AIM: To observe the synergetic analgesic effects of low dose of haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist and under-threshold dose of morphine on mice induced by thermal and acetic acid, and to analyze the major mechanism of their synergetic actions. METHODS: To examine the analgesic synergetic effect of haloperidol (0.315 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, ip respectively), morphine (3.125 mg/kg, 6.25 mg/kg, 12.5 mg/kg ip, respectively) or combining effect of haloperidol (0.3125 mg/kg) with morphine (3.125 mg/kg) on mice, we compared the change of pain threshold stimulated by thermal, latent period of twisting, the number of times of twisting by acetic acid, and we also estimated the antagonistic effect of d -amphetamine (10 mg/kg) and naloxone (5 mg/kg) on haloperidol and morphine group. RESULTS: Combination of haloperidol with morphine significantly enhanced pain threshold of mice induced by thermal, prolonged latent period of twisting and decreased the number of times of twisting. Naloxone markedly antagonized the combination of analgesic action of haloperidol and morphine and not d -amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Combination of haloperidol with morphine have synergetic analgesic effect and morphine is the dominant factor.

A new experiment curriculum system of environmental microbiology was established centering on applied microbiology in environmental protection field and emphasizing on design and research experi- ments to motivate the students’ interests for the course, which helped them to improve their ability of think- ing independently and creatively as well as their practicing ability.

Objective:To explore the urgent management strategy for quadriplegia following China Wenchuan earthquake under filed condition.Methods:The 57-year-old male patient was sent to the earthquake relief team of Changzheng Hospital,Second Military Medical University.He was hit by heavy object during the Sichuan earthquake 6 days ago.Physical examination revealed cervical spinal cord injury accompanied by incomplete paralysis.The patient underwent cervical 3-7 laminectomy under general anesthesia.Results: After surgery,the muscle strength of lower limbs recovered to grade four from grade one;the muscle strength of upper limbs recovered to grade five from grade three.Sensory loss was found below the nipple level and totally recovered after operation.Conclusion:Early surgery for quadriplegia following earthquake trauma can timely relieve compression to the spinal cord and therefore improve prognosis of patients.Under field condition where facilities are not readily available,decompression of spinal cord can be achieved by lamineetomy via posterior approach.The key to successful operation is correct diagnosis and skillful manipulation.

Objective To investigate the significance and distribution of lymphopenia and antilymphocyte antibody(ALA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to explore the role of ALA in lympho penia.Methods One hundred and ten in-patients who were admitted during February 2003 to February 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.Indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect ALA.Results ① Lymphopenia (＜1.5×109/L) was observed in 68.2% patients.Lymphopenia was associated with skin rashes,serositis,renal involvement,NPSLE,leucopenia,ANA,ds-DNA antibody,ESR and IgG levels.The lymphocyte count and SLEDAI scores was more closely correlated than total white blood cell counts.②ALA was positive in 51/110 (46.4%) patients.ALA was associated with renal involvement,NPSLE,WBC count,C3 level decrease,ANA,dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI scores.Conclusion Lymphopenia is significantly associated with SLEDAI scores.ALA is possibly one cause of lymphcytopenia.In addition,ALA is also a parameter for disease activity,and is associated with organ involvement and outcomes.

Objective To study As2O3toxicity on rat liver in a retrograde isolated hepatic perfusion model. Methods In this study 104 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 400 g were used. Eight male SD rats were used for preoperatively normal control and the remaining rats were randomly divided into 4 subgroups receiving As2O3at dosage of 0 mg/kg,0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg respectively. Modified RIHP was used in which As2O3was infused through hepatic artery. Ringer's lactate was retrogradly infused through hepatic veins and the portal vein was used as the outflow tract. Hepatic function, pathology and liver enzymes were assessed at different time points. As2O3concentration was monitered during the perfusion in rats of subgroup C. Results Serum ALT and AST rose to the peak on the first day, returning to normal after 3 or 7 days in all four subgroups. There was no difference between the peak levels of serum ALT and AST between subgroup A and B. Differences in serum ALT、AST level between subgroup A and C, A and D, B and C, B and D, C and D were all statistically significant (FALT=40.811,P<0.01;FAST= 48.212,P <0.01). On day 7, ALT and AST in subgroup D were still statistically higher when compared with that of other subgroups and normal control (FALT=13.928, P<0.01;FAST=17.942, P<0.01), and the hepatic pathology showed necrosis of the hepatocyte. The peak levels of As2O3were 13.21±0.82(μg/ ml) and 0.09±0.008 (μg/ml)in rats liver and systemic circulation in subgroup C during isolated perfuision. There were significant differences between the peak levels of concentration of As2O3in rats liver and systemic circulation (t=35.758,P<0.01). Conclusions The hepatic toxicity is reversible caused by As2O3when given at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg of As2O3in a murine model of RIHP.

