Objective:To investigate the correlation between human herpesvirus-6(HHV-6) infection and pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Samples of saliva, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs),tumor tissue and tumor adjacent tissue were collected from 82 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 25 patients with oral precancer lesion and 40 healthy young adults(controls). Nested PCR assay was used to examine HHV-6 infection.Results:1)In control, precancer lesion and carcinoma groups, HHV-6 positive rates(%) were 45.0,56.0, 72.0 in saliva, 22.5,48.0,57.3 in PBMCs, and general rates(%) were 47.5,56.0 and 80.5 respectively(control vs carcinoma,P0.05).Conclusions:Saliva gland is the position of HHV-6 latency/proliferation and saliva is the predominant route of HHV-6 transmission; HHV-6 infection correlates to the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To observe the influence of several kinase pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK) , and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 ( p38MAPK) on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activated by Fructus Schisandrae extracts (FSE) . Methods HepG2 cells were treated by FSE for 24 hours after pretreatment with protein kinase inhibitors for 2 hours. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and downstream target genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD (P) H quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ( MRP2) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) , and their protein expression levels and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were measured by Western blotting method. Results RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of HO-1, NQO1, P-gp and MRP2 activated by FSE in HepG2 cells were inhibited by PD98059, SB203580 and Rottlerin, and the mRNA expression of Nrf2 was suppressed only by SB203580 and Rottlerin. Western blotting results showed that the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 and P-gp activated by SCE in HepG2 cells were inhibited by PD98059, SB203580 and Rottlerin. In addition, the protein expression of Nrf2 in HepG2 cytoplasm was increased by the above three inhibitors, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was inhibited by PD98059 and SB203580. Conclusion The mechanism of FSE activating Nrf2 pathway may be associated with the increase of Nrf2 nuclear translocation through the direct phosphorylation of Nrf2 induced by ERK and p38MAPK.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and its epidemiological characteristics among planned pregnancy couples in Chongqing.Methods A total of 10 712 planned pregnancy couples were selected by proportionally stratified multi-stage random sampling method during April and December 2013.A questionnaire survey was performed, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was used for hepatitis B virus surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and hepatitis B surface antibody ( anti-HBs) detection.SAS 8.2 was adopted for data process.Chi-square test and test for linear trend were performed to compare the rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs among different populations.Results Among 21 424 individuals, 1 718 (8.02%) were HBsAg positive.The positive rate of HBsAg in husbands was 9.48%, which was significantly higher than that in wives (6.55%,χ2 =63.39, P<0.01).Anti-HBs was positive in 8 967 (41.85%) individuals, and the positive rates in husbands and wives were 42.39% and 41.32%respectively (χ2 =2.54, P>0.05).The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs increased with the age (χ2 =2.98 and 9.83,P<0.01).The highest HBsAg positive rate and lowest anti-HBs positive rate were observed among individuals of southeast of Chongqing.The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs varied in people with different occupation.The highest HBsAg and anti-HBs positive rates were found in private business owners (9.18%) and public employees (49.69%) , respectively;and the lowest HBsAg and anti-HBs positive rates were found in public employees (6.79%) and farmers (39.08%), respectively.As the education level increased, HBsAg positive rate was decreasing (χ2 =-3.33, P<0.01), and anti-HBs positive rate was increasing (χ2 =9.73, P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of HBV infection is still high among planned pregnancy couples in Chongqing in the year of 2013.Vaccination and the related treatments should be enforced in population with high risk of HIV infection.

