Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the educational measurement indexes from the undergraduates clinical skills competition in a medical university.The rationality of the competition was discussed in the view of education survey.Methods 84 students' results which selected from the China Medical University 2nd Clinical Skills Competition were the research objects in this study.The indexes of the difficulty,discrimination,reliability and criterion-reated validity of the competition were evaluated based on the Education surveying principle.The difficulty was calculated by subjective topic difficulty computing formula,and other indexes were carried out with SPSS 18.0 except the difficulty index.Results The average difficulty of the questions of this university was 0.61,the average discrimination was 0.77 and the overall reliability was 0.926.The OSCE scores of the participating students were taken as the criterion in this study.The calculated criterion-related validity was 0.416.Conclusion The college students' clinical skills competition has good reliability,discrimination and effective criterion-related validity.For the selective competition,the difficulty can be further improved while considering the scope of the topic.

Purpose　The source of earthworm toxin, its ingredients and the methods to take it off were studied.Methods　The irritable secretor was dialyzed, and then examined by UV-Vis spectrum instrument.The proteins was analyzed with electrophoresis. The toxicity was tested in vivo.Results　The proteins of irritable secretor 0.242mg/kg iv cause a mouse to death.Many bands were separated from the proteins with SDS-PAGE， among which two kinds were the principal. Even with different stimulus the secretor of earthworm was identical in ingredients.Conclusion　The results demonstrated that the earthworm proteins of irritable secretion had toxicity and the toxin could be removed from earthworm by adding NaCl or 40V electricity.

Reuse of waste oil in cooking has been the social concern for long time, but until now there is no reliable method to identify the gutter oil.In this work, based on the generation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes in the refinement of gutter oil, gutter oil and adulterate cooking oil were identified by determining hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal in oil sample with high perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using O-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl)hydroxylamine as the fluorescent derivative reagent.At first, 10 μL of oil sample was dissolved in 200 μL of isopropanol, then reacted with O-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl)hydroxylamine to form the stable derivatives, extracted with acetonitrile and injected into HPLC for analysis.The derivatives were separated on a C18 column within 15 min with ACN-H2O (90∶10, V/V) as mobile phase.The fluorescence detector was set at λex/λem=292 nm/348 nm.The linear range of 5 kinds of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes was 0.01-1.00 μmol/L with limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3) of 0.05-0.10 nmol/L, and the spiked recoveries were 95.6%-101.4%.The results showed that the edible oils obtained from supermarket almost had no hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, but these aldehydes increased significantly in gutter oil.Thus the 5 kinds of long-chain aldehydes could be used as the indictor of gutter oil.Taking the advantage of good specificity, higher sensitivity, good accuracy and simplicity, the method was suitable for the rapid identification of gutter oil.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Massage

Health Promotion ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Workplace

Objective To compare the value of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 32 patients with suspected breast cancer were enrolled into this study. All patients underwent (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography. The diagnostic efficiency of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography were compared based on the post-surgery pathology. Results The sensitivity of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 91.67% and 66.67%, the specificity was 100% and 37.50%, the accuracy was 93.75% and 59.38%, respectively. Combining (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy with planar X-ray mammography, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicting values and negative predicting values for breast cancer was 95.83%, 100%, 96.88%, 82.14% and 47.06%, respectively. Conclusion The diagnostic efficiency of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy for breast cancer is superior to planar X-ray mammography. (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy combined with planar X-ray mammography, the diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer will be further improved.

Objective To understand the mortality rate and cause of the injury in Hebei province in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for drawing up effective prevention measures.Methods The injury deaths data was collected from 18 surveillance spots in Hebei province during 2004—2005,and the injury was classified with ICD-10 and the corresponding mortality rates were calculated.Results The average injury mortality rate was 54.02/100 000(the age-adjusted rate was 51.62/100 000).It was the 5 th-ranked cause of death.The leading five causes of injury were traffic injury by motor vehicles, traffic injury by non-motor vehicles,suicide,poisoning and fall,which accounted for 23.96%,22.05%,13.10%,11.99%, 5.62%,respectively.The average injury mortality rate in rural(58.48/100 000)was higher than in urban(31.60/100 000)(?~2= 255.82,P

Objective To understand the environmental estrogens contamination of tap water and source water. Methods Environmental estrogens in the water samples were concentrated by macroporous adsorption resin H103. The effect of environmental estrogens in concentrated samples was assessed by the recombinant yeast system. Results The results showed that some source water and tap water really contained environmental estrogens. The activity of environmental estrogens in concentrated samples of some source water increased as the volume of concentrated sample increased. The concentrate of 100 ml water sample could show the estrogenic effect. Conclusion Some source waters and tap waters in China have been contaminated by environmental estrogens. Environmental estrogens in source water can not be removed completely by drinking water treatment system of city.

The paper described the specific measures and results of postoperative complications reporting system, including reporting coverage, methods, deadline, data management, supervision and feedback. In addition, it introduced results of the practice and the positive impact on quality of care and safety management. Based on these, the authors proposed further improvements of the system for the purposes of constant improvement of care and higher medical safety.

Child, Preschool ; Constipation ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications