Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of combined therapy with L-carnitine and erythropoietin on renal anemia and nutritional status in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods The combination of computer and manual searches were used.A Meta analysis was made regarding the effect of combined therapy with L-carnitine and erythropoietin on the improvement of renal anemia and nutritional status in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis.The quality of the 9 studies was evaluated with the Jadad score.Statistical analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.0.Results A total of 428 patients in 9 reports were analyzed.Metaanalysis showed that there were significant improvement in hemoglobin (Hb) [WMD =9.21,95％ CI (7.69 ～10.73)] and hematocrit (Hct) [WMD =2.61,95％ CI (2.28 ～ 2.93)],albumin (ALB) [WMD =1.64,95％ CI (1.04 ～ 2.24)] and total protein (TP) [WMD =2.72,95 ％ CI (0.67 ～ 4.77)] in the treatment group compared with the control group.The level of erythropoietin dosage [WMD =-38.24,95％ CI (-76.87 ～ 0.39)] was decreased significantly.But there were no significant differences in triglyceride and serum phosphorus.Conclusion Combined therapy with L-carnitine and erythropoietin in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis leads to significant improvement of renal anemia and nutritional status.

TiO2 coated hollow fiber ( HF) was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The adsorption performances of the self-prepared TiO2 coated HF for interest metal ions were explored. The sample solution was extracted for 30 min at pH 8. 0 under stirring at speed of 700 r/min, then desorpted with 100μL of 1 mol/L HNO3 . On the basis of this, a method combining TiO2 coated HF micro-solid phase extraction with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS ) was developed for the determination of trace metal ions in environmental water samples. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection obtained by the proposed method were 0. 039, 0 . 021 , 0 . 009 and 0 . 018 ng/mL for CrⅢ, CuⅡ, CdⅡ and PbⅡ with enrichment factors of 12 . 5 , 11 . 7 , 10. 3 and 18. 6, respectively. The preparation reproducibility of self-prepared TiO2 coated HF ranged from 4. 5% to 6. 8% (n=9) in one batch, and from 7. 7% to 9. 6% (n=7) in batch-to-batch. The developed method has been validated by analyzing a certified reference material ( GSBZ50009-88 200925 ) and also applied to the analysis of CrⅢ, CuⅡ, CdⅡ and PbⅡ in East Lake water and snow water successfully. Meanwhile, TiO2 coated HF stir bar was prepared for a comparison and it was demonstrated that TiO2 coated HF displayed higher extraction efficiency and adsorption capacity for target ions.

Aim To investigate the Yiqi Yangyin Qingre Oral Liquid(YYQ) on insulin resistance in hyperglycemic fatty rats.Methods The model of hyperglycemic fatty rats was induced by intravenous injection with a low dose of streptozotocin(STZ) and a fed high fat and high caloric diet.The YYQ was given via gavage for a period of 4 weeks.The fasting blood glucose(FBG),oral glucose tolerance(OGT),serum insulin(INS),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),free fatty acid(FFA)levels,glucose infusion rate(GIR) by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique as well as erythrocyte insulin receptors(INSR)of rats were tested when the experiment was finished.The weight of the epididymal fat pads and the perirenal fat pads were measured.The IR,IRS-1mRNA expressions in liver tissue were measured by RT-PCR technology.Results YYQ treatment decreased the levels of FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,FFA and increased the level of HDL-C in hyperglycemic fatty rats.As compared with the model rats,glucose tolerance was improved and body weight was reduced in hyperglycemic fatty rats treated with YYQ.Moreover,YYQ treatment upregulated IR,IRS-1mRNA expressions in liver tissue and increased insulin receptor amounts on the erythrocytes surface as well as GIR in the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiment.Conclusions YYQ ameliorated insulin resistance in hyperglycemic fatty rats,and its mechanism might be related to increment of INSR and stimulation of insulin pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of visfatin on matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9)expression and invasive activity in macrophages.Methods THP-1 monocytes were induced into macrophages.To investigate the effects of visfatin on MMP-9,cells were divided into 2 groups:①macrophages+visfatin 12 h;②macrophages+visfatin 24 h.The concentrations of visfatin in each group were:0(control),50,100,200,400 ng/mL.MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting,and MMP-9 invasive activity was assayed by gelatin zymography.To investigate the mechanism of visfatin on MMP-9,cells were divided into 5 groups:①macrophages without stimulation(control);②macrophages pretreated with MAPK p38,ERK1/2,JNK pathway inhibitor for 1 h,then stimulated with visfatin(200 ng/mL)for 24 h;③macrophages pretreated with retinoid X receptors(RXR)nature ligand or peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ?(PPAR?)natural/synthetic ligand for 1 h,then stimulated with visfatin(200 ng/mL)for 24 h;④macrophages stimulated with visfatin(200 ng/mL)for 24 h;⑤macophages+visfatin(200 ng/mL)for different time(5,10,15,30,60 min).MMP-9 expression,PPAR? expression,and the effect of visfatin on MAPK phosphorylation were analysed by Western blotting.Results Visfatin not only significantly enhanced MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in macrophages(P