AIM:To observe the effects and mechanisms of hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4 on no-reflow phenomenon after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group , ischemia-reperfusion ( IR, treated with normal saline ) group, normal saline ischemia-reperfusion (NS-IR, treated with NS) group and HES ischemia-reperfusion (HES-IR, treated with HES) group.Myocardial infarct size and no-reflow range were determined by staining methods , and the activities of myocardial enzymes ( CK-MB, cTnI and MPO) were measured .Meanwhile , cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of the rat were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) group, NS-H/R group and HES-H/R group.Acute ischemia reper-fusion models were simulated , and the concentration of calcium ions was measured .The relative cell activity was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In HES-IR group, the myocardial in-farct size, the no-reflow zone, CK-MB, cTnI and MPO activity were all significantly lower than those in IR group ( P<0.05).In microvascular endothelial cells , the concentration of calcium ions and the apoptotic rate in HES-H/R group were significantly decreased, while the relative cell activity increased compared with H/R group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:HES reduces no-reflow in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion .The mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of both the infiltration of neutrophils and the calcium overload of endothelial cells .

Objective To explore the correlation between NF-κB signaling pathways activated by IL-18 in CD4+ T cells and the pathogenesis of PBC.Methods We detected the expression of IL-18 mRNA in PBMCs,IL-18 level in plasma,receptor IL-18R on surface of CD4+ T cell,proliferation rate of CD4+T cell and its NF-κB signaling pathway protein IκBα and NF-κB p65 by qRT-PCR,ELISA,flow cytometry,MACS and Western blot on 32 cases of patients with PBC (PBC group) and 32 healthy people (control group) in Guizhou provincial people′s hospital.Results The level of IL-18 in PBC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The relative expression of IL-18 mRNA in PBC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The percentage of CD4+T cells expressing IL-18Rα in PBC group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The proliferation rate of CD4+T cells stimulated by IL-18 in PBC group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P<0.01).The relative expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein were up-regulated in IL-18,and the expression of IκBα protein in each group was significantly increased,especially in PBC group (P<0.01).Conclusion IL-18 can activate NF-κB signal pathway in CD4+ T cells and participate in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND:Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-volerate (PHBV) is a noticeable tissue engineering material of polyhydroxyalkanoates family. It has the properties of low immune rejection response and good biocompatibility, and its degradation products are non-toxic.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompatibility of PHBV membrane material and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in vitro.
METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at passage 3 were seeded upon PHBV membrane as experimental group and upon conventional culture plates as control group. Then we calculated the adherent cel number of two groups at 1, 2 and 4 hours and got the cel adherent rate. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay was used at days 2, 4, 6, 8 to observe the cel proliferation of two groups. Fluorimetric method with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258 was used to detect the DNA content of cel s at days 3, 6, 9 and 12 in both groups. After cel s were seeded upon PHBV membrane for 5 days, the cel growth upon the material was examined under a scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the cel s were cultured for 1 hour, the adherent rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group;but there were no significant differences between two groups at the other two periods. No difference was found in the cel proliferation and the DNA content between the two groups. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s seeded upon PHBV membrane for 5 days grew wel with spindle morphology and the intercel ular connections were tight and more extracel ular matrices were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, PHBV membrane material shows a good biocompatibility with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of short-segment fixation and injured vertebra bone grafting through injured pedicle for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures under MAST Quadrant retractor via a paraspinal muscle approach.

METHODSThe data of 42 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated from June 2009 to September 2012 were reviewed. There were 19 males and 23 females, with an average age of (55.2±11.9) years old. The mean injury time was (5.8±4.3) days. Fracture segments included T10 in 3 cases, T11 in 6 cases, T12 in 13 cases, L1 in 9 cases, L2 in 7 cases, and L3 in 4 cases. According to Denis classification, 9 patients were type A, 21 patients were type B, 5 patiens were type C, 5 patients were type D, and 2 patients were type E. All the patients were treated with short-segment pedicle screw-rod system fixation under MAST Quadrant via the paraspinal muscle approach. The operative time, blood loss, complications and the height of vertebra, kyphosis Cobb angle, VAS scores, JOA scores were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle were restored. Compared with preoperative results, postoperative vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle, VAS scores and JOA scores were all improved. But there was no statistically significance in vertebral height, kyphosis Cobb angle between postoperative at 1 week and 1 year.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation combined with injured vertebra bone grafting through the injured pedicle for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures via the paraspinal intermuscular approach under MAST Quadrant is a safe, minimally invasive, effective and satisfactory method.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

Objective To investigate the imaging diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis.Methods Of 58 patients,53 cases was unilateral and 5 bilateral.All patients underwent laryngeal tomography and 6 of them underwent CT.The imaging findings were analyzed.Results The tomography findings of unilateral vocal cord paralysis were as follows:dilated piriform sinus,41.5%;asymmetrical vestibule,39.6%;enlarged ventricle,71.7%;thinning cord,47.2%;paralyzed cord higher than intact cord,73.6%;cord fixed in adducent position during inspiration,100%;tilting of the thyroid cartilage,11.3%.The cord fixed in paramedian was the main appearance of bilateral vocal cord paralysis.The CT features of vocal cord paralysis included dilated piriform sinus(6 cases),enlarged laryngeal ventricle(4 cases),fixed cord in paramedian position(4 cases)and tilted anteromedially arytenoid cartilage(5 cases).Conclusion To evaluate the functional abnormality of larynx,tomography is useful and CT is well to display the laryngeal anatomic structures and changes,therefore,if the diagnosis is uncertain by tomography or the intrinsic lesions of larynx is suspected,CT is recommended.