ObjectiveTo explore the scientific and effective management of subsidization for students in poverty and to build a rational, scientific-supporting system of poor students. MethodsAnalyzing the data of the poverty status and funding, of poor students in 2006-2009 in an independent Institute ResultsAmong all the means of subsidization for students in poverty, study aid covers most and the number of students who get this aid is increasing while there are fewer national scholarships and living subsidies. ConclusionSupporting system of poor students is not perfect enough, and institutions of higher learning should find the practical way to help our poor students complete their studies successfully.

Objective To study the chronology of development within puparia to determine the postmortem interval(PMI).Methods The necrophagous fly Lucilia cuprina was reared successively in constant temperatures(16℃,20℃,24℃,28℃,32℃).Sample,dissecte,and observe the pupal morphologic changes with the stereomicroscope.Results 7 morphological changes within the puparium can be used as age-markers and the pupal period of Lucilia cuprina can be divided into 9 developmental stages.The time required for each pupal stage was inversely proportional to the temperature.Conclusion Pupal developmental stages can be used as reference to the estimation of PMI.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and relationship between phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) and their clinical significance.MethodsExpression of PTEN and VEGF were detected in 60 specimens by immunohistochemistry test(SP method).ResultsThe positive rate of PTEN was 47%(28/60) in BTCC;VEGF was 68%(41/60).With the pathological grade and the clinical stage of tumors being higher,the lower expression level of PTEN showed(P<0.05);while the expression of VEGF increased with no statistical significance(P>0.05),but having a significant difference between specimens with lymph nodes metastasis and without lymph nodes metastasis(P<0.05).The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with that of VEGF(r=-0.439,P<0.01).ConclusionThe expression of PTEN and VEGF in BTCC plays an important role during the progress of carcinoma and is helpful to evaluate the prognosis of patients.

Objective To initially observe the antitumor immune of PVAX1-HPV58mE6E7FcGB composite DNA vaccine.Methods Before detecting immune effect of the vaccine,the B16-HPV58E6E7 tumor cell line was built which could steadily express HPV58E6E7 fusion gene.Then,HPV58E6E7-GST fusion protein as an antigen was expressed and purified.Before or after immunized with the vaccine,the C57BL/6 mice were challenged by B16-HPV58E6E7 cells.Anti-tumor transplantation and tumor growth inhibition experiment were performed to observe prevention and treatment effects on the vaccine.Specific humoral and cellular immune responses in the immunized mice were detected by ELISA,enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) method.Results In the anti-tumor transplantation experiment,tumor formation rate was only 9/15 in the mice which were immunized by PVAX1-HPV58mE6E7FcGB vaccine,time before tumor formation was the longest [(13.6 ± 1.7) days] and tumor growth was the slowest in the vaccine group.In tumor growth inhibition experiment,inhibition rate reached 81.4％ in the vaccine group.Except tumor formation rate,all data in the vaccine group was superior to the pure antigen PVAX1-HPV58mE6E7Fc group (P ＜ 0.05).Humoral immune effect showed that both the vaccine and the pure antigen could induce specific antibody in the immunized mice,and the highest titer were 1 ∶ 25600 and 1 ∶ 12800,respectively.Although there was not significant difference of antibody titer between the vaccine and the pure antigen group (P ＞ 0.05),the number of activated T cells in the vaccine group was almost four times as that in the pure antigen group [(219 ±34)/4 × 105 spleen lymphocytes versus (55 ±25)/4 × 105 spleen lymphocytes,P ＜ 0.05],and the highest specific CTL that vaccine induced was significantly higher than that of pure antigen (43.3％ versus 31.3％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Humoral and cellular immune response could be effectively stimulated by PVAX1-HPV58mE6E7FcGB composite DNA vaccine.Growth of B16-HPV58E6E7 cells was significantly inhibited in the immunized mice.The cellular immune effect on the vaccine was superior to the pure antigen.Therefore,PVAX1-HPV58mE6E7FcGB could be used as a candidate vaccine for immune therapy to the HPV58 positive tumors and precancerous lesions.