Abstract: Objective　To construct a mouse model of Schistosoma japonicum liver disease induced by direct injection of Schistosoma japonicum eggs through the portal vein and evaluate its effectiveness, in order to provide a new animal model for schistosomiasis liver disease research. Methods　Fifteen 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control group and egg injection group, with 5 in the control group and 10 in the egg injection group. On day -14, 5 000 live eggs were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice, and on day 0, the mice were anesthetized and the abdominal cavity was opened. 5 000 live eggs were injected through the portal vein, and the control group was injected with equal volume of phosphate buffer (PBS). 5 mice in the egg group were killed on day 10 and 30, respectively. The control group mice were killed on day 10, and their serum and liver tissue were collected. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) and Masson staining were performed, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and liver hydroxyproline (HYP) content were detected using a microplate spectrophotometer. Liver fibrosis-related genes, Th1 and Th2 type immune response-related genes were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). Liver injury, egg granuloma and fibrosis, and adaptive immune response were detected to evaluate the effect of portal vein injection of eggs while inducing mouse model of schistosomiasis liver disease. Results　The results showed that significant egg granulomas appeared in the liver of mice after injection of eggs into the portal vein for 10 and 30 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the area of egg granulomas between the 10-day group and the 30-day group (t=0.975, P=0.332). Masson staining and liver hydroxyproline content detection showed significant fibrosis in the liver. The qPCR results showed that, compared with the control group, the expression levels of fibrosis marker genes, such as α⁃Sma (alpha smooth muscle actin), Col1a1 (collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1), and Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor beta 1), were significantly increased (t=6.380, 7.533, 5.314; P=0.002, 0.001, 0.007), and then decreased on the 30th day, with no statistical difference compared to the control group (t=0.940, 1.529, 1.746; P=0.778, 0.543, 0.457). At the same time, the expression levels of Th1 type immune response-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf), interferon gamma (Ifng), and Th2 type immune response-related genes, such as interleukin-5 (Il5), interleukin-13 (Il13), significantly increased 10 days after eggs injection (t=6.163, 4.589, 5.651, 5.367; P=0.003, 0.018, 0.020, 0.009). In addition, there was no significant change in the levels of AST and ALT in the serum of each group of mice (t=0.982, 3.450; P=0.771, 0.074. t=1.164, 0.564; P=0.697, 0.917). Conclusions　A mouse model of schistosomiasis liver disease induced by portal vein injection of worm eggs was constructed. The study provides a new modeling method for studying the mechanism of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis..

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive treatment for liver cancer recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation, and investigate the risk factors affecting the lifespan of patients with liver cancer recurrence and metastasis. Methods Of 29 patients with liver cancer recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation, 11 patients in the comprehensive treatment group were treated by TACE, microwave coagulation, radiotherapy or hepatectomy, and the remaining 18 patients were classified into chemotherapy group. The differences in efficacy between the 2 treatment modalities were compared, and the factors influencing the patients' lifespan were analyzed. Results Compared with patients in the chemotherapy group, patients in the comprehensive treatment group had significantly longer lifespan after liver cancer recurrence and metastasis (t = 5. 617, P < 0.01). TNM staging, pathological classification, time of postoperative recurrence and metastasis and treatment method were the factors that influence the lifespan of patients with liver cancer recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation (t =2.843, 3.061,22.781,5.617, P <0.01). Conclusions Comprehensive treatment could prolong the lifespan of patients with liver cancer recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation. The efficacy of comprehensive treatment is superior to that of the chemotherapy.

The core protein (CP) of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of its structural proteins. Apart from forming the nucleocapsid to protect internal viral genomic RNA, this protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. Also, during viral infection, the CP is involved in interactions with many host proteins. In this review, we combine study of this protein with its disorders, structural/functional characteristics, as well as its interactions with the non-structural proteins NS3, NS5B and host proteins such as SUMO-1, UBC9, OS9 and IQGAP1. We also summarize the important part played by the CP in CSFV pathogenicity, virulence and replication of genomic RNA. We also provide guidelines for further studies in the CP of the CSFV.
Animals ; Classical Swine Fever ; virology ; Classical swine fever virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Genome, Viral ; Swine ; Viral Core Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virulence

A canine distemper virus strain was isolated from the lung of dog coming from Aksu in Xing Jiang using lung primary M cell during the CDV molecular epidemiological study. It was demonstrated to be a virulent strain of CDV by a series of systematic identification such as morphology , serology neutralization test, canine infection test, and molecular virology test.

Background:Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet is a double-deck digestive enzyme pellet containing Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin that has been widely used for treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD)in clinical practice. However,there is no randomized controlled trial focusing on the efficacy of this agent versus other drugs used for treatment of FD such as prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Aims:To compare the efficacy and safety among Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet,Domperidone Tablet and Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablet, three drugs with different mechanisms of action on FD,in Chinese population. Methods:A total of 82 Helicobacter pylori-negative outpatients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of FD in Rome Ⅲ were recruited from Nov. 2015 to Jun. 2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. These patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups,and received Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet (group A),Domperidone Tablet (group B)and Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablet (group C)orally for 4 weeks,respectively. The improvement of dyspeptic symptoms and adverse events were observed and recorded. Results:After 4 weeks treatment,the overall efficacies for global symptoms in group A,group B and group C were 93. 1%,88. 9% and 69. 2%,respectively,statistically significant difference was existed among the three groups (P < 0. 05). Domperidone Tablet was effective for postprandial fullness and early satiety;Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablet was sensitive for epigastric pain,epigastric burning,and belching and regurgitation;the efficacies of Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet for all five dyspeptic symptoms were in between. No adverse events were observed during treatment course. Conclusions:Digestive enzymes,prokinetics and PPI have different sensitive symptoms and optimal indications for treatment of FD. The overall efficacy of Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet is superior to that of prokinetics and PPI.

Objective To study the risk factors of post-hepatectomy hepatic decompensation (PHD) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodWe reviewed 562 patients with Child-Pugh A classification,who underwent partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University between July 1st 2007 to December 31st 2007,to study the risk factors of hepatic decompensation.ResultsPreoperative high total bilirubin (TB) and low prealbumin (PA) were independent risk factors of PHD by logistic multivariate analysis ROC analysis revealed the cut-offs of preoperative PA predicting PHD were 0.14 g/L (sensitivity 41.4％; specificity 83.1％).The incidence of PHD was 16.0％ when TB≥20.4 μmol/L and PA＜0.14 g/L(OR=7.276,P=0.002).ConclusionThe Child-Pugh A patients recovered well when the preoperative liver function was as follows:TB＜20.4 μmol/L and PA≥0.14 g/L.