This paper dicusses the significance of drug clinical trials,and summarises the experiences in policy making,personnel trainning,supervising and management in drug clinical trials at the First People's Hospital of Changzhou,which may provide reference for drug clinical trials in China.

0.05).The HBeAg-turned-to-negative rate was 57% in the treated group and 38.8% in the control group.The HBVDNA-turned-to-negative rate was 59.3% in the treated group and 42.4% in the control group (P

Objective To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools. Methods The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cmaway fromthe wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chick-en blood made the cast-off bloodstain fromtop to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics ( length , width and density ) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics ( length , width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed. Results The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum( P<0 .05 ) . The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum(P<0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P<0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P<0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P<0.05). Conclusion The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.

In order to explore the effect and mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the activity of the acyl coenzyme A: cholesteryl acyltransferase (ACAT), THP-1 monocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate into macrophages with phorbol ester. TNF-alpha (60 ng/mL) was added at different time points into the macrophage-containing medium and the ACAT enzyme activity was measured by quantifying the incorporation of [1-(14)C] oleoyl CoA into cholesteryl esters. The expression of ACAT-1 protein and mRNA was respectively detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR in THP-1 macrophages 24 h after treatment with TNF-alpha (60 ng/mL). The results indicated that ACAT activity in THP-1 macrophages treated with TNF-alpha was increased in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of ACAT-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased in THP-1 macrophages after treatment with TNF-alpha (P<0.05). It was suggested that TNF-alpha could increase the activity of ACAT in THP-1 macrophages by up-regulating the expression of ACAT-1 gene.

Objective To study the effects of PIAS3 knocking down on the proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell line DU145 in vitro.Methods PIAS3 specific short hairpin RNA(shRNA) expressing plasmid was constructed and named pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.DU145 cells were transfected with pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.The proliferation of DU145 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis of DU145 cells were analyzed by flowcytometry.Results PIAS3 shRNA expressing plasmid was succefully constructed and then confirmed by sequencing.Expression of PIAS3 in DU145 was significantly reduced after pSilencer4.1/PIAS3 transfection.MTT assay showned accelerated proliferation after PIAS3 knocking down,and showned dose-effect curve.Flowcytometry showed cells in S phase increased,cells in G0/G1 decreased and percentage of apoptotic cells decreased after PIAS3 knocking down.Conclusion Knocking down of PIAS3 expression accelerates DU145 cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo solve the problem of screw penetrating the joint surface easily by determining the angle of inclination and the mean longth screw plated on the posterior column.

METHODSTen specimens of adult male cadavers, aged 20 to 74 years old, averaged 54.5 years old, were collected. After removal of the bilateral femurs from the hip joints, and sawing through the sacral and pubic symphysis in the median sagittal plane, 20 semi pelvic specimens were used for this study when the osseous abnormalities were excluded. The specimens were air dried naturelly after the soft tissue attaching to the pelvis had been eliminated. The margin of superior acetabular and inferior acetabular were determined, and the serial cross-sections of the acetabular posterior column were made. The width of posterior column,the width of acetabulum,the width ratio of acetabulum to posterior column, the angle of inclination and the mean length of screw on all entry points were measured. Defined the level parallel to 1/2 section of superior acetabulum was cross-section B; 1/2 section of acetabulum was C; 1/2 section of inferior acettabulum was D. At the different levels, defined the entry point on the outer edge of posterior column of the acetabulum or the trailing edge of acetabulum was B0, C0 or D0; lateral 1/2 of posterior column of the acetabulum was B1, C1 or D1; 1/2 of posterior column of the acetabulum was B2, C2 or D2; medial 1/2 of posterior column of the acetabulum was B3, C3 or D3; the inner edge of posterior column of the acetabulum was B4,C4 or D4.

RESULTSOn cross-section B, the angle of inclination and the mean length of screw at B0 was 41 degrees and 44.0 mm; at B1 was 66 degrees and 42.2 mm; at B2 was 91 degrees and 59.5 mm; at B3 was 107 degrees and 64.0 mm; the maximum angle and the mean length at point B4 was 123 degrees and 65.5 mm; the minimum angle and the mean length at point B4 was 109 degrees and 59.0 mm. On cross-section C,the angle and the mean length at point CO was 39 degrees and 39.0 mm; at C1 was 57 degrees and 36.0 mm; at C2 was 74 degrees and 36.0 mm;at C3 was 90 degrees and 36.0 mm; at C4 was 106 degrees and 76.0 mm. On cross-section D,the angle and the mean length at DO was 42 degrees and 35.5 mm; at D1 was 61 degrees and 33.0 mm; at D2 was 81 degrees and 32.0 mm; at D3 was 100 degrees and 31.0 mm; at D4 was 120 degrees and 74.0 mm.

CONCLUSIONWhen using the fixation technique of acetabular posterior column plate, the angles of screw-posterior column are 40 degrees to 60 degrees, 60 degrees to 75 degrees, 75 degrees to 90 degrees and 90 degrees to the angle of parallel to the square area respectively on the region of outer 1/4,outer-middle 1/4,inner-middle 1/4 and inner 1/4 of the acetabulum region, and the screw length is 30 mm.

Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To study the influence of progesterone on the cell proliferation of hormone?dependent breast cancer and observe the co?effect of vitamin D and progesterone of different levels on the proliferation of the cell line T?47D in hormone?dependent breast cancer and the interaction be?tween vitamin D and progesterone. Methods The cultured T?47D cells were divided into the high and the low progesterone mono?treated groups to observe the effects of different levels of progesterone on the cell proliferation of hormone?dependent breast cancer cell line(T?47D). The high and the low vitamin D mono?treated groups were set to observe the effects of different levels of vitamin D on the cell proliferation. Groups treated by differ?ent levels of progesterone combined with vitamin D were set to observe the interaction between them. Normal breast cancer cells were set as the con?trol group. The two?factor two?level parallel factorial experiment was conducted to observe the co?effect of different levels of progesterone and vitamin D on the proliferation of T?47D. The growth and apoptosis of cells was observed through detection of absorbance in each group by MTT. Results The cell concentration in high and low progesterone treated groups was increased than that in the control group,and was increased in the low proges?terone treated group compared with the high progesterone treated group(P<0.05). The cell concentration in dual?low level treated group was de?creased than that in the other three groups which were two?factor treated and the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Progesterone stimulates the cell proliferation of hormone?dependent breast cancer. The concentration?based interaction between vitamin D and progesterone indicates that the bi?directional effect of progesterone on breast cancer cells may be related to the concentration of progesterone and other factors,but the specific interac?tion and the mechanism is unclear.

Objective To evaluate treatment effects and to determine the prognostic factors of primary orbital lymphoma. Methods From March 1984 to October 2000, 44 primary orbital lymphoma patients were admitted into our hospital, with 27 males and 17 females. Twenty-seven patients had eyelid or conjunctiva primary, and 17 patients orbit primary. Patient's age ranged from 14 to 86 years (median, 50.5years). According to the Ann Arbor Staging System, there were 40 ⅠEA, 4 ⅡEA lesions. Cobolt-60 ?ray was given first to the whole orbit to 30-35?Gy followed by 180 kv X-rays or 9 Mev ?-beam to the focus to a total dose of 41.0-51.5?Gy (median, 46.5?Gy). Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival. Log-rank test was used to detect the difference between groups.Results Only 1 patient failed from primary site and 5 patients from distant metastasis after radiotherapy. The 5-year and 10-year cause-specific survival rate were 90.9% and 84.5%, respectively. On univariate and multivariate analyses, eyelid or conjunctiva localization and Ann Arbor stage ⅠEA were independent favorable prognostic factors for survival. The 5-year survival was much higher in eyelid or conjunctiva patients than in orbital ones (96.3% vs 70.6%, P=0.013). The survival time was longer in stage Ⅰ than in stage Ⅱ (P=0.000). Neither the RT dose nor the age or sex influenced the outcome.Conclusions Localized orbital lymphoma can be well controlled with low-dose RT alone. Patients with eyelid or conjunctival localization and stage Ⅰ have better cause-specific survival.

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.

Objective To evaluate the vulnerability of carotid arteriosclerosis plaque by ultrasound real-time tissue elastography in patients with SSS-TOAST1 style cerebral infarction, and discussing the value of the technique in assessment of the clinical course after cerebral infarction. Methods There were 113 patients of SSS-TOAST1 style cerebral infarction who had carotid arteriosclerosis plaque and 48 patients of contrast group who had carotid arteriosclerosis plaque selected by ultrasound in Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences. The results between two groups were compared. The cerebral infarction group was divided into two sub-groups according to the clinical course of patients after cerebral infarction, and the difference between them was compared. Results The size had no significant difference between cerebral infarction group and contrast group as well as between aggravated group and non-aggravated group (t=15.61, 10.77, 4.52, P<0.05). The real-time tissue elastography of carotid arteriosclerosis plaques were red-green in most patients of cerebral infarction group. The real-time tissue elastography of carotid arteriosclerosis plaques were green-blue in most patients of in control group. The value of elasticity of plaque, vessel wall and stiffness of carotid arteriosclerosis plaque between cerebral infarction group and control group had significant differences (t=15.61, 10.77, 4.52, P<0.05). The value of real-time tissue elastography between aggravated group and non-aggravated group had significant difference (t=6.39, 2.30, 3.80, P<0.05). Conclusion Real-time tissue elastography could evaluate the stiffness of carotid arteriosclerosis plaque, which was related with the vulnerability of carotid arteriosclerosis plaque. The values of elasticity of plaque, vessel wall and stiffness of carotid arteriosclerosis plaque in patients with SSS-TOAST1 style cerebral infarction were lower, and the vulnerability of carotid arteriosclerosis plaque was higher. Real-time tissue elastography had some worth in evaluating the clinical course of patients after cerebral infarction.