, based on the special influence of supramolecular chemistry on the basic theory of Chinese medicines ( CM) , the authors further analyzed the history of meridian tropism and natural origins of CM organisms and explained CM ingredients and the universal regularity of the automatic action of the supramolecular "imprinting templates" hole channel structure. After entering human bodies, CMs, as the aggregation of supramolecular "imprinting templates" , automatically seek supramolecular subjects that are matched with their "imprinting templates" in human meridians and organs for the purpose of self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication, so as to generate specific efficacy in meridians and organs, which is reflected as the meridian tropism phenomena at macro level. This regularity can be studied by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. In vitro methods are mostly supra molecular structure analysis and kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculation; Whereas in vivo methods are dominated by the analysis on object component distribution, chromatopharmacodynamic parameters and network chromatopharmacodynamic parameters; Particularly, the acupoint-medicine method can simplify to study the supramolecular subject-object relations. Consequently, CM's'meridian tropism reveals the universal regularity for interactions of macromolecular and micromolecular "imprinting templates" of subjects and objects in natural organisms. As the first barrier for the material base of the CM theory and breakthrough in the modernization of the basic CM theory, meridian tropism plays an important role in studies on basic theories of the basic CM theory.
Acupuncture Points ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians

This research established an HPLC method for determination of six C-Glycoside flavones of warer-soluble total flavonoids from Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara, and studied the antitumor activity of the warer-soluble total flavonoids. The HPLC system consisted of Kromasil 100-5 C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column and a solution system of methanol, acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid gradient elution at a flow rate of 0. 8 mL x min(-1) and the wavelength of detector was at 334 nm. The column temperature was 25 degrees C. The antitumor activity of water-soluble flavonoids was assayed using HepG2 cell as the tested cell. The linear ranges of vicenin II, vicenin III, isoschaftoside, schaftoside, vitexin, 6, 8-di-C-a-L-arabinosylapigenin were 0.25-2.53, 0.12-1.20, 0.37-3.69, 0.16-1.63, 0.19-1.92, 0.14-1.42 microg, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 6) were 99.6% (RSD 0.87%), 100.2% (RSD 2.0%), 99.6% (RSD 1.8%), 97.9% (RSD 1.5%), 98.8% (RSD 1.2%), 98.6% (RSD 1.2%), respectively. After exposure in 24, 48, 72 h, the total flavonoids showed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 as the evaluation index, the IC50 values of 1.89, 1.71, 1.51 g x L(-1), respectively. The method is quick, simple and accurate with good re- producibility, and can be used for determination of vicenin II, vicenin III, isoschaftoside, schaftoside, vitexin, 6, 8-di-C-a-L-arabino- sylapigenin in the warer-soluble total flavonoids from L lophanthoides var. gerardianus. The warer-soluble total flavonoids from L lophanthoides have inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Isodon ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; pharmacology

The paper, based on the previous publication as special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, aims to analyze the natural origination for the Chinese medicine and to explain the special impact of "Qi chromatography" reaction on "imprinting templates" in supramolcular host of human being with Chinese medicine, in order to reveal the CM's properties of "medical element" with "imprinting templates" autonomisation generally took place in natural supramolecules, and also to discover that the CM's pharmacology are satisfied with its own approaches different form western pharmacology. It was decided, for CM's pharmacology guided by CM's theories, to "Qi chromatography" relations between the CM's ingredient groups and the meridian zang-fu viscera. The supramolcular chemistry played an all-through role in procession of making macro-regularities and special presentation on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulse owning to the matching action of all kinds of ingredients on the meridian zang-fu viscera with similar "imprinting templates". The CM's pharmacology were guided by CM's theories, owing to its interpretation of supramolecular chemistry. The pharmacology was achieved to construct up completely on base of classical chemical single molecular bonds whereas the CM's pharmacology be configured to big building by way of "imprinting templates" as multi-weak bonds among "supramolecular society". CM's pharmacology was supramolcular pharmacology dealt with "molecular society" on the base of western pharmacology, and employed to double research approaches both math-physical quantitative representation on macroscope and qualitative analyses in microscope.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Meridians ; Molecular Imprinting ; Qi

Clinical teaching is the critical stage for medical students turning to qualified doctor.In order to overcome the objective problems of insufficient clinical case resources,using the electronic medical record system to collect cases,the real case library of kidney disease was initially constructed,which was presented in the form of network resources.This case database was applied to assist teaching in the probation of eight year medical students at the undergraduate stage,and the application of the case database was evaluated in the form of questionnaire.It is found that case database is helpful to students' clinical learning,and has the necessity of further improvement and good prospects for popularization.It provides a new idea for clinical teaching.