Reasonable and effective compensation and incentive mechanism is key to maintaining and stimulating incentives of the staff.By means of defining the main problems and defects in the current hospital compensation system in China,performance management is used as the cornerstone for designing the public hospital compensation and incentive mechanism.Resource-based relative value scale(RBRVS) assessment system is called into play to build a compensation management system,which features workload as the basis,technical competency and risk assessment as the reference and balance scorecard as the means.This can build a fair,scientific and reasonable salary distribution system and performance evaluation system,which maximize incentives of the compensation system,and in the end maximize the economic and social benefits of the hospital.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing liver, gallbladder, spleen and renal diseases. Methods 27 patients with liver diseases, 30 patients with gallbladder diseases, 5 patients with renal diseases, 5 patients with renal trauma and 6 patients with spleen disease were examined by CEUS. Results There were 3 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 4 cases of metastatic hepatic carcinomas, 4 cases of liver abscess, 10 cases of hepatic hemangiomas and 3 cases of liver repture with active bleeding. The diagnostic coincidence rate of CEUS was 90%. 30 patients with gallbladder polyposis were diagnosed by CEUS, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 100%. 5 cases with renal diaseses included 1 of renal abscess, 1 of renal column hypertrophy and 3 of renal hemangioma. In 5 cases with renal trauma, there were 3 cases with renal contusion and 2 cases with renal rupture and active bleeding. The coincidence rate was 61%. In 6 cases with spleen diseases, there were 1 case with splenic infraction, 1 case with splenic abscess and 4 cases with splenic rupture and hemorrhage. The coincidence rate was 100%. Conclusion CEUS has great value of clinical application in diagnosis of liver, gallbladder, spleen and renal diseases.

Costimulatory molecule CD_(40) is extensively expressed by immune, hematopoietic, epithelial, and a wide range of tumor cells. As a potential target for novel cancer therapy, CD_(40)/CD_(40L) may mediate tumor regression through both an indirect effect of immune activation and a direct cytotoxic effect on the tumor. Several drug formulations that target the CD_(40)/CD_(40L) pathway have undergone phase I clinical evaluation in advanced-stage cancer patients, and initial findings show objective clinical responses immune modulation function and have not serious toxicity.

Objective　To search for a simple and rapid skin expansion. Methods　 CCPSEPA-A kind of mutual feedback type continuous normal saline perfusion system was assembled with the use of conventional transfusi on apparatus, sphygmomanometer, three-way stopcocks, plasma bag etc.14 cases ( 17 expanders) were carried out with such a device, controlled by patients themselves. Results 　The volume of expanders was 50～300 ml and the duration of expansion was 7～14 days. All the cases proved a wonderful effect that the expansion was finished by only one or two times of water filling of storage water bag, and without any complications.Conclusion　CCPSEPA is a new skin expansion apparatus of new type and practical ,simple and low price .The general goal of safe,simple, rapid and useful was realized basically by the device,and worth popularizing.

BACKGROUND: Caspase-3 is a cysteine proteinase that can promote cell apoptosis. Ciliary neurotrophic factor has many kinds of biological activities, such as protecting various neurons from injury, especially motorial neurons, thereby reducing the occurrence of nerve cell injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the Influence of ciliary neurotrophic factor on spinal cord caspase-3 expression in different ages rats following sciatic nerve injury, aiming to make further investigation about the changing regularity and modulating character of peripheral nerve damage at various ages rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Ultrasound Department and the 5th Research Institute of Daping Hospital, Field Surgery Research Institute of the 3rd Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Field Surgery Research Institute of the 3rd Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2000 to December 2001. Altogether 810 wistar rats including infant rats with body mass of 30-100 g (birth age of 20 days), adult rats of 200-350 g (birth age of 4 m), elder rats of 400-800 g (birth age of 18-24 m),were selected with 270 rats in each age stage. Female and male does not limit.METHODS: [1] Experimental animal grouping: Various age rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=18), ciliary neurotrophic factor group(n=126) and physiological saline group (n=126), rats in ciliary neurotrophic factor group and physiological saline group were subdivided into 1 day, 3days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks subgroups. [2] Animal model preparation: In Ciliary neurotrophic factor group and physiological saline group, rats were cut off a piece of sciatic nerve of 2 mm long, both ends connected with silica tube for constructing neuranagenesis cab, in which 15 μL recombined ciliary neurotrophic factor (25 mg/L) was injected in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, and 15 μL physiological saline in physiological saline group. [3] Preparation and examination of specimen:Six rats were randomly selected from each group, lumbar L3-5 spinal cord were obtained for carryingonnation, caspase-3 activity examination and Western blotting examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Expression of spinal cord caspase-3 with IHC assay. [2] Distribution and expression intensity of spinal cordcaspase-3 by Western blotting technique. [3] Changes in caspase-3 activity.RESULTS: Altogether 810 rats completed the experiment, all data was entered the final result analysis. [1] Expression of spinal cord caspase-3 with IHC assay: After injury, neuronal caspase-3 expression became strengthened at injured side of various age physiological saline groups, which obviously increased at posttraumatic 2 weeks and 4 weeks, but less expressed at 8 weeks and 12 weeks; while in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, posttraumatic caspase-3 expression was mostly obvious at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. [2] Distribution and expression intensity of spinal cordcaspase-3 by Western blotting technique: Caspase-3 expression was not significant difference between various age subgroups in normal group(P ＞ 0.05). Comparing to the same age normal group and non traumatic group, caspase-3 expression was strengthened at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in various age physiological saline group and ciliary neurotrophic factor group damages (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, caspase-3 showed weaker expression at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in infants; 2weeks and 4 weeks in adults, 4 weeks in elders comparing to corresponding physiological saline group, difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The comparison between untraumatic side of each group and normal group showed no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05). [3] Changes in caspase-3 activity: In child, adult and elder physiological saline groups, caspase-3 activity was increased in traumatic spinal cord, moreover caspase-3 activity was higher than elder and adult group at various age point (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); in child, adult and elder ciliary neurotrophic factor groups, caspase-3 activity is lower than physiological saline group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). After damage,caspase-3 activity at traumatic side in physiological saline group and ciliary neurotrophic factor group was difference from normal group but without significant meaning (P ＞ 0.05), except the expression in child posttraumatic 12 weeks group was lower than normal group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: After sciatic nerve damage, caspase-3 protein expression and activity were found to be increased in spinal cord of different age groups rats which can be reduced by extragenous ciliary neurotrophic factor, which playing protective role on spinal cord nerve cells, such protection would gradually attenuated in child group, adult group to elder group in turns.

Objective To study the mRNA and protein expressions of the neurofilament in the region of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats after olfactory ensheating cells (OECs) transplantation combined with methyprednisolone administration and investigate the molecular mechanisms of OECs transplantation combined with methyprednisolone administration in promoting the recovery of the spinal cord.Methods Acute spinal cord injury was established in SD rats ( T10 ) by using NYU instrument. The rats were randomly divided into control group, SCI group, DF12 group, OECs transplantation group,methyprednisolone administration group and OECs + methyprcdnisolone group. The mRNA and protein expressions of the neurofilament in the SCI regions of rats in different groups at different time points were detected by using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results A significant increase of mRNA and protein expressions of the neurofilament could be found in the other five groups compared with the control group at days 7, 14 and 28 after SCI. The mRNA and protein expressions of the neurofilament in the injury region of the OECs group, the methyprednisolone group and the OECs + MP group were more significantly increased than that of the SCI group and the DF12 group. The expression of the neurofilament in the injury region of the OECs + MP group was more significantly increased than that of the OECs group and the MP group ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions OECs transplantation or methyprednisolone administration can induce the mRNA and protein expressions of the neurofilament. Meanwhile, OECs transplantation combined with methyprednisolone administration can significantly increase the mRNA and protein expressions of the neurofilament, as may be one of mechanisms promoting spinal cord repair.