BACKGROUND:Xenogeneic bone has a natural porous structure that is similar to human bone. In the treatment of bone defects, the porous structure is helpful to guide bone regeneration, but different degrees of immune responses wil be caused during the implantation process. OBJECTIVE:To prepare a freeze-dried antigen-extracted sheep cancelous bone scaffold and to evaluate its biocompatibility. METHODS: The sheep vertebral cancelous bone was colected to prepare two kinds of antigen-extracted heterologous bone scaffolds that were treated with chemical methods as chemical group and treated with chemical methods+cryopreservation at a-80℃ refrigerator for 4 weeks+drying in vacuum apparatus+60 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Freeze-dried bone had no cytotoxicity, no acute toxicity and heat reaction, and was negative for the intracutaneous stimulation test. The scaffold in the chemical group had cytotoxicity and mild irradiation as freeze-dried bone group. (1)Cytotoxicity test: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels isolated from sheep were cultured in extracts of the chemical group, free-dried bone group and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12. (2) Heat reaction and acute toxicity tests: Extracts from the chemical group, freeze-dried bone group and normal saline were respectively injected into the ear vein of rabbits. (3) Intracutaneous stimulation test: Extracts from the chemical group, freeze-dried bone group and normal saline were respectively injected subcutaneously into the back of rabbits. Co acute toxicity reaction, sent heat source and had mild irritation. Results show that after freeze drying processing, the sheep vertebral cancelous bone has good biocompatibility, can meet the requirements of bone tissue engineering, but the bone that through chemical processing exhibits a relatively poor biocompatibility that cannot achieve the safety standard of biological scaffold materials.

Objective To compare new type streamlined liner pharynx airway with standard type Ⅰ laryngeal mask airway in the clinical effectiveness in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.Methods Seventy three cases undergone gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were divided into two groups randomly.The observation group(40 cases) and the control group(33 cases) were maintained by streamlined liner pharynx airway(SLIPA) and standard type Ⅰ laryngeal mask airway respectively.The success rate of placement,throat hemorrhage and pain before/after anesthesia and other indicators.were strictly observed and recorded during anesthesia.Results The success rate of placement was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of throat hemorrhage and throat pain after surgery were significantly lower in the observation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The streamlined liner pharynx airway could be easyly and safely placed and causes less tissue injury and complications in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.SLIPA was worthy of being recommended in clinical surgery.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of Wells score combined with D-dimer in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.Methods A total of 540 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism admitted from 2008 to 2011 were enrolled for study.The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) was confirmed by using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).These patients were divided into two groups:PE group and non-PE group.Comparative analysis was carried out in demographics,underlying diseases,chief complaints,physical signs,venous thrombosis risk factors,laboratory findings and Wells scores between the two groups.Results Of 502 patients selected into this study,there were 246 in PE group and 256 in Non-PE group.The incidence rates of history of recent surgery or bed-ridden,recent fracture of pelvis or lower limb,symptoms of hemoptysis,transient disturbance of consciousness,signs of unilateral lower limb swelling,hypoxia and hypocapnia of arterial blood gas analysis,elevated levels of D dimer,high Wells score in PE group were significantly higher than those in non-PE group (P ＜ 0.05).And there were no statistical difference in other variables found between the two groups.The areas under the ROC curve of Wells score,D-dimer and the combination of the two were 0.775 (95％ CI:0.719-0.831),0.802 (95 ％ CI:0.751-0.853) and 0.899 (95 ％ CI:0.834-0.964),respectively.And the area under the ROC curve of the combination of the two was greater than that of separated application (P ＜ 0.05).When the cut-off value of Wells score was 5 and D-dimer was 1 724 μg/L,the weighted maximum sensitivity and specificity were reached,and these cut-off values were higher than above determined values,the reliability of the diagnosis of PE was obviously increased,and those were lower than these cut-off values,the reliability of excluding PE was also increased.Conclusions Wells score combined with D-dimer showed a higher value in predicting acute pulmonary embolismthan than their separated application.

BACKGROUND:Xenogeneic bone structure and biological characteristics are similar to human bone tissue, and the xenogeneic bone has a decreased antigenicity after physicochemical treatment, with a natural porous structure and rich source, and can be kept for a long time, which is considered to be an effective way to solve the shortage of the autogenous bone and al ograft bone.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the physical and chemical properties of xenogenic bone materials prepared by two different methods.
METHODS:Sheep cancellous bone treated with chemical method was placed into the muffle furnace at 1 000 ℃for 2 hours to prepare calcined bone. Another cancellous bone was placed into an 80 ℃ refrigerator for 4 weeks and then placed into a vacuum instrument to prepare freeze-dried bone. Cancellous bone rinsed with ultra-pure water served as controls.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three groups of samples retained three-dimensional porous structure which similar with human bone tissue under microscopic observation. The framework was stil intact, with a smal pore of 55-650μm and high porosity of 65%-80%. For the calcined bone, the toughness was decreased and the brittleness increased significantly, but the freeze-dried bone had a little changes in the mechanical properties. Through diffraction analysis, hydroxyapatite was the main composition of the three groups. However, there was a smal amount ofβ-tricalcium phosphate in the calcined bone. Spectrum analysis confirmed that calcium and phosphorus content in these three groups were al close to the human body. The results suggest the cancellous bone treated with these two methods is similar to human bone structure, and the major elements are close to the body. In addition, the cancellous bone after processing has enough smal pore and higher porosity. However, calcination process has a more influence on the mechanical property of scaffold materials, and the freeze-dried bone has a little change but the antigen cannot be completely removed that can reach the basic requirements.

Objective To analyze the clinical experience of double lumen endobronchial tube intubation in 41 cases of whole lung lavage .Methods Forty‐one patients with whole lung lavage in our hospital from February 2010 to February 2015 were retro‐spectively analyzed .The effect of bronchoscopy and auscultation location method were explored after double‐lumen endobronchial intubation in whole‐lung lavage .Results Among 41 cases ,39 cases were successfully located by using the auscultation location ,and other 2 cases were successfully positioned by using the bronchoscopy position after repeatedly auscultation location method resulting in lung isolation failure .The catheter depth in 19 cases was adjusted after using bronchoscopy ,and then double lung was isolated well and lavage was successfully conducted .Conclusion The prerequisite for success of whole lung lavage is accurate position of double‐lumen endobronchial tube .Bronchoscopy look positioning has become the gold standard of double‐lumen endobronchial tube position .

Real-time free breathing cardiac cine imaging is a reproducible method with shorter acquisition time and without breath-hold for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. However, the detection of end-diastole and end-systole frames of real-time free breathing cardiac cine imaging for left ventricle function analysis is commonly completed by visual identification, which is time-consuming and laborious. In order to save processing time, we propose a method for semi-automatic identification of end-diastole and end-systole frames. The method fits respiratory motion signal and acquires the expiration phase, end-diastole and end-systole frames by cross correlation coefficient. The procedure successfully worked on ten healthy volunteers and validated by the analysis of left ventricle function compared to the standard breath-hold steady-state free precession cardiac cine imaging without any significant statistical differences. The results demonstrated that the present method could correctly detect end-diastole and end-systole frames. In the future, this technique may be used for rapid left ventricle function analysis in clinic.
Exhalation ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Respiration ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in distinguishing the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to evaluate the prognosis in these two groups. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 64 cases with SARS (28 men, 36 women, aged 18-93 yrs, mean age 42.3 yrs) and 46 inpatients with CAP (29 men,17 women, aged 28-88 yrs, mean age 70.1 yrs). Pathogens of respiratory tract were found in 23 patients of CAP. All of patients underwent MSCT scanning of the chest. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosis of SARS using a combination of 3 factors, including ground-glass opacities of lung parenchyma in chest CT, age, and WBC counts were 93.8%, 60.9% and 80.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for excluding SARS using a combination of consolidation of lung lesions, fiber stripe components and thicken bronchus wall of lung CT in CAP patients were 91.3%, 82.8%, and 86.4%, respectively. The death in SARS and CAP was 7 (10.9%) and 4 (8.7%), respectively. The late follow-up results indicated that 48.8% (21/43 cases) of SARS cases left abnormal manifestations in the lung. The lung sequela of the patients over 50 yrs tended to be severe with the age. Conclusion In outbreak region of SARS, MSCT plays an important role in early diagnosis, but we need to closely combine the density features of lung lesions and other manifestations of lung with clinical condition of patients to increase the accuracy for the differential diagnosis of SARS from CAP. The prognosis of patients over 50 yrs with SARS is relatively poor.